The origin of Abrus cantoniensis

Source of medicinal materials: the whole grass of acacia kwangtungensis, a leguminous plant.

Latin plant and animal mineral name: abruscantoniensishance. exwighternan。 ]

Harvesting and storage: Harvesting can be carried out all year round. Generally, after June 5438+0 1- 12 or Qingming, the pods (seeds are poisonous) are removed, the root soil is cleaned, the stems and vines are tied into bundles, dried until 80% of them are dry and sweaty, and then completely dried.

Primitive morphology of Abrus cantoniensis

Acacia climbing shrub in Guangdong,1m; Dragon; Branchlets and petioles have coarse hairs. The taproot is stout and 60 cm long. The stem is thin, crimson, and the tender part is densely covered with yellow-brown hair. Even pinnate compound leaves; Leaflets 7- 12 pairs, obovate or oblong, 5- 12mm long and 3-5mm wide, with small awns at the top, shallow heart-shaped at the base, sparse coarse hairs at the top, dense hairs at the bottom and protruding veins on both sides; Stipules opposite. Racemes are short and axillary; The flower is about 6 mm long; Calyx campanulate; Corolla prominent, reddish; Stamens 9, connate into a tube, near the flag petal, separated from the upper part; Ovary subsessile, style short. Pods are rectangular, flat and sparsely hairy, with 4-5 seeds. The seeds are oblong, flat, brown-black, with obvious caruncle, waxy yellow, with holes in the middle, an oblong ring with an edge of 1, umbilical needle-like and close to the pod edge. It blooms in August and bears fruit in September -65438+ 10.

Identification method of Abrus cantoniensis;

Identification of Abrus cantoniensis;

This product is a whole grass with roots, which is mostly wound into bundles. The roots are cylindrical or conical, branched, with different lengths and thicknesses, and the diameter is 3-15 mm; The surface is grayish brown with fine longitudinal stripes; It's hard. Rhizomes are short and nodular. The stems are clustered and vine-like, with a length of 1m and a diameter of1.5-2.5 mm; The surface is grayish brown, the branchlets are brownish red, and the hairs are sparse; Even pinnate compound leaves, oblong leaflets, 8- 12mm long, and the lower surface is hairy. Slight breath and bitter taste. It is best to have thick roots and complete stems and leaves.

Microscopic identification of Abrus cantoniensis;

Cross section of stem: cork layer cells are full of yellow-brown substances. Cortical stenosis. The stele sheath consists of stone cells and fibers, and the cells around the fibers contain calcium oxalate crystals to form crystalline fibers. The phloem of vascular bundle is hat-shaped; The diameter of the vessel is 15-75μm, and wood rays and wood parenchyma cells contain starch granules and a small amount of square crystals. Myeloid cells are round.

Leaf surface view: the vertical wall of upper epidermal cells is wavy; Non-glandular hairy single cell; There are crystalline fibers along the veins. The stomata of the lower epidermis are flat-axis, and occasionally amorphous; There are more non-glandular hairs. Powder characteristics: grayish green.

① A single cell without glandular hairs, with a length of 160-800μm, a diameter of 12-22μm, a wall thickness of 3-6μm, a sharp tip and warty protrusions on the wall.

② The crystal cell walls around the crystal fibers are unevenly thickened and contain calcium oxalate cubes. The diameter is 5-11μ m.

③ The stone cells are round, square or rectangular, with a diameter of 16-40μm, and some walls are slightly thickened.

(4) The pores are flat-axis.

⑤ Cork cells are yellow and brown.

Physical and chemical identification of Abrus cantoniensis;

(1) Take the crude powder of this product 10g, add 70% ethanol 100ml, put it in a water bath for heating and refluxing for 30min, filter, put the filtrate in a water bath to volatilize all ethanol, add 1% hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve the residue, and filter. Take 3 filtrates, each 1 ml, and use them for the following tests:

(1) Add 1 drop of bismuth potassium iodide test solution to produce orange-red precipitate.

(2) Add 1 drop of potassium mercuric iodide test solution to produce grayish yellow precipitate.

③ Add 1 drop of silicotungstic acid test solution to produce milky white precipitate. (check alkaloids)

(2) Take the above-mentioned 1% hydrochloric acid insoluble matter, add 10ml 1% sodium hydride solution, heat and reflux in water bath for 30min, let it cool, move it to a separating funnel, add 20ml ether for oscillating extraction, separate the ether solution, evaporate, add 1ml glacial acetic acid to dissolve the residue, and. (check steroids)