1. Tips for reading ancient Chinese ~ ~ `` ~ (1) Extensive reading.

Extensive reading means extensive reading, which covers all aspects of knowledge and general knowledge. We should not only read books on natural science, but also books on social science. Excellent works of different styles in ancient and modern China and foreign countries should be widely read, learn from others' strengths and innovate. When Marx wrote Das Kapital, he studied 1500 kinds of books, and collected a lot of quasi-E69DA5E887AAE79FA5E981333236393064 materials through reading.

(2) Intensive reading

Zhu said in "The Essentials of Reading": "Generally speaking, when reading, you must read carefully first, so that everything comes from my mouth; After careful consideration, I can make my words come from the heart, and then I can save myself. " The "close reading and careful thinking" here is intensive reading. In other words, it is necessary to read and think carefully, ponder and study repeatedly, and analyze and evaluate at the same time, so as to understand thoroughly, understand the heart and absorb the essence. Books and masterpieces of this major should adopt this method. Only by careful study and careful chewing can the article be "dug, researched and refined". It can be said that intensive reading is the most important reading method.

(3) Read through

That is, read the books, newspapers and magazines from beginning to end and have a general view, aiming at understanding, reading through and understanding the whole picture, so as to obtain a complete impression and obtain the effect of "bird's eye view and panorama". This method can be used for more important books, newspapers and magazines.

(4) Skip reading

This is a skipping reading method. You can put aside the irrelevant content in the book, grasp the bones and muscles of the book, and focus on the views of each paragraph. Sometimes when you encounter a problem in reading and you can't figure it out after repeated thinking, you can skip it and continue reading backwards.

(5) Fast reading

This is a fast reading method, that is, Tao Yuanming advocated "good reading, not asking for very much." You can use the suggested scanning method to browse the article quickly and only understand the general idea of the article. This method can speed up reading and expand reading volume, and is suitable for reading similar books or reference books.

(6) Skimming

This is a rough reading method. When reading, you can just flip through it and get a general understanding; You can also grasp the key sentences of comments, find out the main points, and understand the main facts or typical examples. This part of the content is often at the beginning or end of the article, and you can get a general understanding by paying attention to the title, introduction or end to achieve the purpose of reading.

(7) Read it again

Valuable books and magazines should not be read only once, but should be studied repeatedly, so as to "review the old and learn the new" Voltaire, a famous thinker and writer, thinks that "rereading old books is like reunion of old friends". Repetition is the mother of learning. Repetitive learning is conducive to deepening the understanding of knowledge and is an enhancer for deepening memory.

(8) Writing and reading

The ancients said, "Don't read without moving pen and ink", and there was also a saying that "a good memory is not as good as a bad pen". The combination of reading with doing excerpts, remembering experiences and writing articles can not only accumulate a lot of materials, but also effectively improve the writing level, enhance reading ability and transform knowledge into skills and skills.

(9) Preface reading

Before reading, you can read the preface and examples, understand the outline of the content, make clear the procedure and purpose of writing a book, and read it with guidance. After reading it, you can read the preface and examples again to deepen your understanding and consolidate your improvement.

(10) Selected reading

Is to have a choice when reading. Throughout the ages, human cultural treasures are extremely rich. After all, a person's energy is limited. If you don't choose, you won't have a good result if you grab your eyebrows and beard. You can choose a targeted bibliography to read according to your own situation, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.

However, it is suggested that it is best to accept the training of "speed reading method", which is very scientific and systematic.

2. The content of the classical Chinese "Reading" Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning" is that the gentleman said: You can't learn.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. The wood in the middle of the rope is straight, and the raft (which should be "car" on the left, the original word is obsolete) is considered as a wheel, and its curve is in the middle of the gauge.

Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.

So, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know the height of the sky. Don't face the deep stream, I don't know the thickness of the ground; I didn't know the greatness of learning until I heard the last words of my late king. The sons of Gan, Yue, Yi and Xun were born in unison, long and different, and naturally educated.

Yue: "Well, gentlemen, there is no constant rest. Jing * * *, good is integrity.

Listen to God and you will be blessed. "God is greater than Tao, and joy is greater than harmlessness.

Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious.

Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.

In the south, there is a bird named Meng Dui, whose nest is feathers, whose hair is woven and whose reed is tied. When the wind breaks, the egg broken child dies. The nest is endless, but so are the people connected with it.

There is a kind of wood in the west called Shegan. Its stem is four inches long, and it was born on a high mountain. However, in the abyss, the wooden pole can't grow out, but it stands naturally. In the bitter fleabane bitter fleabane, I can't bear to go straight; White sand is nirvana, and it is black.

Lan Huaigen is a cheese, but he grows up, and the gentleman is not close, so he refuses to accept it. Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual.

Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be a scholar when he travels. Therefore, we must also guard against evil and righteousness. Everything has a beginning and an end.

When honor or disgrace comes, it will be like virtue. Meat rots into adults, and fish withers into moths.

Ignoring and forgetting your body is a disaster. Strong cultivation, soft cultivation.

Evil is in the body, and resentment is in the structure. Wages are the same, the fire is dry, the ground is the same, and the water is wet.

Vegetation is born, birds and animals are numerous, and things are human beings. Is a piece of nature, bows and arrows are very important; Lin, and the axe is heavy; Trees provide shade, but birds rest.

Acyl acid, but Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Therefore, words are troublesome, actions are humiliating, and gentlemen are cautious about words! Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared.

Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu.

Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts.

The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. Therefore, people with ulterior motives have no bright future; He made much ado about nothing, which has nothing to do with hehe.

Those who follow the right path will not come, and those who follow the right path will not allow it. Eyes can't see, ears can't hear.

The viper flies without feet, and the mouse is poor in five skills. "Poetry" said: "The corpse dove is in Sang, and her son is seven.

A good gentleman with noble character is always a polite person. Its clumsy, heart knot! "So the gentleman with a also.

I used to play drums, but the fish flowed out to listen; Boya Guqin, while Liu Ma raises Yuan. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not hidden but not shaped.

Jade is moist in the mountains, pearls are born in the deep, and cliffs are not withered. Do good without accumulating evil? Did anyone not hear? Learn evil from scratch? Evil in the end? Yue: its number begins with chanting and ends with reading ceremony; Its significance begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter, and if you learn, you will stop.

Therefore, there is an end to the number of students. If it is just, it cannot be abandoned for a moment. For it, people are also; Give up, so do animals.

Therefore, this book is the discipline of political affairs; Poet, the stop of the middle voice; Etiquette, the main points of law, class discipline. Therefore, learning must stop at ceremony.

Husband is called the extreme of morality. The respect of ceremony, the harmony of music, the abundance of poetry and books, the micro-spring and autumn, between heaven and earth.

The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the dynamic shape. Finally, as long as you move, you can become law.

The knowledge of villains is also heard, not spoken; Between the mouth and ears, four inches, seven feet of beauty! Ancient scholars were themselves, and today's scholars are people. The study of a gentleman is also for beauty; Little people learn that birds are calves.

Therefore, if you don't ask, you will be proud of it, and if you ask, you will be proud of it. Proud, no, ooh, no; A gentleman is like a man.

Learn not to be close to others. Rites and music are not mentioned, poetry and books are not cut, and the Spring and Autumn Period is unhappy.

If you learn from a gentleman, you will respect him all over the world. Therefore, learning ink is almost close to people.

Learning classics is not as fast as learning good people, followed by long rituals. You can't be a good person in the world, and you can't be a gift in the next life. Ante can learn miscellaneous knowledge, poetry and books.

Then, in the last poor years, it is inevitable that there will be rude Confucianism. The original king, benevolence and righteousness, then courtesy is in its latitude and longitude.

If you pat your collar with five fingers, there will be countless followers. If you don't respect the constitution, take the poetry book as an example, and refer to the river, the millet and the cone-shaped rice pot, you can't get it.

Therefore, although Longli is unknown, he is also a lawyer; If you don't give a long gift, you will scatter Confucianism, although you will argue. If you ask, don't sue; Don't ask if you told anyone; Don't listen to those who talk.

Don't argue with people who live up to expectations. Therefore, we should learn from it and then pick it up; Avoid it unless it is the way.

Therefore, return the courtesy before you can talk to the parties; Words are fluent, and then words and deeds can be consistent and justified; Therefore, color can be followed by words and actions. Therefore, it cannot be said in words that this is pride; Can have nothing to say, that is hidden; In terms of color, it is called sorrow.

Therefore, a gentleman is not proud, not hiding, not jealous, let nature take its course. The poem says, "The son of heaven gave me comfort from bandits."

This is also called. One shot in every shot is not good enough to shoot; A thousand miles is not enough, and good is not enough; Learning badly is because ethics has nothing to do with human nature.

Those who learn well will learn well. Once in the way, once in the way, the person who draws the lane is also; There are fewer good people, more bad people, and stealing feet. All the people, and scholars.

A gentleman knows that her husband is not perfect and can't think of beauty, so he recites it consistently and thinks it over, so as to treat others and educate people. Make eyes have no desire to see, ears have no desire to listen, mouth has nothing to say, and heart has nothing to worry about.

When you are good at time, your eyes are good with five colors, your ears are good with five tones, your mouth is good with five flavors, and your heart benefits the world. Therefore, rights cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken.

Life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue. Fuck, then you decide, then you decide, then you respond.

A husband is an adult if he can handle it. The sky sees its light and the earth sees its light, and the gentleman values all this.

3. The classical Chinese text about reading comes from Wang Mian and Zhuji.

When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle (1), steal (2) the school house and listen to the students' endorsements; After listening, (3) recite it. Going home at dusk, forgetting the cow, my father is angry (4).

As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid, why don't you listen to what he does?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple.

Night diving (6) sitting on the Buddha's lap, holding the strategy (7) and reflecting the ever-burning lamp to read it, Lang Lang Da Dan (8). Buddha statues are all clay figures, and their faces are hideous (9), crowned with children, if Tian (10) doesn't know.

Note (1) Grazing: Grazing livestock. (2) Stealing: sneaking around, sneaking around.

(3) do something: always (often), just. (4) Tart: Hit people with whips, sticks, etc.

(5) Hey: Why? (6) Stealth: furtive, quietly.

(7) implementation: holding a book. (8) Da Dan: In the morning, until dawn.

(9) hideous and horrible: ferocious and horrible, (10): Tian: look safe and indifferent. Wang Mian is from Zhuji County.

When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently.

When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating.

After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" From then on, Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple.

At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening.

Child as Wang Mian is, he looks very safe, as if he has never seen it. At the age of two, Sun Xin knew Ouyang Wenzhong, and he tried to ask him in words. As a cloud, there is no other way (⑤) but to study hard and do more and work hard by yourself.

The world suffers from writing less, being lazy to read, and publishing another one, that is, begging others, so few people stand out. There is no need to criticize others, do more. "

This attempt to publicly accuse people is particularly interesting. [Note] ① This article is selected from Su Shi's Dongpo Zhi Lin.

② Age: the beginning of the year ③ Ouyang Wenzhong Gong: refers to Ouyang Xiu, Wenzhong is his posthumous title, and Gong is a respectful name ④ Taking the opportunity ⑤ Operation: Method ⑤ Work: Being good at ⑤ Success; 8 defects: shortcomings 9 accusations: pointing out mistakes. At the beginning of a certain year, Sun Xin met Ouyang Xiu and took the opportunity to ask him about writing an article.

Ouyang Xiu said: "There is no other way. Only by studying hard and writing articles often, you will naturally make progress; " The problem of the average person in the world is that there are few opportunities to practice calligraphy and they are too lazy to read books. Moreover, after an article is written, it is required to surpass others immediately and rarely succeed. The shortcomings of the article do not need to be pointed out by others, but can be found by more practice. "

Ouyang Xiu tells others about his experience in writing articles, so it is particularly meaningful. Study hard and write more articles to improve the quality of articles. There is no other way.

Su Dongpo, a great literary master, has a great talent and enjoys a good reputation in ancient and modern times. He can also attach so much importance to the successful experience of others and take it as a lesson, which shows that he is rigorous and diligent in his studies. From this, it gives us a great lesson: the quality of the article is closely related to the laziness of reading and the number of practicing pens.

Lu Youren, Su Zimei, has a wild personality and likes to drink. At Uncle Du Qigong's house, I study at the speed of a bucket every night.

The public is deeply suspicious of this, which makes the children's secrets. I read the biography of Zhang Hanliang until "Liang and the guest attacked Qin" and accidentally got into the bus. He clapped his hands and said, "What a pity! I missed it. "

Then drink a big mouthful of white. Read it again until "Liang said,' I started to go down and I stayed at the meeting. I will give it to your majesty today.

""Then he said, "It's hard to meet the monarch and the minister." Give me another big picture.

When the public heard this, they all laughed and said, "With this wine, there are not too many fights." Su Zimei is an uninhibited person who likes to drink.

When he was in the home of his father-in-law, Du Qigong, he read every day (he drank while reading) to the limit of drinking a bucket. Du Qigong was deeply suspicious and sent his younger generation to secretly inspect.

Are you listening to Mei read Han Shu? Zhang Liangchuan, (when he) read that Sean and the assassin attacked Qin Shihuang, and the big iron cone thrown by the assassin only hit Qin Shihuang's auxiliary car (this paragraph). He suddenly clapped his hands and said, "What a pity! Missed it. "

So he drank a large glass of wine I also saw Sean say, "Since the Xiapi uprising, I met the emperor in Chenliu, and God sent me to see your majesty."

(Su Zimei) struck the table again and said, "It's hard to meet the monarch and the minister." Have another big glass (of wine).

Du Qigong laughed and said, "It's not too much to drink like this." .

4. Full-text translation of Reading III in classical Chinese.

Be sure to read the original carefully before reading, so that everything comes from my mouth. After careful consideration, make its meaning come from the heart, and then you can get it. As for the doubts about the meaning of the text, if you have different opinions, you should also consider it with an open mind and don't hesitate to choose. What is particularly unreasonable is to make a self-evident statement and let it mean, so as to test it. Don't wait for him to say anything, just let him outsmart himself. It is self-contradictory to cross-examine each other by public opinion and seek their reasonable protection to test their right and wrong, and it will also be pulled away from public opinion and not established. A large rate of Xu Xing stood, moving in silence, such as attacking wood, the first relaxed and then the program; If the rope is untied, if it doesn't make sense, it will be left alone, as Xu Lizhi will do. So is this reading method.

When reading a book, you must clean up several cases, put the books in order, stand up straight, read the books carefully and clearly. Every word, every word, every word, every word, every word, every word, every word, no rote memorization, just repeated recitation, naturally catchy and unforgettable. The ancients said, "Read it a thousand times and you will know its meaning." If you read well, you don't need to explain, you know what it means. I have learned three times, that is, heart, eyes and mouth. If the heart is not here, the eyes will not look at the child carefully, and the heart will not be single-minded. It will only read aloud, which will never be remembered and will not last long. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, won't the eyes be there?

All reading should be familiar with it first, so that everything in it seems to come from my mouth. Think about it further and make its meaning seem to come from what I think in my heart, then I can learn something. As for those who have doubts about the meaning of the article, everyone's comments are confusing, so you should calm down and think carefully, and don't rush to choose. First, list one of them separately and state it, and follow the ideas of the article to verify the smoothness and blockage of its ideas. Then those who have no obvious meaning and reason will automatically give in before comparing with other theories. Then cross-examine and refute each other's remarks, and then seek the soundness of its truth to verify its correctness or error. What seems to be right or wrong will also be denied by the public and cannot be established. Generally speaking, stop and look at it slowly, deal with it statically and observe it dynamically. If you attack hardwood, attack its easy place first and then its key point; It's like unwinding a tangled rope. If something doesn't make sense, just leave it there for the time being and deal with it slowly. This is the way of reading.

When reading, we should first tidy up the desk for reading, make it clean and stable, put the books neatly on the desk, let the body sit up straight, face the books, read the words on the books carefully and calmly, and read the articles carefully and clearly. Every word you want to read is loud and clear. You can't mispronounce a word, read one less word, read one more word, read one word backwards, or just memorize it. Read it a few times and it will come out naturally, even if it takes a long time. The ancients said, "When a book is read many times, its meaning naturally emerges." In other words, if you read the book well, you will naturally understand its meaning without relying on others to explain it. I once said: there are three kinds of reading, called heart to heart, eye to eye and mouth to mouth. If the heart is not in the book, then the eyes will not read it carefully. Since the heart and eyes are not absorbed wholeheartedly, they just look at it casually, which is definitely unforgettable, even if they remember it, it will not last long. Of the three, the heart is the most important. The heart is here, can't the eye buckle reach it?

The original text is the one above.

Please adopt it.

5. Ancient prose about reading 1, "Encouraging Learning" Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing.

Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read.

Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young.

Midnight is the best time for boys to study every day. When I was a teenager, I only knew how to play and didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted why I didn't know how to study hard when I was young.

2. "Reading on a Winter Night" Song: Lu You

The ancients learned nothing, and it takes time to grow old.

What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.

The ancients spared no effort in learning, worked hard when they were young, and achieved nothing when they were old. After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to know things thoroughly, you must practice it yourself.

3. "Two Poems of Bailudong" Part I Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhenbai.

Concentrate on reading, I know that spring has passed, and every inch of time is as precious as an inch of gold.

It is not Taoism that mocks, but the teachings of Duke Zhou are devoted to the study of Confucius.

Concentrate on reading, before you know it, it's late spring. An inch of time is an inch of gold. If the Taoist priest hadn't come to laugh, he would still be studying the essence and teachings of Duke Zhou and Confucius.

4, "Chuan Huan Xi Sha, get sick, there are two temples" Song Dynasty: Li Qingzhao

The sideburns have gradually become sparse, with white hair, lying in bed, looking at the waning moon on the window screen. Boil cardamom into boiling soup, and you don't have to eat it in the spirit of tea.

How easy it is to read with a pillow, and the scenery is better before the rain. Accompany me all day, only the deep and reserved osmanthus.

My temples are sparse, and then I have white hair. I lay in bed and watched the waning moon shine on the window screen. Stir-fry cardamom into boiling soup, and you don't have to force yourself to share tea when you eat it.

Reading on the pillow is more leisurely, and the scenery in front of the door is better in the rain. Accompany me all day, only the deep and subtle osmanthus.

5. "Bai Xueshi's Cabin" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu

Siming lost his official position in the An-Shi War, and often consulted the imperial administration, and all the people with him were the imperial history. He built a hut on the steep blue mountain and lived in seclusion.

The ancients have used the ruler for three winters, and now it has opened more than 10,000 volumes.

Outside the hut, Xiangyun, like a car cover, gathered together closely and followed the path like a flood.

Since ancient times, glory and wealth must come from diligence, and knowledgeable people should read a group of books like cypress trees to seek fame.

The Anshi Rebellion made Bai Xueshi lose his official position. In the past, he often participated in state affairs and spoke frankly. He built a hut on the steep blue mountain and lived in seclusion here. But he still studied as hard as Dong Fangshuo, a writer in the Han Dynasty. Although he is very young, he is very successful in his studies.

Looking at the outdoor hut, Xiangyun gathered as dense as a car cover, and the autumn water flowed along the road as fast as the flood burst its banks. Since ancient times, wealth must be obtained through hard work, and people of insight should read as widely as Bai Xueshi to become famous.

6. Classical Chinese translation The original text of Chu Tan Ji in Liaoyuan was lonely. When I was a few years old, I cried in the bookstore. The teacher said, "Why is the boy crying?" Words: "The lonely are vulnerable, and the poor are vulnerable. People who write books, scholars and relatives. First, I hope he is not lonely, and second, I hope he studies, and the center is sad, so he cries. " The teacher said sadly, "I want to study!" " Words: "No money." The teacher said, "If the boy is ambitious, I will teach him for free." So I wrote a book. In winter, I recited the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius. Ethan lost his father when he was young. When he was a few years old, he passed the bookstore and couldn't help crying. The teacher in the bookstore asked him, "Why do children cry?" Li Yuan replied: "Orphans are easy to grieve, and the poor are easy to grieve. Those who learn and can learn must be children with parents. I envy that they are not alone and that they can go to school. I feel sad inside, so I cry. The teacher said piteously, "Come if you want to study!" "Tang gaozu entered the school and studied very hard. One winter, I became familiar with The Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius. Bookstore teachers are good at finding plastic surgeons, and they are kind-hearted and compassionate. Source of learning power: the spirit of pursuing learning rights, cherishing learning opportunities and studying diligently.