The duck, also known as the rumpled duck, duck, muscovy duck, scientific name Cairna moschata, and general domestic ducks of the same species and different genera. Duck is mainly produced in Gutian, Fuzhou suburbs and Longhai and other places, distributed in Fuqing, Putian, Jinjiang, Changtai, Longyan, Daitian, Pucheng and other cities and counties. Northern Fujian main production areas in the Gutian County area, raising black ducks, male ducks transported to the province of eastern Fujian, northern Fujian, for the production of "half-fan" used. It has strong breeding ability, high fertilization rate, and produces "half-fan" with large body size and fast fattening. Every spring breeding season, all over the world to buy male ducks in Gutian. Hubin, Ohashi, Hetang, Suanyang and other communes in Gutian County, a large number of breeding. In the bridge commune survey 122 households, **** raised 626, each household raised an average of 5.2 only. The main production areas in southern Fujian are more than ten cities and counties in three areas, including Putian, Jinjiang and Longxi, along the coast south of Fuzhou, as well as the Fuzhou area. Longxi area and Xiamen suburbs of the duck for the black and white flowers, the rest of the places are white more Huian, Quanzhou, Nanan ducks have a handful of black hairs on the top of the whole body is white. The white ducks in the suburbs of Fuzhou are larger.　Duck native to the tropical regions of Central and South America, our province has a long history of breeding. According to the 1763 compilation of the ancient port "Quanzhou Fu Zhi" records: "Duck like ducks and large like geese, from holding its eggs and birth, species from the ocean imported." And according to the 1729 "fujian tongzhi" in the "min product record is different" cloud: "great and red nose for the ducks, male and female formula to hold the eggs, must leave an egg pressure nest mother ducks will be successively under the eggs from biting the neck of the pen to hide to ambush, in January out of the nestling. Ambush and five days to hear the sound of hulling is the egg Vu carry on. [Half-fan] smaller than the duck, [Lai duck] smaller than half-fan, can not hold eggs,......," In addition, in the main producing areas of Gutian, Putian, Minhou and other counties of the county records, have also been recorded.　Duck vegetarian is regarded by the masses as complementary to the body of the treasures. Fujian duck after a long period of domestication, as well as "choose early, choose big, choose fast" and other measures to retain seeds, has long been adapted to the ecological environment of Fujian Province, a good breed of meat ducks.　(C) the characteristics and features of the species 1, physical appearance of the body type of ducks and domestic ducks are different, the body type of the front tip after the narrow, long oval, large head, short neck, short and narrow beak armor, beak, claw developed; chest broad and plump, long and skinny tail, not like the domestic duck has a large buttocks. The base of the beak and the rim of the eye are surrounded by red or black carinae, and the males have a wider spread. The wing feathers are athletic and long to the tail, and the tail feathers are long and slightly raised upward. Duck feather color for white, black and black and white flower color three kinds, a few silver gray. Feather color is different, there are some differences in the appearance of body punishment.　White duck's feathers are white, pink beak armor, head tubercle bright red fat, chain arrangement, iridescent light gray, feet orange-yellow. If there is a black hair on the top of the head, the beak armor, feet with black spots.　The black duck's feathers are black with dark green luster; only the main wing feathers or compound wing feathers, there are often a few white feathers; the color of the sarcoma is black with red and thin; the mouth role is red with black spots; the iridescence is light yellow and the feet are mostly black.　The feathers of the Black and White Flowering Duck vary in black and white. Commonly, there are black back feathers, neck, wing feathers and abdomen with a varying number of white feathers; there is also a black body, between the white feathers. The beak armor is mostly red with black spots, and the feet are dark yellow.　According to the different hair color of 61 male and 200 female ducks body weight, body size determination; different hair color of the male ducks body weight is not significantly different, the average is 3.04 kg (3.01 ~ 3.05 kg); different hair color of the female ducks body weight difference is significant, the body of the white one is the largest (1.90 kg on average), the black one is the second largest (1.80 kg on average), the smallest of the black and white flower (1.72 kg on average), the average of the three is 1.72 kg. (average 1.72 kilograms), the average of the three is 1.87 kilograms. Adult male ducks are about twice as big as females. The body length of male and female ducks is 29.23 cm and 24.04 cm respectively; the length of keel is 19.07 cm and 15.36 cm; the depth of breast is 9.81 cm and 8.28 cm; the width of breast is 11.79 cm and 9.57 cm.　2, growth and development Under the same feeding management conditions, the growth rate of male and female ducks varies greatly. After the chicks come out of the shell, feeding to 10 days of age, from the size of the body type, body weight can be distinguished from male and female. The absolute maximum growth of average body weight is after 70 days of age. 70 days of age, male ducks weight growth greatly exceeds that of female ducks. 160 days of age, male ducks are heavier than female ducks by about 1.10 kilograms.　At 160 days of age, male ducks weigh about 1.10 kilograms more than female ducks. Measured under the nutritional level of feed containing 16-18% crude protein and metabolizable energy of 2,400-2,600 kcal/kg, the body weights of male and female ducklings with a birth weight of 47.60 grams are 0.79 kilograms and 0.78 kilograms, respectively, at the age of 1 month; at the age of 2 months, 1.74 kilograms and 1.51 kilograms; at the age of 3 months, 2.59 kilograms and 1.80 kilograms; and at the age of 4 months, 2.93 kilograms and 1.80 kilograms. At the age of 3 months, they were 2.59 kg and 1.80 kg respectively, at the age of 4 months, they were 2.93 kg and 1.90 kg respectively, and at the age of 5 months, they were 3.25 kg and 2.10 kg respectively, and the rate of weight gain gradually decreased after the age of 5 months.　Reproductive performance The average age of laying is 172.88 days, the age of seeing eggs is 153 days, the first laying cycle after laying is the longest, and the number of consecutively laid eggs is 35-40. After that, the number of eggs laid in each laying cycle can be stabilized at 13-15 eggs; the annual egg production is 100-110 eggs, and the highest individual can reach 160 eggs. Holding. According to the measurement of 110 duck eggs, the average egg weight is 71.50 grams, the egg shape is oval, the egg shape index is 1.39, and the eggshell is jade-white.　Producing areas from the flock in January to May each year incubated eggs, according to the time of shell successively, the ducklings are divided into "the first fan" (2 to 3 portions of the shell of the chicks), "two fan" (3 to April of the ducklings) and "tail fan" (May to June of the ducklings). The "first" (two or three chicks), "second" (chicks from March to April) and "last" (chicks from May to June) are selected from the flock. The group selects ducks with good development and fast growth from more than one head and two-fan to keep for breeding. Because of their growth stage, it is the earthworms, as well as fish and shrimp and other inanimate animals reproduction period, animal feed is abundant, the climate is mild, they are not only fast-growing, and the female ducks will be able to lay eggs that year. The first, the two male ducks in the fall up to sexual maturity, but also in time for breeding, not for breeding, more in the White Dew season disaster food. But used to breed half of the duck breeding male, more tail duck. The hairy ducks raised to sexual maturity before and after the Spring Festival, can be mated with ordinary female ducks, the production of half ducks. Groups from the main use of female ducks or hens holding natural hatching eggs. Often use chickens and ducks alternate hatching to maintain the physical exertion of mother ducks and hens. The hatching rate is usually between 80 and 85, using artificial incubation, the hatching rate is 70% and the incubation period is 35 days.　Good growth and development of male chicks raised to 4 months of age, that is, issued a "silk" call, indicating that sexual maturity, and have to peck the female duck sexual behavior. To 5-6 months of age, sexual maturity, can be mated. In the spring, the male to female ratio of 1:7 to 8, the fertilization rate of 90 to 95% after the breeding season, breeding male ducks weak, poor breeding ability, generally that year, that is, the behavior of the elimination of the next year to select and retain a new breed of ducks.　4, fertilization performance On the filling of fat time, the group from the "March big, April fat" said. That is, raise to 4 months old weight up to 2.5 ~ 3 kg hand, began to fill fat. Feed with rice bran and boiled sweet potato half, with rice soup or gruel mix well, rolled into a round strip of "agent". Fill feed one by one. Fill feeding amount from 150 grams gradually increased to 400 ~ 450 grams, fill feeding amount is appropriate, more in the next fill feeding before hand feel the esophagus expansion, no accumulation of food as a standard. After 2 to 3 weeks of feeding, the weight of 3.5 to 4 kilograms, can be slaughtered.　According to the fujian college of agriculture in 1983 duck fat liver test. 3 months old duck, with corn grain material fill feeding 2 weeks, the average liver weight 299.64 grams, individual liver weight up to 337.40 grams; fill fat 3 weeks, the average liver weight 352.77 grams, the highest 491.80 grams. At 2 and 3 weeks of filling, while liver weight increased, body weight increased by 1.44 kg (51.61% weight gain) and 1.66 kg (68.90% weight gain), and the slaughter rate of the whole clean rump was 70.58% and 67.41%, respectively. The growth of liver weight and body gain of male ducks was higher than that of female ducks. At 2 and 3 weeks of fattening, the percentage of lean meat (breast and leg muscle) in the carcass was 24.96% and 23.66% for male ducks, while that of Pekin ducks was 16.20% and 14.80%, respectively.　Fertilizing 2 weeks and 3 weeks, every 1 kg of fat liver consumption of corn were 30.05 kg and 32 kg respectively, every 1 kg of live weight increase in corn consumption were 4.80 kg and 5.84 kg respectively.　5, crossbreeding utilization of male ducks and local female duck mating and production of half ducks is the traditional habits of the people in the production area. Gutian duck farmers have good technology, the fertilization rate of spring eggs can reach more than 80%. The hybrid dominance rate of half-bantam ducks reaches 25.41%. Under the condition of rough feeding, the weight of 3 months old can reach 2.05 kilograms. According to the bioassay of Xiamen University, the relative growth rate of the three-dimensional hybrid "Pan Bei Jin" duck from 10 to 60 days of age is 76.10%, and 67.88% for half-panther ducks; "Pan Bei Jin" ducks can be marketed earlier than half-panther ducks by 10-15 days, saving 10% of the feed ()。 Duck is one of the promising poultry species for meat and liver. It has the advantages of large size, rapid growth, roughage tolerance, easy fattening, tasty meat and good liver production. However, under the current conditions of low feeding level in rural areas, the body size is small, the growth is too slow, and the egg production is also low. According to the analysis of experimental data, duck breeding to improve the potential is very large. In the future, the quality of varieties should be explored in depth, further breeding to improve the rearing of a set of perfect management program.

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