Planting techniques of osmanthus trees
First, the planting season of osmanthus is generally in spring or autumn, and it is best to choose cloudy or rainy days. Should be planted in a well-ventilated, well-drained and warmer place. After planting, it must be watered and illuminated. If it's just a transplant, it must be planted well.
Second, soil quality, osmanthus trees require acidic soil quality, and alkaline soil should be avoided; For potted osmanthus trees, it is suggested that humus soil: garden soil: sandy soil: decomposed cake fertilizer =2:3:3:2, and then potted, the best season is in spring.
Third, lighting, osmanthus trees can be cultivated in the open field, so they can directly bask in the sun, but they are very taboo to strong sunlight and shade and the environment. They like plenty of sunshine, and it is best to spend 6-8 hours every day. If the bud moves outdoors after winter, it should be placed in the leeward and sunny place to grow stably and then moved to the ventilated and sunny place. If there is insufficient light during the growing period, flower bud differentiation will be affected.
Fourth, temperature, osmanthus trees are generally suitable for subtropical climate zones. The optimum growth temperature is 14~28℃, and the lowest temperature is-13℃. If it is placed indoors in winter, it is best to keep it above 5℃, but it is best not to exceed 10℃.
Fifth, water, osmanthus trees have high requirements for water. Generally, water is poured once after new planting, and the crown of the plant is sprayed with water to keep humidity. Before the introduction of new technology, the soil must be kept moist and cannot be watered with fertilizer; In addition, osmanthus trees can not tolerate waterlogging, so they can plant some sand, which can not only prevent waterlogging, but also promote root growth.
6. Fertilization: Osmanthus fragrans is mainly fertilized with thin fertilizer and diligent application, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in early spring to promote the growth of spring shoots; Applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once in summer can promote flowers to flourish; Before winter, inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer can be applied once; During this period, you can fatten according to the specific situation. For the newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans, it must not be topdressing too early, otherwise the osmanthus fragrans tree will be unbearable.
Seventh, pruning, osmanthus trees have good germination ability and should be pruned every spring and summer. Pruning methods mainly include:
A, drainage, drainage around dense branches, clumps of branches, pests and diseases, which can improve ventilation and light transmission.
B, keep the height under the branches. Generally, the height under the branches of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5, so it is necessary to remove the sprouting branches at the base of the trunk in time.
C. Prune the top branches. Generally, the height and width of osmanthus trees planted at home are about 3.5 meters, and the rest can be cut off.
Eighth, control pests and diseases. Osmanthus fragrans has fewer pests and diseases, such as anthracnose, leaf spot, red spider, etc., and only Bordeaux wave, sulfur mixture and dichlorvos need to be used for control.
Ninth, loosen the soil and paint it white. Combining fertilization in spring and autumn can loosen the soil and weed, and painting the trunk white once before winter can enhance the cold resistance.
Propagation of osmanthus fragrans
Common propagation methods of osmanthus trees are: cutting, sowing, layering and grafting.
First, cut
Cutting is the most commonly used method for planting osmanthus trees. This technology has the advantages of high speed, high survival rate and low cost. 1 year-old spring shoots can be selected for cutting from early March to mid-April, and semi-mature branches of the same year can be selected for cutting from late June to late August. The steps are as follows:
A, selecting strong and full branches in or around the middle and upper parts of young trees as cuttings.
B, cut the branches into 10- 12 cm long, and remove the lower leaves, leaving only 3-4 upper leaves.
C, adopting soil with slight acidity, good air permeability and water retention as cutting substrate.
D, control the temperature and humidity, the optimal rooting ground temperature is 25-28℃, and the optimal relative humidity should be kept above 85%. If mold is easy to breed due to high temperature and high humidity, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl can be sprayed alternately every week for sterilization.
Second, sow.
A large number of Osmanthus fragrans seedlings can be obtained by sowing seedlings, so many breeding bases choose this method, and generally 25,000 to 30,000 Osmanthus fragrans seedlings can be cultivated per mu. Generally, osmanthus cultivated in this way is suitable for street trees, and it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of the varieties.
Third, stratification
The layering is used relatively little, mainly because the branches of osmanthus fragrans are not easy to bend, so even the layering method is adopted, and the method is as follows:
A, select 2-3-year-old branches with strong growth potential, and then girdle a circle of cortex with a width of 0.3 cm on the branches.
B. coating 100 ppm GGR6 solution on it.
C, with plastic film wrapped mountain mud, humus, moss, etc. , wrap the loop, water it, and tie the bag mouth and fix it.
D, after the cultivation in summer and autumn, new roots grow, and the branches with roots are cut off from the mother body in the next spring, and the plastic film is disassembled.
E, move the soil into a basin, water it, and maintain it in a cool place until a large number of new buds germinate and receive sufficient light.
Fourth, grafting.
Grafting generally includes two kinds, split grafting and abdominal grafting.
Splitting: cutting rootstocks from 4-6 cm above the ground, and selecting healthy branches of 1-2 years old from adult trees as scions. The thickness of the scion should match the thickness of the rootstock, the section of the scion should be smooth, the scion should be aligned with the cambium of the rootstock, and the binding should be firm.
Abdominal grafting and abdominal grafting do not need to break the anvil, but only need to bury the grafted buds directly in the water of the anvil, and then break the anvil after successful grafting.
Transplanting osmanthus trees
First, February is the best transplanting time. At this time, the trees are dormant, and soon after transplanting, their activity becomes stronger and they are easy to survive. Never transplant in summer.
Second, pruning, too many branches will consume a lot of nutrients and water, so it is necessary to prune properly.
Third, root cutting: in order to improve its survival rate, cut off the roots three times the diameter of the stump and apply low-concentration indole acetic acid solution.
4. Planting: The planting hole is 1.5-2 times of the root soil ball, and the hole is filled with mycorrhizal soil, with farmyard manure of 5- 10 kg and available phosphate fertilizer of 2 kg. When planting, use a crane to lift the big tree, gently put it into the planting hole, and then compact and water it.
Fifth, support: erect a tripod on the trunk of osmanthus tree to prevent the tree from shaking carelessly.
6. Shading shed: In the strong light season, it is necessary to build a shading shed to prevent direct light from burning itself and reduce water transpiration. It can be removed when the weather turns cold.
Osmanthus fragrans cultivars
There are four common osmanthus tree varieties;
Four-season laurel series: the biggest feature is that it blooms in four seasons, and the common varieties are "laurel" and "Japanese laurel".
Yin Gui Series: Yin Gui blooms in autumn, and the colors are pure white, milky white and yellowish white. Common varieties are "Jiulong Gui", "Zaoyingui" and "Late Yin Gui".
Jingui Tree Series: Jingui Tree, like Yin Gui Tree, also blooms in autumn, with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers. Common varieties are "Dahua Jingui", "Dayehuang" and "Late Jingui".
Dangui series: Dangui blooms in autumn with deep color. The common colors are orange yellow, orange red to vermilion, and the varieties are "Dahua Dangui" and "Zhusha Dangui".