1. two-way obstacle
Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder. Epidemiological survey abroad shows that the prevalence of bipolar disorder is 1% ~ 3%, and the peak age of onset is 15 ~ 19 years old. Most of them are first-time depressive episodes, and manic or hypomanic episodes often occur after one or more depressive episodes. Previous studies in China showed that the incidence rate was 0.083%, less than 0. 1%, which was lower than that in foreign countries.
2. Influencing factors
The risk of biological relatives of patients with bipolar disorder is significantly higher than that of the general population, and the closer the blood relationship, the higher the prevalence rate.
According to the transmitter imbalance hypothesis, the decrease of functional activities of 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (ne) and dopamine (DA) may be related to depressive episodes, and the increase of functional activities may be related to manic episodes.
Many studies have found that bipolar disorder is related to the dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) and hypothalamus-pituitary-auxin axis (HPGH), especially the dysfunction of HPA.
Stress events are related to the occurrence of bipolar disorder, especially depressive episodes, which are closely related to patients' personality. Most of the patients' personalities are timid, insecure, unconfident, not self-reliant, overly attached to others, overly concerned about others, and lacking a strong self. Poor personality is closely related to family education and parenting style.
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High spirits, out of proportion to their situation, can range from joy to ecstasy. In some cases, it's just annoying. Those with mild illness have no or only slight social function damage, while those with severe illness may have psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
Mainly depression, which is not commensurate with its situation, can range from sullen to grief-stricken, and even stiff. In severe cases, mental symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions may occur.