Drugs for treating coronary heart disease mainly include:
1, nitrate preparation: commonly used drugs are nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate. Angina pectoris can be taken sublingually to relieve discomfort such as angina pectoris, and can also be given intravenously when it occurs repeatedly. Medication should strictly follow the doctor's advice and be quantified regularly to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance. Pay attention to possible adverse reactions such as headache, flushing, accelerated heart rate reflex and hypotension.
2. Antithrombotic drugs: These drugs can reduce the adhesion and aggregation of platelets, thus preventing thrombosis and avoiding the continued development of vascular obstructive diseases. The most commonly used oral drugs are aspirin and clopidogrel. Aspirin may cause gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort or pain, and long-term or large doses may also lead to gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.
3. Beta-blockers: Commonly used drugs are metoprolol and bisoprolol. It can slow down heart rate, weaken myocardial contractility and lower blood pressure, thus reducing angina pectoris and increasing exercise tolerance. However, it should be noted that patients with severe bradycardia, high atrioventricular block, sinus node dysfunction, obvious bronchospasm or bronchial asthma are prohibited.
4, calcium channel blockers: commonly used drugs are verapamil, diltiazem? Nifedipine, amlodipine, etc. These drugs can improve myocardial ischemia and reduce cardiac load, which is more suitable for patients with hypertension, but not recommended for patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Side effects include peripheral edema, constipation, palpitation, facial flushing, headache, dizziness and fatigue.
5. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: Commonly used drugs such as captopril and enalapril can reduce the incidence of critical events such as cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction and improve the prognosis.
6. Lipid-regulating drugs: suitable for all patients with coronary heart disease to maintain normal blood lipid levels. Statins, fibrates and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are commonly used. Statins, including lovastatin and simvastatin, can cause myopathy, adverse liver reaction, gastrointestinal reaction, skin flushing, headache and other side effects. Bate drugs include clofibrate and zabiti, which can cause gastrointestinal reactions such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor is mainly ezetimibe.
7. Other drugs: If you are contraindicated or intolerant to β-blockers or calcium antagonists, or the symptoms cannot be controlled after treatment, you can use drugs such as trimetazidine, nicorandil, ivabradine hydrochloride and ranolazine as appropriate to improve heart function and relieve angina pectoris.
Patients with severe coronary heart disease can also be treated with interventional therapy or surgery, including angioplasty, stent implantation and coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients should also actively treat other chronic cardiovascular diseases and control blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar to reach the standard. Usually, the diet should be light, quit smoking and limit alcohol, combine work and rest, reduce mental burden and maintain appropriate physical activity. If you suddenly have symptoms such as upper abdominal or chest pain, chest tightness, palpitation and shortness of breath, you must seek medical advice in time and check regularly according to your doctor's advice to understand the development of the disease.