First, how is the single garlic formed?
After sowing in autumn, garlic will experience wintering in winter and low temperature vernalization in spring. In early spring, when the average sunshine time exceeds 13 hours, garlic will undergo flower bud differentiation and a flower stem will grow in the middle, which is what we call garlic bolting; Scaly buds form near the base of leaves. After absorbing enough water and nutrients, these scales will develop into garlic cloves.
If the supply of water and nutrients is insufficient in the growth and development stage, even if the seed completes flower bud differentiation, the peripheral scale buds will die, but the nutrients of garlic will still be supplied to the central part, so the internal scale buds can still grow normally, thus forming a single garlic.
Second, the scientific planting method of single garlic
1, garlic seed selection
Seed selection will directly affect the yield of single garlic, and the growth cycle of different garlic varieties is also different. The following two factors should be paid attention to when selecting seeds for high yield of single garlic:
(1) Try to choose early-maturing varieties.
Garlic likes cold climate and is not heat-resistant. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20℃~25℃. If it exceeds 27℃, it will hibernate without germination. The suitable temperature for the growth and development of stems and leaves is between 65438 05℃ and 20℃. When the temperature exceeds 25℃, the growth and development are poor, the stems and leaves are easy to die, and they enter mature dormancy in advance. Therefore, when the temperature exceeds 25℃, it is best to harvest a head of garlic. Therefore, the earlier the variety, the more time it takes from planting to maturity.
(2) Small and medium garlic with many petals should be selected for seed selection.
The planting mechanism of garlic is to inhibit the flower bud differentiation of common garlic. Therefore, garlic with moderate size and more petals should be selected when selecting seeds, so that garlic has less nutritional components and the probability of forming garlic heads is relatively high.
Step 2 sow garlic with one head
There are three aspects of garlic sowing: the determination of sowing date, the special treatment of garlic seeds, soil preparation and sowing.
Determination of (1) sowing date
The sowing date of an ear of garlic varies according to the temperature difference in different regions. As for the specific sowing date, we take 25℃ as the critical temperature and push it back for 3 months, which is basically the suitable sowing date. As long as the minimum temperature is above -5℃ and there is no permafrost in the soil of 10 cm, you can sow. As long as the minimum temperature is above -5℃ and there is no permafrost in the soil of 10 cm, you can sow.
The difference between single garlic and spring-sown garlic is that the formation of garlic cloves requires flower bud differentiation, but the spring-sown garlic cloves do not go through enough low temperature time, even if the sunshine time meets the requirements, the flower buds will not differentiate or differentiate incompletely, and finally only the innermost scale buds will expand, which greatly increases the rate of single garlic.
(2) Special treatment of garlic seeds
In order to improve the single head rate of garlic, the selected garlic seeds were stored at 2~5℃ for 2 months before sowing, soaked in clean well water before sowing, taken out and dressed with carbendazim for 8~ 12 hours, and dried before sowing.
(3) soil preparation and sowing
Before sowing, apply base fertilizer in the soil, and then thoroughly plough and harrow to make the base fertilizer and soil fully mixed. Generally speaking, 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 35 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer (usually calcium superphosphate) are applied to the soil with medium fertility; Potash fertilizer is 5 Jin.
When sowing, the base of garlic seeds (hairy roots) is vertically inserted into the soil for 3~4 cm, so it is easy to lodging after sowing, and poor germination after sowing too deeply. The general planting density is about 1.5 cm, the spacing between plants is about 5 cm, and the top is covered with 1 cm after sowing. If you can cover the film as much as possible after planting, it will take some effort, but it is good for long garlic.
3. Rationalized water and fertilizer management
The growth and development period of single garlic is about 90 days from planting to harvesting. During this period, water and fertilizer management can be roughly divided into two stages:
The first stage is from the first watering of garlic after planting to the completion of flower bud differentiation. In the meantime, we should control water and fertilizer well. Why control water and fertilizer? In the formation of single garlic, we said that the main purpose of controlling water and fertilizer is to make the flower buds and peripheral scale buds die, and only the innermost scale buds develop to form independent garlic cloves. The main purpose of this is to improve the rate of number one leader. Garlic generally takes about 25 days from planting to flower bud differentiation. In the meantime, just apply water and fertilizer once before the garlic seeds are exhausted. That is to say, when the garlic grows 4-5 leaves, at this time, the nutrients in the garlic seed mother have been basically exhausted, and then watering and fertilization can be carried out at this time.
The second stage is from the completion of flower bud differentiation to the harvest period. After flower bud differentiation, garlic has formed, so you can safely water it. The watering time shall be subject to the ground drying, and the interval is about 10~ 15 days. Fertilizer should be added with water every time, and the amount of fertilizer should be about 5~ 10 kg. In the later stage, the amount of fertilization should be appropriately increased to promote the growth of garlic. However, it should be noted that the soil moisture should not be too much near the harvest time to facilitate storage.
In a word, flower bud differentiation is the key factor to determine the flower bud differentiation rate. Therefore, garlic farmers must pay attention to the management of flower bud differentiation period when selecting seeds. While improving the differentiation rate of flower buds, they should also pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer in the later stage, because whether the management of water and fertilizer in the later stage is proper or not directly affects the yield and quality of a garlic. It is natural to master this series of skills.