Adzuki bean is also called adzuki bean, adzuki bean, adzuki bean and adzuki bean. English name: Red red bean. Adzuki bean is rich in starch, so it is also called "Mi Dou". Adzuki bean contains many nutrients. Every100g adzuki bean contains protein 21.7g, fat 0.8g, carbohydrate 60.7g, calcium 76mg, phosphorus 386mg, iron 4.5mg, thiamine 0.43mg, riboflavin 0.16mg and nicotinic acid 2.65438+. Adzuki bean protein has a high lysine content, so it should be mixed with grains to make bean rice or bean porridge, generally made into bean paste or used as a raw material for cakes. Li Shizhen called adzuki bean "Valley of Heart Meridian", whose functions are "promoting fluid production and diuresis, relieving bloating and stopping vomiting", and treating "diarrhea and relieving hangover, dispelling cold and heat, relieving pain and swelling, expelling pus and dispersing blood, and promoting lactation".
Chinese name adzuki bean Latin scientific name adzuki bean alias two names method of adzuki bean phylum angiospermae dicotyledonous family Leguminosae cowpea species adzuki bean distribution area China Himalayas Japan.
catalogue
1 history
2 growth environment
3 morphological characteristics
4 culture sites
Biological properties
Soil preparation and fertilization
Planting pattern
Tiantuan management
Harvest and storage
5 medical information
Six nutrients
7 main value
Therapeutic value
economic value
8 contraindications to drugs
9 chemical composition
Clinical application of 10
1 1 drug compatibility
12 common formulas
13 Literature Review
14 prescription selection
Clinical study of 15
16 adzuki bean recipe
Historical editor
China is the origin of adzuki beans. So far, there are wild and semi-wild adzuki bean varieties in the Himalayan foothills of China. Indian, Korean, Japanese and other countries also have cultivation, and China produces the most. Adzuki bean has a long history of cultivation in China. In the ancient medical book Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, there are medical books about adzuki beans. The cultivation method and utilization technology of adzuki bean are recorded in detail in the ancient agricultural book Qi Yao Min Shu. This shows that adzuki beans have been planted in China for at least 2000 years.
Growth environment editor
Adzuki bean is very adaptable. The soil requirement is not high, it is barren-resistant, clay and sand can grow, and it can be planted in Sichuan and mountainous areas. Both waterlogging and drought tolerance, late planting and early maturity, short growth period and simple cultivation techniques can be used as supplementary crops. General hole sowing, row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing 16cm, 4-5 seeds per hole, sowing amount per mu1.5-2.5 kg, growth period of about 100 days, sowing in spring and summer, pure propagation and interplanting. Average yield per mu150 ~ 250kg. Northern Shaanxi has a semi-arid climate with a frost-free period of about 165 days. The soil belongs to loessial soil, with loose soil and deep soil layer, which is beneficial to seed germination, seedling emergence and root growth. The annual average temperature is 9.7℃, the effective accumulated temperature is 3499.2℃≥ 10℃, and the days of passing through 10℃ are about 176 days. The annual sunshine hours are 26 15 hours; The annual precipitation is about 480 mm, mostly concentrated in midsummer. The precipitation from June to September is 352 mm, accounting for 73% of the annual precipitation. It is rainy and hot in the same season. June-September is the peak period of adzuki bean growth. Natural conditions are extremely favorable for adzuki bean crops to accumulate starch and protein, and keep the particles bright red, which creates good conditions for their growth and development.
Morphological feature editing
Adzuki bean belongs to Leguminosae, Phaseolus and Panicum. The main root does not send
red bean shrub
red bean shrub
Da, the lateral root is slender, the plant height is 80 ~ 100 cm, and there are erect tufted type, semi-creeping type and creeping winding type. A leaf is a compound leaf composed of three leaflets. Leaflets with round heads or sword heads. Pedicels grow in the axils of leaves, and several flowers grow at the top of pedicels, which are self-pollinating crops. The flowers are small, yellow or light gray, and the keel is spiral. Each pedicel bears 1 ~ 5 pods, the pod length is 7 ~ 16 cm, and 4 ~ 18 oval or oblong seeds are wrapped in the pod. Seeds are mostly reddish brown, but there are also black, gray, white, green and light yellow. 1000-grain weight is 50 ~ 2 10g, and most of them are zuoshi 130g.
Annual erect herb, up to 90 cm high. There are obvious long bristles on the stem. Three compound leaves alternate; The terminal leaflet is ovate, 5 ~ 10 cm long and 2 ~ 5 cm wide, the apex is acuminate, the lateral leaflets are oblique, whole or 3-lobed, and both sides are sparsely white pilose; Stipules ovate. Racemes axillary; Calyx 5-lobed; Corolla butterfly-shaped, yellow, flag petal short claw, keel petal upper curl; Stamens 10, dimorphic. The pod is cylindrical and 5 ~ 8 cm long. 6 ~ 8 seeds. Flowering period 6
red bean shrub
red bean shrub
~ July, and the fruiting period is July ~ August.
It is widely planted all over the country. Location: Jilin, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Guangdong and Sichuan.
When the pods mature and don't crack in autumn, pull out the whole plant, dry it in the sun and sow the seeds.
Trait seeds are oblong, flat at both ends, 5 ~ 7 mm long and 4 ~ 6 mm in diameter. The surface is dark red and shiny, and there is a white linear hilum on the side, about 4mm long and not prominent. The two cotyledons are thick and milky white.
Chemical components include α-and β-globin, fatty acid, nicotinic acid, sugar, vitamin A 1. B 1。 B2, phytosterols, triterpenoid saponins, etc.
The taste is plain, sweet and sour.
Function: diuresis, detumescence, detoxification and pus discharge. Can be used for treating edema, beriberi edema, jaundice, hematuria, rheumatic fever, carbuncle swelling, soreness, carbuncle swelling and abdominal pain.
Different from red bean, adzuki bean is the seed of Leguminosae adzuki bean, but it has another name of red bean. Red beans are the seeds of Lygodium japonicum and peacock beans, so people often mistake them for the same thing. Adzuki bean is slender, with smaller particles than red bean, which is cylindrical and has a dark brown-red surface.
Different names include bean (Daily Chemical Herbal Medicine), red bean (Herbal Medicine), red bean (Primitive Herbal Medicine), red mung bean, ticking thumb bean (Luchuan Herbal Medicine), Zhu Chidou (Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine), Jin Hongdu and Zhu Xiaodou (Pharmacology).
Red bean porridge
Red bean porridge
plant morphology
① Red beans, also known as pork liver red (Ben Feng Jingyuan), Du red beans (Bian Du in herbal medicine), Millet red beans, Mao Chai red and Millet red.
Annual semi-climbing herb. The stem length can reach1.8m, and it is hairy. 3 compound leaves, petiole 8 ~ 16 cm long; Stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; 3 leaflets, lanceolate, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 6 6- 10/0cm long, 2-6cm wide, tapering at the apex, triangular or suborbicular at the base, whole or 3-lobed, glabrous on both sides, only sparsely hairy on veins, papery, with 3 veins and stalks. Racemes axillary, with many very short petioles in Kobanawa; Bracts 2, lanceolate and linear, about 5 mm long, hairy; Calyx short-campanulate, calyx teeth 5; Corolla butterfly-shaped, yellow, flag petal kidney-shaped, slightly concave at the center of the top surface, heart-shaped at the base, oblique oval wing petal, sharp claws at the base, long and narrow keel petal with horns.
red bean shrub
red bean shrub
Irregular protuberance; Stamens 10, dimorphic, anthers small; Ovary superior, densely hirsute, style linear. Pods are linear and oblate; 6 ~ 10 seed, dark purple, oblong, rounded at both ends, straight concave hilum. The flowering period is from May to August. The fruiting period is August-September.
Cultivated or wild. Distributed in the suburbs of Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Shanghai.
② Red beans, also known as red Mi Dou.
Annual erect herb, 30 ~ 90 cm high. There are bristles on the stem. 3 compound leaves; Stipules linear, white villous; Leaflets ovate to rhomboid-ovate, 5 ~ 10 cm long and 3.5 ~ 7 cm wide, with mucronate or acuminate apex, triangular or nearly round base, entire or extremely shallow 3-lobed, and both surfaces are sparsely hairy. 2 ~ 6 flowers, inserted at the top of axillary total pedicel; Iris, the shape is the same as the previous one; Pods oblate and cylindrical, shrinking between seeds, glabrous; 6 ~ 10 seed, dark red, oblong, truncated or round at both ends, and the hilum is not concave. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is July-August.
Widely planted all over the country.
The leaves (adzuki bean leaves), flowers (adzuki bean) and germinated seeds (adzuki bean sprouts) of the above two plants are also used as medicine, and each has its own detailed articles.