Many people like to drink tea, and the market demand is also growing, which has also created the rise of the tea industry. Under normal circumstances, the cost and profit of an acre of tea garden are determined according to the yield, which is about 200~300 kg. Usually, the market price of ordinary tea is about 100 yuan 1 kg, and the cost is about 6000 yuan. The income per mu of tea garden is about 14000~24000 yuan.
Under normal circumstances, the number of seedlings per mu of tea is about 3000, so the number of fresh tea products per mu is about 20000~30000. Due to the high cost of tea, entering the market requires a variety of processing procedures, and the cost of materials and labor is about 3000 yuan.
Tea usually requires less investment and high return, but the fresh products after picking need complicated processing procedures. No matter what kind of tea it is, its price is determined by the production process and growth environment, but it is mainly the reputation and quality of tea. Some teas can be sold at high prices mainly by reputation.
In fact, there are many expensive teas on the market, and their quality is not necessarily good. Many unscrupulous businessmen deliberately speculate and raise the price of some ordinary tea. However, we should choose good varieties when planting tea.
Feasibility report of tea planting project
Any measures that can cause bud growth, dormant bud development and seed germination, or promote these before, are called accelerating germination.
Whether the buds are uneven or the new shoots are weak or the new leaves are yellow, the key to the problem lies in the root system. Most of the nutrients in the spring germination stage are the nutrients stored in the previous year. At this time, if the root system is poorly developed, the nutrients in the tree can not absorb new nutrients from the soil, which will easily lead to insufficient vitality and nutrition of the tree and seriously affect the growth of new shoots and leaves. In spring, germination can also be promoted by supplementing germination accelerating fertilizer. Generally speaking, new shoots can be promoted by supplementing phosphorus and zinc. Supplementing calcium to promote the development of growing points; Phosphorus supplementation can make the leaves healthy and green and grow normally.
Second, how to promote tea germination
1, when the base fertilizer is fully applied in autumn, 800- 1500 kg of farm manure can be selected, and 2-3 kg per mu of Shendu and 0.5 kg per mu of Shendu bacteria can be used to vigorously grow capillary roots, strengthen roots, support roots and protect roots, greatly improve root activity, enhance the ability of crops to absorb and transform nutrients, and store enough nutrients for next year's germination.
2. Supplementary application of germination accelerating fertilizer in spring, 2-3 kilograms of deep-crossing organic fertilizer per mu, and spraying Danzhong on the leaves to promote the early, multiple, fast and strong growth of tea trees, and improve the yield and quality of tea.
3. Spraying tea buds 7- 10 days before germination can quickly expand the stomata of leaves and quickly enter plants, effectively promote cell protoplasmic streaming, activate biological enzymes, break the dormancy of tea trees, and promote tea buds to sprout orderly in advance at low temperature in early spring. Buds are thick, compact, fresh, bright and green. Increase the weight of shoots and shoots.
Report on planting tea trees
Tea is planted in single row with row spacing of 150cm and cluster spacing of 33cm, and about 1350 plants can be planted per mu, such as double row planting with large row spacing of 150cm and small row spacing of 30cm and cluster spacing of 20cm, and about 4450 plants can be planted per mu. The selection of tea varieties and planting density also need to refer to local soil conditions and fertilizer conditions to plant reasonably.
Can tea trees be kept indoors?
Tea trees can be kept indoors, but they need to be kept in a humid environment, and the temperature should not exceed 35℃. Because the adaptability of tea trees is poor,
What color does the tea tree bloom?
The flowers of tea trees are generally white, a few are pale yellow, pink and rare yellow. The flower buds of tea trees began to grow in June.
What medicine does camellia oleifera use to kill insects, and what fertilizer is better for camellia oleifera?
Different pesticides are used for different pests. If there are leafhopper pests in camellia oleifera, 2.5% can be used to kill them.
Tea trees like to be warm and humid. What is the most suitable temperature for growth? What is the material basis of tea plant disease resistance?
In general, tea trees are suitable to grow in the environment with the temperature of 18-25℃; Too high a place is not conducive to tea trees.
How can tea trees blossom?
When the climate of tea trees is dry in the early stage and the rain increases in the later stage, it will make some low-lying areas with poor drainage accumulate water and warm winters.
Can tea trees spend the winter in the north
Tea trees can spend the winter in the north. For example, the northern camellia indoors in winter, to ensure its suitable humidity, ventilation and light, when spring.
Temperature requirements of tea trees
Tea plants can grow normally at the temperature of 10-35℃, and grow fastest at 18-25℃, with the temperature exceeding 35℃.
What disease does tea tree get easily?
Tea trees are prone to tea cake disease, tea ring spot disease and root-knot nematode disease of tea seedlings. Therefore, tea garden management should be strengthened to increase tea tree disease resistance.
Remedies for tea tree dying.
Cut off the dry branches and leaves on the tea tree in time, and the tea tree with good leaves but scorched tender leaves on the surface can be 3-5 cm deep.
Investigation report on tea planting
New-type professional farmers are the backbone of promoting modern agriculture. Strengthening the skills cultivation of new-type professional farmers and cultivating and strengthening the rural skilled and knowledge-based talent team are the urgent requirements for solving the "three rural issues" who will farm and plant good fields in the future, and also the needs for accelerating the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization. In order to better speed up the cultivation of new professional farmers in our county, according to the requirements of the CPPCC, we conducted a preliminary investigation on the cultivation of new professional farmers in our county, and now the situation is reported as follows:
First, the county agricultural and rural labor resources
The rural population in our county is 17246 1 person. There are 90,563 labor resources, accounting for 52.5% of the rural population, including 59.3% of male labor resources and 4 1.7% of female labor resources. Among the agricultural and rural labor resources, there are 85,536 rural employees, accounting for 94% of the total labor resources. Only 4 1693 people are actually engaged in agriculture among the employed labor force, accounting for 48.7% of the rural employees. In 20 16, there were 28,888 laborers (including those who left home), accounting for 33.8% of the total number of employees.
Second, the county's new professional farmers
If we count agricultural professional cooperatives, family farms, large farmers, rural skilled craftsmen, agricultural machinery maintenance workers, rural operators and rural brokers as new professional farmers incompletely, according to incomplete survey statistics, at present, there are 29 16 new professional farmers in the county, accounting for 3.4 1% of the total rural labor force. Among them, there are 397 experts in planting navel oranges, tea, thorn grapes and vegetables, accounting for13.6% of the total number of new professional farmers; There are 324 experts in pig, rabbit, turtle and goat breeding, accounting for11.1%; There are 70 experts in processing agricultural products such as tea, accounting for 2.4%; Leaders of farmers' cooperatives 175, accounting for 6.07%; 82 rural brokers, accounting for 2.8%; Animal epidemic prevention officer 124, accounting for 4.25%; 430 operators of agricultural machinery, accounting for14.74%; 200 agricultural machinery maintenance personnel, accounting for 6.86%; There are 359 skilled craftsmen such as vegetable gardeners, rural builders, biogas workers and fishery crew, accounting for12.3%; Farmer information officer 170, accounting for 5.82%; There are 335 township tourists, accounting for11.49%; There are 250 township veterinarians, pesticide salesmen and veterinary drug distributors, accounting for 8.57%.
Third, the main ways to cultivate new professional farmers in our county
New professional farmers are a new concept put forward in recent two years. At present, there are four main ways to cultivate farmers in our county:
(a) the County Agriculture and Grain Bureau sunshine project labor transfer employment training and practical technical training. In order to improve farmers' labor transfer skills, enhance their employability and scientific farming level, the Agriculture and Food Bureau has started to carry out rural labor transfer employment training focusing on the Sunshine Project since 20 16, and trained about 2,000 farmers every year, and trained farmers15,900 people in 20 16. At the same time, combined with the promotion of new agricultural varieties, new technologies and new equipment, about 5,000 people are trained in accelerated technology every year.
(2) The County Fruit and Tea Bureau conducts annual technical training on citrus fertilizer and water management, pruning and Huanglongbing prevention and control 1000 person-times.
(III) The County Employment Bureau conducts about 2,600 training for rural surplus labor force transfer employment every year to guide the rational and orderly flow of rural surplus labor force and promote the local transfer of employment of migrant workers.
(four) the county vocational secondary school to carry out vocational knowledge education every year about 2000 people.
Four, the main problems in the cultivation of new professional farmers in our county
(A) from the current situation of new professional farmers:
First, the number is seriously insufficient. There are 29 16 new professional farmers in the county, accounting for 1.69% of the total rural population and 3.4 1% of the total rural labor force, which is lower than the national average. Among them, technical secondary school or high school education accounts for 3.9%, which is even worse than the proportion of agricultural and rural talents in counties and cities with developed modern agriculture.
The second is uneven distribution. From the statistics of this time, most of the new professional farmers in our county are concentrated in planting and breeding, operation and maintenance of agricultural machinery and skilled craftsmen in rural areas. The total number of planting and breeding experts is 72 1 name, accounting for 24.7% of the total, while the number of agricultural machinery operation and maintenance workers is 630, accounting for 2 1.6%, and the number of skilled craftsmen in rural areas is 359, accounting for1.
Third, the structure is not reasonable enough. From the perspective of age structure, the number of young rural practical talents is small, most of them are over 45 years old, and the team is generally older, which is further aging.
Fourth, from the perspective of cultural knowledge structure, there are many high schools and below, and most rural practical talents have not received systematic vocational and technical skills education, and the overall cultural quality is not high, especially high-skilled and high-level talents are in short supply. From the perspective of gender structure, there are few practical women in rural areas.
(B) from the requirements of cultivating new professional farmers:
First, there are contradictions in time. It takes a long time for the new professional farmers to master a basic business skill. According to the provincial requirements, it takes at least 15 days for the production and operation type and 5 days for the professional skill type. At this stage, most young people in rural areas go out to work, and most of them are over 50 years old and are engaged in one or two major industries, such as navel oranges, rice and pigs. It may be ok to leave home for one or two days, and it is quite difficult to leave home for five or six days to study and train. Even if they can get away with it, it is hard for ordinary farmers to get over it if they work at home for one day 100 yuan, while they earn five or six hundred yuan less after training for five or six days.
The second is the contradiction in learning content. To improve farmers' professional skills, it is necessary to study and train systematically, and it takes a long time. However, most farmers over 50 years old have a low level of education, and listening to systematic learning is boring or even incomprehensible. Short-term fast food coping training, short training time and prominent focus can have immediate effects, but it is difficult to systematically improve farmers' business skills.
The third is the contradiction in training funds. If the new professional farmers' training funds can win the support of the above projects, the expenses of teaching materials, food and housing for farmers' training can be solved. However, the training also needs management expenses such as data sorting, which are all solved by county finance, and at present, it is impossible for most county finance supporting funds to be in place. Therefore, in training, there are departments that do more things, pay more money, and have no enthusiasm.
(3) From the channel of cultivating new-type professional farmers: Although there are agricultural departments, personnel and employment departments, education departments, etc., the cultivation angles are different, and most of them are crash training, so it is difficult to achieve the effect of improving the overall comprehensive quality.
Five, some suggestions to promote the cultivation of new professional farmers
New professional farmers are an important force to promote modern agriculture. The quantity and quality of new professional farmers are directly related to the development process of modern agriculture in our county, and the most realistic problem is who will farm and plant good fields in the next ten or twenty years. Suggestions on how to promote the cultivation of new professional farmers in our county are as follows:
(A) the establishment of incentive mechanism to mobilize farmers to participate in the cultivation of enthusiasm. For example, new professional farmers who have passed the training will be issued with certificates, and new professional farmers will be given policy support in developing industries, providing credit, land use, varieties, technology, information and other support, especially project and financial support, so that they can get tangible benefits and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and participation. At the same time, the government will set up a new type of professional farmers' cultivation fund. For those who have passed the training for more than five days, in addition to the round-trip fare, accommodation and reimbursement, they will also be given appropriate subsidies for lost time.
(2) Effectively improve the training quality and ensure the training effect. If the training content should be in line with the current reality, farmers have a strong demand; Training materials should combine theory with practice and be easy to understand; The trained teachers should not only have good theoretical level, but also have rich practical experience. So that farmers can really learn knowledge and taste the sweetness after studying for a few days.
(three) to protect farmers' training funds and mobilize the enthusiasm of departments. The county finance should stand on the plan of supporting the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas, support agriculture, and effectively guarantee the working funds of the training department. The most basic supporting funds for the project must be in place, so that both the soldiers and the war can be funded, and the enthusiasm of the training department can be mobilized.
(4) Reform the ways to cultivate new professional farmers and cultivate lasting talents in agriculture and rural areas. At present, the agricultural department and the personnel and employment department are mainly cultivating middle-aged and elderly farmers, and they are all engaged in agriculture and rural areas at home. This part of the workforce will age in ten or twenty years. The successor force of real agriculture and rural areas is still the young people now, so the focus of cultivating new professional farmers should be on the post-80s, 90s and even the post-00s. Therefore, strengthening agricultural vocational and technical education in junior and senior high schools should be the top priority and long-term plan of cultivating new professional farmers. These generations, whether they farm or not in the future, were born in the countryside and have personal experience in agriculture. They will not be able to work in the future, but they will also have accumulated knowledge when they come back to the countryside.
Report on tea planting base
An acre of tea land has 666 square meters.
At present, the yield of tea gardens is related to the age of trees. Usually, the annual crude tea yield of three or four-year-old tea trees is 100- 120 kg; Mature tea trees can collect crude tea 150-200 kg a year.
The yield of an acre of land depends on the way you plant, the level of management, the standard of picking and what kind of tea you make.
Take Jiangsu and Zhejiang as an example: if you make a famous tea like Longjing, you will only pick one season of spring tea a year, and an acre of land will produce a dozen kilograms of dry tea.
If steamed green tea is used as the standard, it can produce 300 Jin of dry tea a year.
The tea industry report mainly expounds the situation and development plan of its own industry.
Tea farmers refer to people engaged in tea production and business activities. For example, Wuyishan is a famous tea producing area in China and all over the world. In May134, there were more than 100,000 workers engaged in tea production and sales, including tea producers, tea salesmen, and employees in related tea production equipment, tea packaging and other industries. We can collectively refer to these people as tea farmers.
Description of tea planting situation
Tea seedling planting can plant about 1350 plants in a single row and about 4450 plants in a double row. There are two main ways to plant tea trees: one is to plant tea gardens in single row, with row spacing of 150cm and cluster spacing of 33cm, with seeds per mu.