Enter the garden in the morning, plant vegetables and fruits, weed, water flowers and plant medicines. Come back into the clean room, close your eyes and calm down. Reading pleasant books from time to time makes you look happy; Sometimes sing good poems, so that the feelings can be expressed smoothly. Copy ancient copybooks, play guqin, and stop when you are tired. At the gathering of friends and confidants, the content of the conversation does not involve current affairs and power, does not praise or criticize people, and does not argue right and wrong. Sometimes we meet for a leisurely trip, don't pay attention to clothes, and don't work hard because we follow etiquette. Drink less but don't get drunk. It's enough to be happy. If you can really do this, you can also have fun.
2. The classical Chinese story of knowing how to keep fit tells us what kind of way to keep fit. After listening to the story of knowing how to keep fit, Liang Huiwang understood the way to keep fit, that is, everything should conform to nature, not be forced to touch it hard, but also be cautious and restrained, so as to save life, nature, spirit and enjoy life.
Analyze the general idea of a paragraph
There are five paragraphs in the article, and the main idea of each paragraph is as follows:
The first paragraph: Explain that the way to preserve one's health is to conform to nature.
The second paragraph: describe the superb skills of skilled workers in solving cattle.
The third paragraph: write Wen Huijun's admiration for my superb skills in solving cattle.
The fourth paragraph: My own opinion about cattle.
The fifth paragraph: summarize the full text with Wen Huijun's words, and point out the topic of the article.
content analysis
The full text consists of five paragraphs, which can be summarized into two parts.
Part I:
The first part, the first paragraph, is the general outline of the full text of the health-preserving master, which explains that the way of health-preserving is to conform to nature. The key points are as follows:
(1) The author compares limited life with infinite knowledge, and points out that if we pursue infinite with limited life.
Knowledge, it will make people tired and uneasy, and it will easily endanger their lives.
(2) In order to avoid harm to the body, people should forget all the concepts of good and evil, and don't pursue good reputation for good.
Don't suffer punishment for evil.
(3) In order to forget good and evil, and avoid hurting body and mind, everything should follow the natural mean as the normal law, and this can be guaranteed.
Live your whole life, preserve your nature, preserve your spirit and enjoy your life.
Part II:
The second part includes the second to fifth paragraphs, in which the author explains the way of keeping in good health by telling the fable story of a skilled ox. The key points of this part are as follows:
(1) The superb skills of my master in cattle interpretation:
A) When trying to untie a cow, press it with your hands, lean against it with your shoulders, step on it with your feet, and lean against it with your knees.
Cattle, the movements of hands, shoulders, feet and knees are skillfully coordinated, which is in line with the rhythm and melody of mulberry dance.
B) The sound made by my skilled worker when he handled the ox with a knife was all in tune with the rhythm of the first movement.
(2) Wen Huijun's admiration:
Wen Huijun was amazed by the skillful movements of my master, as well as the sense of beauty and rhythm.
To put it bluntly, "how did technology reach such a state?" 」
(3) Wen Huijun's appreciation leads to my understanding of the cow:
My master first pointed out his general principle of understanding cows: "Those who are good at what I do are good at Tao, and they are good at technology.". What he pursues is Tao, but the truth and philosophy contained in things have surpassed ordinary technology.
My own experience in understanding cattle:
(i) Three stages of understanding cattle:
(a) Early stage: At the beginning of my understanding of the cow, I regarded the whole cow as a whole because I didn't understand the natural structure of the cow and couldn't see the gaps between the muscles and joints.
(b) Three years later, because I have more experience in understanding cows and I am very familiar with the structure of cows, what I saw when I understood cows was no longer the whole cow, but only the gaps between the muscles and joints of the cows.
(c) Now, when he understands cows, he only touches them with his mind, not with his eyes. This is because he follows the natural structure of the cow's body and transports the knife in the gap between the joints of the muscles and bones, without touching the place where the muscles are knotted.
(ii) My skillful use of "clan" and "good" to set off my superb skills;
(a) The "clan" changes a knife every month, because he cuts the bones hard with it.
(b) "Liangyou" changes a knife every year because he cuts off the muscles with it.
(c) My knife has been used for 19 years and has solved thousands of cows, but the blade still looks like it has just been ground from a grindstone. Because there are gaps in the joints of cattle, and the blade has no thickness, it is natural to go deep into the joints with gaps with the blade without thickness, which is very wide and has a lot of room for operation. So although his knife has been used for 19 years, it is still as sharp as new.
(4) My feelings from the experience of solving cattle:
(i) Be cautious in doing things: Although my skill in understanding cows is superb, he will never take it lightly when he encounters a place where his bones and muscles are intertwined. He will be wary, concentrate on his eyes, slow down, and kill with caution. Just as when people encounter difficulties, they should be careful to avoid making mistakes.
(ii) A man should hide himself: when the cow was broken down, he naturally felt satisfied, so he wiped the knife clean and put it away. Just as after solving difficulties, people should restrain their sharpness so as not to attract jealousy.
(4) After listening to my words, Wen Huijun realized the way of keeping in good health and pointed out the topic of the article.
Understanding cows by being skilled and knowing how to maintain health:
Vehicle ontology
The intricate society of cattle
The sinews and joints of cattle are complicated affairs in the world.
Knife man's life
Blade man's nature
The process of understanding cattle, the course of life
The method of solving cattle and the method of keeping in good health
Cow-solving method and health preservation method
I know the natural structure of cattle first, follow the natural texture of cattle, and cut the knife from the gap of muscle joints, without cutting the bones and muscles, so the knife is durable. Being in a complex society, people should first understand the truth of things, go with nature, avoid all kinds of obstacles skillfully, and not touch them hard in order to enjoy their natural life.
3. The classical Chinese of knowing how to treat cows tells us what kind of health care.
(1) We should be careful in everything we do, and we should maintain a cautious attitude, converge our abilities, and at the same time, we should practice repeatedly while knowing how to use the law, just like an expert who "knows thousands of cows" and keep repeating it, and eventually we will realize the truth of things.
(2) Human society is full of complicated contradictions. When people live in the world, only by avoiding contradictions and conforming to nature, can they preserve their health, nourish their hearts and live for the rest of their lives.
The original text of "My Skilled Master Helps Cows"
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Zhuang Zhou
My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With the limit, there is no limit, and it is almost already! It's almost enough for those who already know it! There is no near name for good, and no near punishment for evil. The governor thinks that classics can preserve our health, give birth to our whole life, support our relatives and last for years.
My skillful hands, my shoulders, my feet, my knees, and my knife are all in tune. The dance combined with Sanglin is the meeting of Jing Shou.
Wen Huijun said, "Hey, good! Is the technical cover so far? "
My master released his knife and said to him, "I am a good minister, and I am proficient in technology. When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. After three years, I haven't seen all the cows. At this time, I met with God instead of looking at him, and Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do things. According to heaven's principles, we should criticize and guide the big ones, because of course, the technology and experience are not bad, but the situation is great! Good old man is more knife-cutting; The clan's moon is more knives and folds. Today, I have solved thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There is a gap between those who have a section, but the blade is not thick; With no thickness, there will be room for recovery, so it will be 19 years and the blade will be new. Although, as for the race, I think it is difficult, but it is a warning, and it is too late to act. The knife is very small, and the solution has been solved, such as the land. Stand with a knife, look around for it, be full of ambition, and hide it with a good knife. "
Wen Huijun said, "Good! I have heard the words of my master, and I have to keep healthy. "
translation
My life is limited, but my knowledge is infinite. It is really dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life! There is danger, but also persistent pursuit of knowledge, then there is nothing but danger. You don't need fame to do good deeds, and you don't need to be punished to do bad deeds. With the purpose of following the nihilistic way of nature, you can protect your life, preserve your nature, preserve the opportunity for new life, and enjoy all your years.
My master slaughtered cattle for Liang Huiwang. The place where the hands touch, the place where the shoulders lean, the place where the feet tread, and the place where the knees top, and there is no rhythm when entering the knife: it conforms to the rhythm of the dance music of Sanglin (in soup) and the rhythm of the music of Jingshou (in Yao).
Liang Huiwang said, "Hey, good! How can the technology (you know the cow) be so superb? "
My skilled worker put down his knife and replied, "What I pursue is Tao (which is a function word with no specific meaning and can be translated into the laws of nature), which has surpassed the general technology. At first, when I slaughtered the cow, I saw a complete cow in my eyes; Three years later, I have never seen a complete cow (meaning: I only saw a dotted cow, that is, I only saw how to solve it). Now, I am in contact with the cow by spirit, instead of looking with my eyes. My senses have stopped and my spirit is moving. According to the natural physiological structure of cattle, cut into the gap between the bones and muscles of cattle, and feed along the gap between the joints. According to the original structure of cattle, the place where the tendons and meridians are connected and the place where the bones and muscles are combined have never been touched with a knife, let alone the big bones! A skilled chef changes a knife every year, and it is cut with a knife (just like we cut a rope with a knife); A skilled cook has to change a knife every month, which is broken by cutting the bone (because he doesn't know how to cut it, it is easy to break when he cuts the bone). Now, my knife has been used for 19 years, and I have slaughtered thousands of cows, but the blade is as sharp as if it had just been sharpened on a grindstone. There are gaps in the joints of the cow, and the blade is very thin; If you insert a thin blade into a bone joint with a gap, then there must be room for the operation of the blade! Therefore, in the past 19 years, the blade has just been ground from a grindstone. Even so, whenever I meet the place where the bones and muscles are intertwined, I see that it is difficult to cut, so I carefully raise my vigilance, focus my eyes on one point, slow down, move the knife very lightly, and with a sigh, the bones and meat of the cow are untied at once, just like mud scattered on the ground. I stood up with a knife in my hand and looked around for it. I was carefree and satisfied with it, then wiped it clean and collected it. "
Liang Huiwang said, "Good! After listening to my words, I understand the truth of keeping in good health. "
4. Urgently seek the classical Chinese arrangement of "My Skilled Cow" My Skilled Cow [Warring States Period] This fable is selected from "Zhuangzi's Inner Chapter, Health Master". It shows that things in the world are complicated and complicated, so long as you master its objective laws through repeated practice, you can be handy, use it freely and solve it easily. The articles are narrated and discussed alternately. After success, the ambition is full of pride, vivid and vivid, and fascinating. The language is vivid and vivid, and the idioms of "I can't see the whole cow", "I can handle it with ease" and "I am full of ambition" come from this article. The original text of the Zhou Dynasty is "I know how to understand the cow for Wen Huijun" (1). So far (8)? " My master released his knife and said, "I know what I like, but I can learn skills (9). When I first solved the problem, I saw nothing but cows. After three years, I have never seen all the cows. When I was here, I saw God's encounter instead of looking at it, and Zhi Zhi was eager to do it (10). It depends on heaven (/kloc). Liang Guo changed his knife and cut it (17); The clan changed their swords (18) and folded them (19). After nineteen years, I have solved thousands of cattle, but if the blade is new (20), there are gaps (2 1), but the blade is not thick. It is 19 years, and if the blade is newly developed, though, whenever it comes to the clan (23), I see that it is difficult, so I will take it as a warning (24), and I will act late until I see it. I have done little with the knife, but I have solved it (25) How to keep in good health (28). "There was a chef named Ding who slaughtered cattle for Liang Huiwang from Wang Xianqian's" Zhuangzi Ji Jie ".The place where his hand touched, the place where his shoulder rested, the place where his foot stepped on, and the place where his knee stood on all made a sound of skin and bone separation, and the sound was louder when the knife stabbed. These sounds were not out of tune. It was actually the same. OK! How can your technology be so clever? " My master put down his knife and replied, "What my liegeman explores is the law of things, which has exceeded the pursuit of the technology of slaughtering cattle. When I first started slaughtering cattle (I didn't know the structure of the cow body), I only saw the whole cow. After three years, I couldn't see the whole cow any more. Now when I slaughter cattle, my liegeman just touches it with spirit." It's like the sensory organs stop moving and move entirely according to the spiritual will. Along the texture structure of the cow, the big gap between bones and muscles is split, and the knife is made along the hole between joints, all of which follow the original structure of the cow. The knife for slaughtering the cow has never touched the place where the meridians are connected or where the muscles attached to the bones are agglomerated, not to mention the big bone of the thigh. Skillful chefs change a knife every year because they use it to cut meat. Ordinary chefs change a knife every month because they use it to cut bones. Now this knife has been used for 19 years, killing thousands of cows, but the blade looks like it has just been ground from a grindstone. There are gaps in the joints of cattle, but the blade is not thick. If you use such a thin blade to pierce the joints with gaps, you must be generous when running the blade. Therefore, it has been used for 19 years and the blade is still as if it had just been ground from a grindstone. Nevertheless, whenever I meet a place where bones and muscles are intertwined, I feel very scared and cautious when I see it, and my eyes are focused and my movements are slow. When the knife moves gently, the flesh and blood are separated like a pile of mud scattered on the ground. I stand with my knife and look around proudly for this success, looking carefree and satisfied. I listened to my master's words and learned the way to keep in good health. "(Feng Hairong) Notes on my master's solution to Niu Zhuang Zhou (1) Ding (páo robe) Ding: a famous cook. Ancient books in the pre-Qin period often put people's names before their occupation. Wen Huijun: Liang Huiwang, also known as Wei Huiwang. Xie. Describe the sound of separation between skin and bone. It sounds like a cloud in the Classic Interpretation, or there is no word "ran". Today, there is no word "ran", but it is. (4) Yan (Hu not clear) ran is an onomatopoeic word, which describes the sound of approaching the knife to solve the cow. (5) Sang Lin: the legendary king of Shang Tang. That is, "He". (9) Jin: beyond. (10) Official knowledge: here refers to vision. Desire: refers to mental activity. (1 1) Tian Li: refers to the natural texture structure of cattle. (12) Batch. Shun (kǔan): the cavity of the joint. (14) Cause: Yi. Of course, it refers to the original structure of the cow body. (15) Skill and Classics: Jude's talking about meridians and skills. According to the research of Yu Yue in qìng Dynasty, it is considered as a mistake of the word "branch". That is, prepositional object, who is "inexperienced and willing to work". (16) Yi (G Gu): the big bone of the thigh. (17) Cut: here refers to raw cut and hard cut. (18) Family: numerous, Refers to the general. (19) Fold: break the bone with a knife. (20) Hair: out. (xǐng punishment): whetstone. (2 1) Section: joint: gap. (22) Exquisite: generous.
5. The way to keep in good health is spring and March, which is the beginning. Heaven and earth are born, everything is proud, lying at night and getting up early, striding in court, being slowed down, so as to make life, living without killing, giving without taking away, rewarding without punishment, which is the response of spring, and the way of health preservation; Otherwise, the liver will be damaged, and the summer will become cold, and there will be few elders.
Xia San month, this is a sweet show. Heaven and earth are in harmony, everything is flashy, lying at night and getting up early, insatiable on the sun, making ambition not to be angry, making Huaying a show, and letting off steam. If you love it outside, this summer should be the way to grow up. On the contrary, it is sad, autumn is malaria, few people receive it, and the winter solstice is seriously ill.
In autumn and March, this is called tolerance. The weather is urgent, the atmosphere is bright, you lie down early and get up early, and you are happy with the chickens, so that you can be calm, slow down the autumn punishment, converge, make the autumn air calm, and make the lungs clear. This autumn air should be the way to raise and collect; If you go against it, you will hurt your lungs, and in winter, you will have diarrhea, and there are few people who serve Tibet.
In winter and March, this is a closed Tibet. Water and ice lie on the ground, don't disturb the sun, lie down early and get up late, and wait for the sun, so that if you have private intentions, if you have them, you will be warm when you get rid of the cold, without leaking your skin, which will make you extremely angry. This winter gas should be the way to raise Tibet; Conversely, it hurts the kidney, and spring is flaccid, and there are few people who are born. When the weather is clean, those who are bright will also hide their virtues, so they will not go down. At dawn, the sun and the moon are unknown, and evil harms the emptiness. If the yang is blocked, the earth-qi is exposed, and the clouds are not refined, the dew should not fall on the ground. If the traffic is not visible, everything will die, and if it is not given, many trees will die. No evil spirit, no wind and rain, no white dew, no glory. Thieves' winds come, rainstorms come, and if heaven and earth don't protect each other at four o'clock, they will not be extinct if they lose touch with the Tao. Only saints follow it, so there is no strange disease in the body, everything is not lost, and life is inexhaustible. Against the spring qi, yang will not be born, and liver qi will change internally. Against summer, the sun is not long, and the heart is hollow. Contrary to autumn qi, it is too cloudy to collect, and the lung is full of qi. If the winter qi is reversed, the yin will be less and the kidney qi will sink alone. The man who is yin and yang at four seasons is the foundation of everything. Therefore, saints nourish yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter to learn from their roots; Therefore, with everything ups and downs in the door of growth. If you go against its roots, you will cut its roots, and it will be really bad. Therefore, the four seasons of yin and yang, the end of all things also; The foundation of life and death; If you go against it, it will be a disaster, and if you go against it, you can't afford it, which is the Tao. Tao, sage, fool admire it. Born from yin and yang, and died from the opposite; Rule from it, and chaos from it. Turning the tide against the tide is called the inner case. Therefore, the sage did not cure the disease, but did not cure the disease; It is also said that there is chaos without treatment and chaos without treatment. Husband's disease has become a medicine, and it is not too late to treat it after it has become chaotic. For example, it is still thirsty to cross a well and fight to cast a cone. Nourishing yin in autumn and winter. It is one of the principles of keeping in good health according to time in TCM. It is said that in autumn and winter, when everything is gathered, the health-preserving person should keep it at the right time, and it is necessary to protect it, so that the essence can be cohesive and nourish the five internal organs. Any loss * * * should be avoided.
According to the principle of nourishing yin in autumn and winter of TCM theory, we should eat more nourishing yin and moistening dryness and protein's rich diet to prevent autumn dryness from damaging yin, and supplement easily consumed energy and nutrients.
6. How did Zhuangzi Laozi and Confucius keep in good health? Laozi, a thinker and philosopher in the Spring and Autumn Period, was not only the founder of the Taoist school, but also a health practitioner. It is said that he lived 160 years old. "Historical Records" said: "Gai Laozi is over 60 years old, or more than 200 years old, and he lives by practicing Buddhism."
Laozi
Laozi believes that nature is the source of human life. If people want to maintain life activities, they must conform to nature and adapt to the laws of natural changes. Laozi also demanded that health care should first be done: less selfish thoughts, greed, and a contented mind. It is believed that the pursuit of wealth and lust is the source of disaster and the root of injury and loss of life. In the book Tao Te Ching, Laozi mentioned quietness and softness in many places, thinking that softness is the vitality of human body, just like a baby is full of vitality and vigor. Therefore, when we are often in silence and softness, it is beneficial to generate the true qi of the human body. Laozi's idea of keeping in good health, which follows nature, is indifferent to desires, and is quiet and gentle, has been continuously supplemented and improved by doctors and health experts, and has gradually developed into a unique way of keeping in good health in Chinese medicine.
Zhuangzi
Zhuangzi, the representative of Taoism after Laozi, is also a famous health preserving family. In the pre-Qin era, when the average life expectancy was only over 30 years old, Zhuangzi actually lived to 83 years old, which at that time was a miracle of longevity. Zhuang Ziyun: "People's health should also be like this, swimming in an empty environment, following the principles of nature." The "empty realm" here is not to send feelings to nothingness, but to say that to stay healthy and win a long life, we must be pure and follow the laws of nature. The so-called "abstinence from desire" means that the main factor that determines longevity lies in people's thoughts and emotions, so Zhuangzi highly values peace of mind, calmness and self-satisfaction, and broad-mindedness in life. From what Zhuangzi said above, we can easily see that if people want to live a long and healthy life, they must be carefree and comfortable first.
In addition, Zhuangzi also emphasized the need to maintain a normal mind and self-control. "Zhuangzi Rangyu" in China and Japan: "Those who can't win by themselves but can't be strong are seriously injured." It means that if you can't control your negative emotions, but stubbornly disobey your self-feelings, the wrong ideas will offset your conscience and add to your inner troubles, which is the easiest way to cause self-injury and die. In addition, Zhuangzi also developed Laozi's "less selfish desires" into "no desires". And clearly pointed out that only by completely "forgetting me" can we achieve real "no desire"; Only in "quietism" can we get the real way of keeping in good health and make the best of our days. Zhuangzi also believes that keeping in good health is just like knowing how to solve a cow. If you find out the rules, you can be comfortable and not hurt, and you can achieve the purpose of preserving your health, improving your whole life and prolonging your life.
Confucius
Confucius, the founder of the Confucian School in the late Spring and Autumn Period, lived 73 years, although his life was bumpy and his political ideals could not be implemented at that time. The main reason for his longevity is to pay attention to the way of keeping in good health. Confucius was very particular about diet in his later years, and he had the habit of not eating eight times. From the point of view of health care and food hygiene, most of them were correct. These eight don't eat are: don't eat food that has changed color, don't eat food that has changed flavor, don't eat old food, don't eat fish and meat that are stale, don't eat new vegetables from time to time, don't eat improperly cooked food, don't eat food with improper seasoning, and don't eat wine and cooked meat bought from the market.
In addition, Confucius has a famous saying: "Food is not tired of essence, and it is not tired of detail." Here "food" refers to grain, and "meat" refers to chopped meat. This means that you should eat more refined grain, and the finer the meat you eat, the better. Confucius thought: Only beauty is fine, can we live a long life. This sentence still has some truth for elderly people. The teeth of the elderly are not good, and the digestive function of the stomach is greatly weakened. For example, if the food is too thick, the meat is not finely cut, and it is not boiled, it will not bite, which will easily cause indigestion. Confucius adhered to the above dietary principles in his later years, ensuring the intake of nutrients, which is undoubtedly one of the main reasons for his health and longevity ~