The city of Kaifeng was built nearly 3,000 years ago. The present Kaifeng city wall is the city of Kaifeng Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty and the city of Henan Province before liberation. It is the largest surviving ancient city wall building in Henan Province, and is also the famous ancient city of Zhongzhou, which is the second largest ancient city wall building in China after the Nanjing City Wall. It is rumored that more than 2,000 years ago, Bi Gonggao, the son of King Wen of Zhou, once built a city here. The name "Kaifeng" began in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was named after Duke Zhuang of Zheng who took the meaning of "opening up the frontier". During the Warring States period, King Hui of Wei moved the capital of his country here and named it "Da Liang". In the Five Dynasties, Emperor Taizu of Liang built the capital of Kaifeng and renamed it "Dongdu". Later Han Dynasty, Later Zhou Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty were all called "Tokyo Kaifengfu". After the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty by Jin, Tokyo was renamed as "Bianjing". During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Kaifeng was also called "Bianliang" and "Beijing". Therefore, Kaifeng is known as the ancient capital of seven dynasties.
Kaifeng is located in the east of central Henan Province, at the tip of the Yellow River Alluvial Fan Plain. It is bordered by Shangqiu area in the east, Zhengzhou city, the provincial capital, in the west, Xuchang city and Zhoukou area in the south, and the Yellow River in the north, which is across the river from the Central Plains oil field. The total area is 6444 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 362 square kilometers.
There were human activities around Kaifeng as far back as the early Neolithic era. Xia Dynasty (21st century BC to the 16th century BC), Xia seventh emperor loom moved the capital in Laoqiu (about 22 kilometers east of today's Kaifeng City), to the 12th Yin, after six generations of about 157 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period, from 743 to 701 B.C., Duke Zhuang of Zheng built the city of Qifeng in Gucheng Village, Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng City. During the Warring States period, in 364 BC, King Hui of Wei moved his capital from Xiayi in Shanxian to the present site of Kaifeng City, which was then called Daliang. In 225 B.C., Qin destroyed Wei and set up Dang County, and established two counties of Joon Yi (Daliang) and Qifeng. In the first year of Emperor Jingdi of the two Han Dynasty (156 BC), Kaifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County to avoid the taboo of Liu Qi, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty. The Eastern Wei Dynasty set up Liang Prefecture in Kaifeng. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, Liang Prefecture was changed to Bian Prefecture. In 712 A.D., Kaifeng County was moved to Bianzhou City with Jinyi County. In 907 A.D., Houliang established Kaifeng as its capital and elevated Bianzhou to Kaifeng Prefecture, which was called the Eastern Capital. Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Later Zhou Dynasty built Kaifeng as their capital. In 938 AD, Kaifeng was called Tokyo. In 960 A.D., Zhao Kuangyin, a general in the army of the Later Zhou Dynasty, staged the Chenqiao Mutiny, established the capital of Kaifeng and founded the Northern Song Dynasty. With a population of 1.5 million, Kaifeng was not only the economic, political and cultural center of the country, but also an international metropolis where "all countries were connected". In 1126 A.D., Jin Dynasty captured Kaifeng and changed Kaifeng to Bianjing. The Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng in 1214 AD. In 1291, the Henan Province was established in Kaifeng. In the 11th year of Ming Dynasty (1378), Zhu Yuanzhang appointed his fifth son, Zhu Di, as the King of Zhou to be the feudal lord of Kaifeng. During the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng's economy flourished, and it was called "the thoroughfare of eight provinces" and "as powerful as two capitals". In 1642 A.D., Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, and the Ming army opened up the Yellow River, destroying Kaifeng City, which had 370,000 people in it, with only 30,000 left. In the Qing Dynasty, Kaifengfu was set up, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Kaifeng was opened as a commercial port, and the national capital industry emerged, and factories of machinery, weapons, flour, matches and tobacco were founded successively. During the Republic of China, Kaifeng was the capital of Henan Province.
October 24, 1948 Kaifeng liberation, November 6 of the same year, the establishment of Kaifeng Special City People's Democratic Municipal Government, December 23, renamed Kaifeng City People's Democratic Municipal Government. Kaifeng has a long history and many famous people, such as Cai Yong, Cai Wenji, Cai Mo, Ruan Ji, Cui Hao, Zhong Sucheng, Wang Yanxiang and so on. Here low-lying, many lakes, known as the "Northern Water City", many attractions, to the Iron Pagoda, Long Pavilion, Xiangguo Temple, Fan Pagoda, Yanqing Guan, Yuwangtai, Bao Gong Shrine, Zhuxianzhen Yue Fei Temple and so on for the most famous.
Kaifeng is located in the east Henan Plain, the south wing of the large alluvial fan of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and belongs to the warm-temperate continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, plenty of sunshine, a mild climate and moderate rainfall. The average annual temperature is between 14.24°C and 14.50°C, the frost-free period is 213-215 days, the average annual rainfall is 670 millimeters, and the forest coverage is higher than the national average. The best time to visit Kaifeng is during September and October, when the weather is mild, the precipitation is moderate, and you can view the chrysanthemums in full bloom.
Kaifeng, anciently known as Daliang, also known as Bianliang, is located in the east of central Henan Province, bordering the Yellow River in the north, with the Longhai Railway running across the southern part of the city, making transportation convenient. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Zhuang of Zheng "opened up the sealed city" and called it Kaifeng. Later on, during the Warring States period, Wei, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, after Liang, after Jin, after Han, after Zhou and the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as the latter part of the Jin Dynasty, all built their capitals here, which is known as the "capital of the Ten Dynasties".
When King Hui of Wei moved the capital to Daliang, in the fifth year of Marquis Wu of Wei (391 BC), Wei defeated Chu in the area of Daliang and Yuguan, and occupied Daliang, which was growing in strength. In order to fight for the central plains, King Hui of Wei moved the capital from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) in the sixth year of King Hui of Wei (364 BC). This was the beginning of the founding of the capital of Kaifeng.
Fengze will be allied Wei moved the capital of Daliang after the inspirational governance, the country rich and strong. King Hui of Wei twenty-six years (344 years ago), Wei Yang traveled to Liang, persuaded the king of Wei, let him order Song, Wei, Lu and other small countries, the north Yan, to fight for the state of Qin, the first king of the service, and then figure Qi, Chu. King Hui of Wei adopted the idea, built a palace, put the son of heaven's car, and claimed himself as the king. In that year, King Hui of Wei invited Qin, Han, Song, Wei, Zou and Lu to participate in an alliance in Fengze (southeast of Kaifeng City) under the name of meeting the Prince of Zhou. After the alliance, they went to see the Emperor of Zhou. This alliance was the beginning of the seven kingdoms of the Warring States period to claim the title of king. Since the alliance was the result of pressure from King Hui, it was strongly resisted by South Korea.
King Hui of Wei opened the Honggou around the 10th year of the reign of King Hui of Wei (360 BC). The old road from today's Xingyang north of the Yellow River water, east through the north of Zhongmou, Kaifeng north, and folded to the south through the east of Tongxu, Taikang west to Huaiyang southeast into the Yingshui. It connects the major rivers such as Ji, Pu, Bian, Sui, Ying, Eddy, Ru, Si, and He, and promotes the water transportation and irrigation of the Yellow-Huaihai Plain, as well as the economic and cultural exchanges in the basin.
Meng Zi traveled to Liang in 342 BC, Wei was defeated in the "Battle of Maling", and the state was declining. In order to strengthen the army and enrich the country, Wei recruited the world's wise men and women with a lot of money. In the 16th year of King Hui's reign (319 BC), Mencius came to the capital of Wei, Daliang (present-day Kaifeng), and was warmly received by King Hui. Meng Zi advised King Hui to change his ways and implement a "benevolent government". King Hui of Wei did not accept his advice. In the following year, King Hui died and King Xiang assumed the throne. Again, King Xiang did not agree with Mengzi's idea of seeking national unification. Mengzi was so dissatisfied with King Xiang that he soon left Wei for Qi.
In 259 B.C., the Qin general Bai Qi defeated the state of Zhao at Changping and killed 400,000 of its surrendered soldiers, and then took advantage of the victory to besiege Handan, in a bid to destroy Zhao and complete the unification of the state. Zhao asked Wei for help many times, but the king of Wei was afraid of Qin's pressure and sent his general Jin Shi to station 100,000 troops in Yecheng (southwest of Linzhang, present day) on the border between Zhao and Wei to watch the success or failure of the war. Prince Xinling, the son of Wei, tried to persuade the king of Wei to send troops to save Zhao, but the king of Wei did not do anything about it. The king's army was not able to save Zhao, but the king of Wei was not willing to do so. After Xinling Jun stole the military talisman from his strategist, Hou Wenji, and the warrior Zhu He killed Jin Yi to seize the military power, breaking the Qin Dynasty in one fell swoop, and lifting the siege of Handan, which made him famous throughout the world.
Wang Ben drew water from the river ditch to irrigate Daliang in the twenty-second year of Qin Wangzheng's reign (225 years ago), Qin sent general Wang Ben to attack Wei, and drew water from the river ditch to irrigate Daliang, which led to the destruction of Daliang, the false surrender of the king of Wei, and the death of Wei (this was the first destructive flooding in Kaifeng). Qin set up Joon Yi County in Daliang.?
Subordinate to the state of Liang Han Gaozu five years (202 BC), sealed Peng Yue as the king of Liang. In the eleventh year (196 BC), Peng Yue was killed for plotting against the Emperor, and Liu Bang appointed his son Liu Chou as the King of Liang, and Joon Yi belonged to the Liang State.?
Zu Ti's Northern Expedition to the Central PlainsThe famous general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zu Ti, swore to restore the Central Plains and sent his troops to the north in the second year of Emperor Yuan's Daxing reign (319), entering Yongqiu and occupying Junyi. It was only after Zu Ti's death that Joon Yi was reoccupied in the first year of Emperor Yuan's Yongchang reign (322).
Junyi became a prefectural capital in the first year of Emperor Tianping's reign (534) of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, when Liang Prefecture was established, and Junyi became a prefectural capital for the first time. In the fifth year of Emperor Jiande's reign in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (576), Liangzhou was occupied and renamed Bianzhou because the city was near Bianshui River.
Emperor Yang repaired Tongji Canal in the first year of Daye (605), in order to communicate with the north and south, Emperor Yang conscripted more than 1 million people and repaired Tongji Canal, which was also called Bian Canal. From the east capital (Luoyang), the west garden of the valley water to the Yellow River, and from Xingyang NiuKouYu to the Yellow River into the Bianshui, Huaihe River, connecting the General River Gully, and access to the Yangtze River. From then on, Bianzhou (Kaifeng) further prospered.?
The Three Wise Men Traveled to Blow the TerraceIn the third year of Tang Tianbao's reign (744), Li Bai traveled to the east of the capital and met Du Fu in Luoyang and went to Bianzhou (Kaifeng) together. On the way to Bianzhou (Kaifeng), Li Bai met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled to Bianzhou, climbed to Blowing Platform, drank wine and composed poems, and talked about the past and present. The three of them left Li Bai's "Liang Yuan Yin", Du Fu's "Reminiscence", and Gao Shi's "Ancient Daliang Xing", three monumental works.
Tang Li Mian Expanded Bianzhou City Li Mian, the Tang Yongping army section chief, expanded Bianzhou City in the second year of Emperor Dezong's Jianzhong reign (781). After the expansion, the city was 20 miles and 155 paces long, with 10 gates. In the first year of Emperor Dezong's Xingyuan (784), Liu Xuanzuo (Liu Qia), the minister of Xuanwu Army, moved the seat of Bianzhou to Bianzhou.
Yan Zhenqing was martyred in Bianzhou. In the fourth year of Emperor Dezong's reign (783), Li Xili rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and captured Bianzhou. The famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing, a minister of Emperor Dezong, went to Bianzhou to persuade him, but he was hanged to death by Li Xilie in Bianzhou.
Ju Wen replaced Tang Dynasty and built Liang Dynasty (called Houliang) in the first year of Kaiping of Houliang (907), which was the capital of Bianzhou and called Dongdu. Bianzhou was elevated to Kaifeng Prefecture.
Shi Jing瑭建晉都汴州后唐灭后梁，李存 Castor moved the capital to Luoyang, down to Kaifengfu for the Xuanwu army station, still called Bianzhou. In the first year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (936), Khitan destroyed the Later Tang Dynasty and set up Shi Jing瑭 as the Emperor of Jin (known as the Later Jin Dynasty), with Bianzhou as its capital and Tokyo as its name. The capital was Bian, and it was called Tokyo.
Liu Zhiyuan built the Han capital Bianqidan Yelu Deguang captured Tokyo, the latter Jin died. Liu Zhiyuan changed the name of his country to Han (later called Han in history), and his capital was Bianbian, which was still called Tokyo. It was the twelfth year of Tianfu (947), and Liu Zhiyuan had not yet changed his name.
In the first year of the Guangshun reign (951), Guo Wei replaced the Later Han Dynasty and renamed his country Zhou (Later Zhou), still with its capital in Tokyo.
Chai Rong built the outer city of Tokyo In the second year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (955), Chai Rong, the reigning Emperor of the Zhou Dynasty, built the outer city of Tokyo, which was 48 miles and 213 paces in circumference.?
Chenqiao mutiny after Zhou Xiande seven years (960) spring, Zhou Gongdi sent Zhao Kuangyin led the army north against Liao. To 40 miles north of Kaifeng Chenqiao stage, Zhao Kuangyin mutiny, yellow robe, was crowned emperor. Then, back to Kaifeng. Tao Gu, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, took out a pre-prepared edict of Zen Dynasty and declared that Emperor Gong of Zhou abdicated and Zhao Kuangyin became the emperor, thus establishing the Song Dynasty (known as the Northern Song Dynasty in history).?
The Song court test in order to correct the Ministry of Justice in the provincial examination of the phenomenon of non-descript phenomenon, Song Taizu in the Kaibao six years (973), in the Lecture Hall in person test has been in and has not been in the jinshi 195 people, admitted 127, created the precedent of the court test for the first time. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the examination of poetry and fugue two questions. Emperor Xining three years (1070), Wang Anshi reform of the imperial examinations, the abolition of poetry and fugue, Mingjing section, the temple test to change the policy of a test, and then into a permanent system. From then on, China's imperial examinations are stereotyped as township, province, the temple three-tier system.
Set up the Royal Academy of Song Taizong, in the Imperial City of Tokyo, set up the Royal Academy of the Academy, the Academy of the famous calligraphers at the time, and collected calligraphy treasures from all over the country. Chunhua three years (992), the Hanlin book of Wang Zhuo will be copied and engraved by generations of calligraphy, is called "Chunhua Secret Pavilion post", *** divided into 10 volumes, half of the post is Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi's works. This cabinet post became the originator of the Chinese law post, after printing, Taizong divided into two government ministers, in order to learn. Emperor Huizong daguan years (1107 ~ 1110), and carved into the daguan post. From then on, the posters flourished, copying became a trend. The popularization and improvement of the art of calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty played a great role.
Casting acupuncture bronze Northern Song Dynasty Sheng five years (1027), Emperor Renzong ordered the Bureau of Imperial Medicine medical officer Wang Weiyi design, casting two male bronze, placed in the Medical Yuan, Xiangguo Temple. Bronze man cast in the abdomen with the heart, liver, spleen, stomach and other internal organs, the body surface all cast meridian points. Copper was used as a model for teaching and examination, than the original human body acupuncture points plan accurate image, easy to find. Wang Weiyi also wrote "new cast bronze acupuncture points acupuncture chart", and engraved in stone, as the bronze man of the text description. 1971 part of the chart by engraved stone fragments found in Beijing.
Bao Zheng Quanchi Kaifengfu Bao Zheng, a native of Hefei, Anhui Province. A lifetime of official integrity. Jia? In March of the second year (1057), the right to know Kaifengfu, although only one year and three months, but the law enforcement is severe, not afraid of the power and nobility, the capital is in order, the people praise. Beijing proverb: "joints are not, there are Yama Bao Lao." His deeds in the folk widely circulated, and acted as a novel, opera, the image of the Qing official has far-reaching influence.
Wang Anshi change of lawSong Emperor Xining three years (1070), Wang Anshi worship with the Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhang matter, has implemented the agricultural irrigation, green seedlings, equalization of transmission, the city of easy, the protection of armor, exemption from military service, protection of the horse, the square field, and other new laws, in order to enrich the country and strengthen the army, but by the Cao dowager empress, Gao dowager empress supported by the conservatives of the strong opposition to the implementation of a full range of difficulties. Seven years (1074) in April, removed from the phase out of the Jiangning Province.
The creation of water transportation instrument platform Zhezong years (1086 ~ 1094), Su Song in Kaifeng to create a water transportation instrument platform. The total height of 3 zhang 5 feet 6 inches (according to the Song feet), divided into three layers, the lower layer is the water wheel and copper pots dripping machinery; the middle layer is equipped with a Hunxiang, every day and night rotation of a week, and the celestial movement; the upper layer is called the terrace, equipped with a Hunyi, used to observe the stars of the dawn and the celestial orbit. The instrument platform is powered by water, combining all layers of power machinery and transmission machinery in a whole, so that it maintains a constant speed and expresses the operation of celestial space and time in a variety of forms. It can both represent the heavens and keep time, and Europeans call this instrument an astronomical clock.?
Ancient Jews moved to Kaifeng during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1101-1125), a group of Jews carried their families and traveled thousands of miles to the bustling city of Tokyo (now Kaifeng). They paid tribute to Emperor Huizong by offering Western cloth. Emperor Huizong treated them warmly and gave them favorable treatment: (1) return to China; (2) abide by their ancestral customs; (3) stay in Bianliang. Since then, this group of Jews settled in China and continues to this day.
The Jin people attacked Tokyo Song Qinzong Jingkang first year (1126) in November, the Jin army attacked the outer city of Tokyo. In December, Emperor Qinzong went to the Jin camp to deliver the table of surrender, announcing the surrender. Jin people burned and killed, the city of gold, silver, silk and silk, books and paintings, cultural relics and treasures, such as looting. The city a large number of hundred craftsmen, the clan nobles were plundered to the north, the south relocated countless asylum seekers. This is the city of Kaifeng in the history of a great disaster.
Jin again fell into Tokyo Jianyan first year (1127) in March, the gold established Zhang Bangchang as Chu emperor (only 33 days). In April, Jin soldiers captured Hui and Qin emperors and returned north. Song Zongze was appointed as the governor of Tokyo and led the army to resist Jin. Jin Tianhui eight years (1130), the Jin soldiers fell again in Tokyo, set up the Southern Song rebel Jinan governor Liu Yu as Qi Emperor, all Da Ming (now Da Ming, Hebei). Tianhui ten years (1132), Liu Yu moved capital Bian (now Kaifeng City).
Yue Fei defeated the Jin soldiers in Song Gaozong Shaoxing ten years (1140), Yue Fei defeated the Jin Woodruff in the place name and entered Zhu Xianzhen.?
The Yellow River diverted to flow through Kaifeng Jin Zhangzong Mingchang five years (1194), the Yellow River in Yangwu (now Henan Yuanyang County) breaks, the main stream through the city of Kaifeng, 20 miles north of the east flow.?
Jin Xuanzong moved the capital to Nanjing (Kaifeng) Jin Xuanzongzhen? Second year (1214), in order to avoid the Mongolian army attack, moved the capital Nanjing (Kaifeng).?
Epidemic at the end of gold Jin Aizong Tianxing yuan year (1232) in March, the Mongolian army attacked Nanjing (Kaifeng), did not. May epidemic, military and civilian deaths of hundreds of thousands of people. Leap September, the Jin soldiers in the city to search for food, the city of hunger, people eat each other.
Longfeng regime built the capital of Bianliang Yuan Shun Di Zhizheng eighteen years (1358) in May, Liu Futong, the leader of the Red Turbans, led his troops to capture Bianliang (present-day Kaifeng City). After that, Liu Futong brought Han Lin'er from Anfeng (present-day Shouxian County, Anhui Province) to Bianliang, and established the state name of Song, and the year name of "Longfeng", which was the capital of the "Longfeng" regime. In August of the following year, Bianliang was attacked by the Yuan general Chahan Timur, and Liu Futong and Han Liner retreated to Anfeng.
Ming rebuilt Kaifeng CityMing Taizu Hongwu first year (1368), rebuilt Kaifeng city wall, changing the earth city to a brick city. The city wall circumference of 20 miles 190 paces, 3 zhang 5 feet high, 2 zhang 1 feet wide; City Hall 2 zhang deep, 5 zhang broad.
Ming Dynasty Yellow Water DisastersMing Taizu Hongwu twenty years (1387) in June, the Yellow River breaks, the water from the north gate into the city, flooding officials and residents of many houses. In the first year of Emperor Hui's reign (1399), the Yellow River broke and the water entered the city from Fengqiu Gate, collapsing many of the palaces and houses and causing long-term waterlogging in the city. In the fall of 1410, the Yellow River burst, destroying the city by more than 200 ft. and causing the death of more than 14,000 families and the loss of more than 7,500 hectares of land. Yingzong Tianshun five years (1461) in July, the Yellow River again breaks, the water from the north gate into the city, the government and private houses, flooded more than half, the residents died countless.
Li Zicheng attacked the city three times at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng had a rate of volunteer troops attacked Kaifeng three times. The first time in Chongzhen fourteen years (1641) in February, the volunteers surrounded the city after seven days and nights of strong attack, the initiative to retreat. Second in December of the same year to the first month of the following year, the volunteers with cannons and cannons, aimed at Kaifeng city day and night after 20 days of attack, retreat again. Third in Chongzhen 15 years (1642) four to September. During this time, the city officials for the elimination of the volunteers, in Kaifeng of the north of the Yellow River embankment pickpocket two, so that outside the city of a sea, the city is a few feet deep, floating corpses such as fish. After the flood, the city's original population of more than 370,000 people, excluding a small number of escapees, most of the drowned, leaving only more than 30,000 people.
Kangxi rebuilt Kaifeng City in the first year of the Qing Kangxi (1662), in the Ming Dynasty Kaifeng city wall on the basis of rebuilding the city wall, the city gate five, "camping as the old system". The wall circumference of 20 miles 190 paces, 3 zhang 5 feet high, 2 zhang 1 feet wide, as in the Ming system.
Lin Zexu involved in blocking the Yellow River break to build embankment Qing Daoguang twenty-one years (1841) in June, the Yellow River from Zhangjiawan (today's Kaifeng City, paddy township) break, destroyed the moat, the water from the south gate into the city, the city of water depth of more than ten feet, flooded for 8 months long. Lin Zexu was relegated to garrison in Xinjiang on the way to Ili, under the strong recommendation of Wang Ding, was ordered to participate in the blocking of the Yellow River, repairing the 9-kilometer-long embankment, known as the Lin Gong dike. Lin Zexu left Bian in February of the following year.
Daoguang rebuilt Kaifeng city wall Qing Daoguang twenty-second year (1842) rebuilt Kaifeng city wall, circumference of 28 miles or so, 3 zhang 5 feet high, the corner of the tower 4. This restoration for Kaifeng continue as a political, economic, cultural and military town and lay the foundation for future development.
The Taiping army attacked Kaifeng Qing Xianfeng three years (1853) May 12, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Northern Expeditionary Army under the leadership of Lin Fengxiang, Li Kaifang, into the city from Kaifeng 2 miles of the prosperous tower, the attack on the city was not; thirteen days of the strong attack again was not, seventeen days withdrawal.
Tongwagang Yellow River break Qing Xianfeng five years (1855) in the Yellow River Tongwagang (Lankao old market town name) break. From then on, the Yellow River again diverted, not into the Huaihe River, Yangtze River, but from Shandong Lijin into the Bohai Sea.
The last test of the Qing dynasty Qing Guangxu twenty-ninth year (1903), thirty years (1904), dibutyl sebacate Shuntian countryside test, A Chen will be held in Kaifeng Henan Gongyuan. The two exams are still three, but the content is a major change, the first test Chinese political history of five, two test countries political art policy five, three test "four books" meaning two, "five" meaning a, and shall not be used in the format of the eight shares. Two exams, the number of applicants greatly reduced, the order of chaos. Guangxu thirty-one years (1905), the Qing court announced the cessation of imperial examinations.
Schools Qing Guangxu twenty-eighth (1902), Kaifeng founded the first new school - Henan University Hall. 1904 and founded Kaifeng House School. 1905 will be 15 schools, cut and changed to 10 government primary school.?
Henan copper yuan bureau of the founding and abolition of the Qing dynasty Guangxu thirty years (1904), Henan governor Chen Kui Long in Kaifeng founded the Henan copper yuan bureau. Beginning casting "Guangxu Yuanbao" when ten small copper coins; Xuantong when the casting of "Qing copper coins" when the system of money ten. 1933 due to the copper material is cut off and canceled.
Xinhai Kaifeng Uprising 1911 after the Wuchang Uprising, the provinces have responded to the Alliance member Zhang Zhongduan was elected commander-in-chief of the uprising in Henan, scheduled for the early morning of December 23rd, was not expected to be leaked, on the night of the 22nd in the excellent teacher training, was surrounded by the battalion of the guards. 23rd morning, Zhang Zhongduan, Wang Tienjie, Zhang Zhaohua, Liu Fenglou, Danpeng Yen, Xu Zhenquan, Zhang Decheng, Li Ganguang, Zhang Xiangni, Li Hongxu, Cui Deju 11 people were captured and killed, the uprising failed. Xiangfu County to Kaifeng County Republic of China 2 years (1913), the abolition of Kaifeng Province, changed Xiangfu County to Kaifeng County, belonging to Henan Province, Yuandong Road. Still the capital of Henan Province.
Longhai Railway through Kaifeng East and West Qing Guangxu thirty-two years (1906), Longhai Railway Bianluo section opened to traffic; Republic of China 4 years (1915) in June, Kaifeng to Xuzhou section opened to traffic.
Foundation of the "Heartbeat" magazine R.O.C. 7 (1918), Feng Youlan, JI Wenfu, etc. founded the "Heartbeat" magazine in Kaifeng, to publicize the new culture and new ideas.?
Foundation of "Youth" semimonthly Republic of China 9 years (1920), the provincial Kaifeng No. 2 Middle School students such as Cao Jinghua founded the "Youth" semimonthly, four or five thousand copies of each issue, *** published five issues.?
Li Dazhao came to Kaifeng at the end of 1924, Li Dazhao was invited by Hu Jingyi to come to Kaifeng to guide the work. Through his guidance, Henan formed a national **** cooperation situation, the establishment of **** Youth League Kaifeng local committee. In July 1925, Li Dazhao came to Kaifeng for the second time, prompting the establishment of the Yu-Shaan District Party Committee with Wang Ruofei as its secretary, and delivering a lecture entitled "History of the British Imperialist Aggression against China," which caused a sensation.
In August 1925, Xiao Chu Nü was assigned by the Central Committee of the **** Youth League to work in Henan, and founded the Zhongzhou Review in Kaifeng, where she and Wang Ruofei published many important articles and guided the revolutionary activities in Henan.
Kaifeng's one-two-nine movement on December 9, 1935, the Republic of China 24 years (1935), Beiping (now Beijing) broke out in the student patriotic movement. Kaifeng water conservancy college on December 13th first telegraphic solidarity. 23rd, Kaifeng high school, Henan University, more than 30 schools students more than 13,000 people, gathered in front of the provincial government petition. 26th, more than 10,000 students went to the Nanguan railway station to lie down on the railroad track petition, which lasted for four days.?
Liberation Pioneers Kaifeng team was established in October of the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), the Chinese National Liberation Pioneers Kaifeng team was established. Deng Zijian (Deng Tuo), a student of Henan University, was the captain of the team.?
Kaifeng fall and recovery June 6, 1938, the Japanese army invaded Kaifeng, the establishment of the Japanese pseudo-regime. The people of Kaifeng were plunged into dire straits under the iron hooves of the Japanese invaders.In August 1945, the Japanese army surrendered, ending the years of suffering for the people of Kaifeng.?
Establishment of Kaifeng Municipal People's GovernmentOn October 24, 1948, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Kaifeng again.On November 6, the Kaifeng Special People's Democratic Municipal Government was set up.It was changed to the Kaifeng Municipal People's Government in January 1949, and was renamed the Municipal People's Government in April.?
The provincial capital moved westward with the approval of the State Council (now the State Council) in 1951, in October 1954, the provincial capital of Henan Province was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, and brought 30,000 to 40,000 people of all trades and professions with it. Thereafter, Kaifeng was changed to a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the province.