Brief introduction of orange tree
Oranges are the fruits of Rutaceae orange trees, also known as Guo Huang, Citrus, Jinhuan and Liu Ding. Small trees of citrus. Fruit can be peeled and eaten fresh, and pulp can be used as an additive for seasoning or other foods. Oranges are mainly divided into sweet orange, navel orange, blood orange, sugar orange and red orange.
What are the conditions for planting orange trees?
The cultivation of citrus trees needs sufficient sunshine, and the general temperature is above 8℃, preferably between 20-32℃. The planting environment is humid, and the air humidity should be kept between 65% and 90%. In addition, it needs rich fertilizer and water, deep soil, irrigation in drought and drainage in flood. Only with these conditions can it grow well.
Climate and temperature of orange tree planting
The biggest influence is the temperature. Even if the temperature difference is 0.5℃, sometimes there will be completely different results. The growth and development of citrus fruits need a temperature of 12.5-37℃. The day and night temperatures of flower bud differentiation in autumn are about 20℃ and 65438 00℃, respectively, and the soil temperature of root growth is roughly the same as the ground temperature.
If the temperature is too low, oranges will freeze. When the sweet orange is at -4℃ and the satsuma orange is at -5℃, the branches and leaves will be frozen. When the sweet orange is below -5℃ and the satsuma orange is below -6℃, the branches will be frostbitten. When the sweet orange is below -6.5℃, the satsuma mandarin will freeze to death.
A geographical area suitable for planting orange trees
Citrus is mainly distributed in the south of 35 north latitude, which is warm and humid. Areas where large water bodies are warming can be pushed northward to latitude 45. There are 135 countries in the world that produce oranges, with an annual output of102822 million tons and an area of 1073 million mu, ranking first among the hundred fruits. Brazil ranks first with 24.2526 million tons, the United States ranks second with16.3352 million tons, and China ranks third with10 million tons.
Planting time of orange trees
The best planting time of orange trees is March, April and September,1October, because the temperature in these periods is the most suitable.
Planting benefit of orange trees
Generally, navel oranges will bear fruit after three years of planting, but the yield is not very high. Generally, the yield per mu of adult fruit trees over four years can reach 2500-3000 kg, and the life span of navel orange fruit trees can reach 40-50 years, and the economic benefits are still very good.
At present, the wholesale price of navel orange in the market is 2.5 yuan/kg. If the output is 2500 kg/mu, navel orange can earn1250,000 yuan per mu, but it is unprofitable to plant navel oranges in the first two years. Starting from the fourth year, you can get a good profit by excluding the cost of manual picking.
Planting methods and technical points of orange trees
Garden management is mainly fertilizer and water management. In the first few years, orange trees should be fertilized five or six times, usually in spring, summer and autumn. Fertilizers are mainly urea and compound fertilizer. Fertilization in spring is to promote the growth of branches and leaves, and promote the growth of fruits in summer. At the same time, in the meantime, we should control the water quantity. If the citrus reticulata in the garden grows too luxuriantly, it should be pruned to ensure sufficient light and permeability.
In the later stage, it is necessary to dig and expand holes, maintain soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard. Before and after flowering (March-May) and autumn (9-165438+1October) are the key periods for controlling red spider: the population density reaches 1-2 heads/leaf before flowering, and it needs to be controlled after flowering and when it reaches 5-6 heads/leaf in autumn.
The main periods of controlling rust lice are spring shoot sprouting, young fruit and fruit expansion: rust color appeared on the back of spring shoot leaves in that year; When the insect population density on leaves or fruits reaches 2-3 heads per leaf, control it immediately. Commonly used pesticides include hexythiazox, fenpropathrin, propargite, bromopropyl ester, chlorfenuron and so on. Pay attention to protect natural enemies, such as bearded mites, blunt mites, lacewings, etc.