(1) Magnesium sulfate solution can inhibit the central nervous system, relax skeletal muscles, with sedation, anti-spasmodic, as well as reduce intracranial pressure and other effects. Commonly used in the treatment of convulsions, eclampsia, uremia, tetanus and hypertensive encephalopathy. Mostly 10% magnesium sulfate 10 ml deep intramuscular injection or 5% dextrose diluted into 2% ~ 2.5% of the solution slowly drip. However, it should be noted that direct intravenous injection or large doses of intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate is very dangerous, generally 25% magnesium sulfate can be used at most 15 ml each time. When using should pay attention to observe the patient's respiration and blood pressure, knee reflex retardation is an important sign of magnesium ion sufficiency.
(2) oral magnesium sulfate solution in the intestinal tract absorption is very little, oral magnesium sulfate has a good diarrhea function, so magnesium sulfate is also called laxative salt. Oral magnesium sulfate aqueous solution reaches the intestinal lumen with a certain osmotic pressure, so that the water in the intestine is not absorbed by the intestinal wall. The intestines retain a large amount of water, which can mechanically stimulate intestinal peristalsis and defecation. Therefore, magnesium sulfate can be used for the treatment of constipation, abnormal fermentation in the intestines; used in conjunction with anthelmintics, it can make the intestinal worms easy to be discharged. You can dissolve 5-20 grams of magnesium sulfate in 100-400 milliliters of warm water each time and take it orally once in the early morning.
(3) The effect on the cardiovascular system, injection administration, excess magnesium ions can directly dilate the peripheral vascular smooth muscle, causing sympathetic ganglion transmission disorders, thus vasodilatation, blood pressure drop. Intramuscular injection of 1G grams at a time, 10% solution, 10 ml each time; intravenous drip, 1-2.5 grams at a time, will be 25% solution 10 ml diluted with 5% dextrose into 1% concentration of slow injection.
(4) Magnesium sulfate solution can stimulate the duodenal mucosa, reflexively cause the sphincter of the common bile duct to relax, gallbladder contraction, thus promoting the emptying of the gallbladder, the efficacy of bile. It can be used in the treatment of cholecystitis cholelithiasis, 2 to 5 grams each time, 3 times a day, before meals or between meals orally.
(5) Magnesium sulfate solution relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibiting cellular uptake of calcium, which helps relieve symptoms in critical asthma. Drug dosage: 25-40mg/(kg-d) (maximum 2g/d) in 1 or 2 divided doses, added to 20ml of 10% glucose solution for slow intravenous drip (more than 20 minutes), used for 1 to 3 days as appropriate.
(6) Magnesium ions can directly inhibit uterine smooth muscle, can treat preterm labor. Magnesium sulfate intravenous injection and drip, the first 4 grams, dissolved in 25% dextrose 20 ml over 5 minutes of slow injection, and later 25% magnesium sulfate 60 ml, plus 5% dextrose 1000 ml intravenous drip, 2 grams per hour until 2 hours after the contractions stop.
(7) Magnesium has many physiologic functions similar to potassium. Because the clinical manifestations of magnesium deficiency are similar to those of potassium deficiency, magnesium deficiency is often easily overlooked. In potassium deficiency after potassium supplementation and the symptoms still do not improve, should first consider the possibility of magnesium deficiency, so that hypomagnesemia can be corrected in a timely manner. Therefore, patients with long-term infusion should pay attention to magnesium supplementation at the same time of potassium supplementation. Daily infusion with 1 gram of magnesium sulfate can prevent the occurrence of hypomagnesemia.