First, planting time
Cold and winter vegetables are suitable for planting in cool seasons, which are neither hot nor cold. The suitable growth temperature is about15 ~ 20℃, and it is more suitable for planting in spring and autumn. These two periods are very suitable for sowing and are also conducive to survival. Sowing in spring is mostly in February and March, and sowing in autumn is mostly around 9- 1 1 month.
Second, the planting method
1, soil preparation and fertilization: the requirements of winter vegetables on soil are not strict, but in order to promote growth and increase yield, soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out in advance to provide a suitable environment for growth. Choose a plot with flat terrain, loose soil and rich nutrition as the planting position, fully plough it, apply decomposed fertilizer, and then make the soil into a flat bed.
2. Sowing and seedling raising: Prepare high-quality cold winter vegetables seeds and select full and substantial seeds. Direct seeding and seedling raising can be used, and the sowing method can be broadcast or hole sowing. If the planting area is small, it is best to use hole sowing. Small holes are dug in the border, the row spacing of the holes is about 25 cm, and 4-5 seeds are planted in each hole. After sowing, cover the seeds with thin soil, keep the moisture and temperature, and wait for the seedlings to emerge.
3. Transplanting and planting: After the seedlings grow stably, they can be transplanted and planted. If live broadcast is adopted, this step can be omitted.
4. Field management: After transplanting, attention should be paid to intertillage weeding, topdressing in time after harvesting in the peak growth season, and spraying drugs in advance to control pests and diseases.
Main producing areas and growth habits of winter cold vegetables
China, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Gansu and other provinces. China had been cultivated for vegetable food as early as the Han Dynasty, and there were still people cultivated for vegetable food in Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. Beijing, Huining, Gansu and other places also occasionally see cultivation.
Winter cold dishes like cold, cool and humid climate, not resistant to high temperature and severe cold, but resistant to low temperature and light frost, and low temperature can also improve the quality. The suitable temperature for plant growth is 15℃-20℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it is easier to yield in soil with good drainage, loose fertility and water and fertilizer conservation, and it is not suitable for continuous cropping.
Seeds began to germinate at 8℃, and the optimum temperature for germination was 25℃. Plants above 30℃ suffered from serious diseases, while plants below 15℃ grew slowly. The fertilizer requirement is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which requires a large amount of fertilizer and has strong fertility tolerance. It is suitable for planting in spring and autumn, and easy-to-grow seedlings are planted in summer, so it is not suitable for planting in the open field in summer.