Confucius was strict with himself all his life and never indulged himself. His "three precepts of health care" is a precious health care inscription for future generations.
Confucius said: "a gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, and he should be careful;" It is also strong, bloody, and it is in the fight; It is also old, and the blood gas is declining, so it is necessary to quit. " That is, when you are young, you should not be greedy in sexual life; When you are hot-blooded, you should prevent fighting; In old age, you should not be overworked physically and mentally, and you should abstain from "greed". These "three precepts" require no indulgence in youth, prime of life and old age.
(2) Optimistic and open-minded.
Confucius has a wide range of interests in "ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and counting" and is proficient in poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, spring and autumn. Confucius traveled around the world all his life in order to publicize his political opinions and ways to establish himself. Even in his later years, he was still optimistic.
Confucius' twenty-cross "health-preserving sutra": "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan; The knower moves, and the benevolent is quiet; Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. " It is a scientific summary of Confucius' life-long health and fitness. It means that smart people and people with benevolence, who like quietness, mountains and rivers, activities and optimism, will certainly live a long life. Confucius stated more clearly in The Doctrine of the Mean: "Great virtue will lead to its longevity." The so-called virtuous person must be respected, live with peace of mind, be aboveboard and open-minded. This is what we usually mean by "selfless heart and wide world".
(3) Don't eat too much and pay attention to hygiene.
Eating prudently, being content and not greedy, not overeating, and not eating indiscriminately are the golden rules of Confucius' life-long self-controlled diet and health preservation. He once put forward "Eight Don't Eat". Although some of them are debatable or inappropriate, they are basically about food hygiene and have reference value. "(1) moldy food, rotten fish and rotten meat don't eat;
2 Do not eat if the color is bad;
3 do not eat stinky;
4 uncooked rice and improper cooking;
⑤ Do not eat with improper seasoning;
6 not eating out of season;
⑦ Don't eat the meat if it is cut improperly;
8 wine and cooked meat bought in the market are not eaten. "Confucius' Family Language also puts forward that" young and old eat differently ",that is, different ages should be different in diet, and each should choose the diet method and habit that suits him best.
These remarks of Confucius, even today, are still in line with the hygiene standards, and they are also one of the earliest concrete expositions on diet and health preservation in China.
(4) Follow the rules in daily life and pay attention to posture.
In terms of daily life, Confucius also has specific requirements: "Sleeping without corpse, living without guests" and "Sleeping without language". "Sleeping without corpse" means not lying on your back like a corpse. Later generations, Sun Simiao and others put forward that it is advisable to bend your knees and lie on your side. The so-called "sleepless, sleeping as a teacher (lion) lying down" means "taking off your boots and sitting on your feet." "Old Old Heng Yan" said: "According to legend, Xiyi's sleeping formula is' bend your left foot on the left side, bend your left arm, hold your head on your hand, extend your right foot, place your right hand between your thighs, and lie on your right side." "The so-called" Huashan Chu Shi, as you can see, does not find a fairy to find a sleeping party ",which means this method. "Don't speak when sleeping" is also observed by later generations. "Those who can't speak when sleeping, speak like bells, and can't speak without hanging."
Confucius also attached importance to daily life. In response to Lu Aigong's request for advice on how to live a long life, he said: "If you sleep in a place from time to time, you will be killed if you eat inappropriately." That is to say, anyone who lives irregularly, eats without restraint and does not pay attention to the combination of work and rest will die of illness for a long time.
Confucius let the sheep go when he was a teenager. After living in poverty, he traveled around the country and suffered many hardships in order to publicize his theory. However, it is precisely because he summed up the practical experience of people's lives, explored the way of fitness, actively advocated and participated in sports activities, paid attention to eating and drinking regularly, and had a moderate diet and rest that he could stand the test of the embarrassment of traveling around. In the Spring and Autumn Period when medical care and living conditions were poor, Confucius could still live to the age of 73, which shows that Confucius is an educator who attaches great importance to sports health care and knows how to live a long life.
(5) the spirit of maintenance, the psychology of adjustment.
Confucius' students suffered from leprosy, and Confucius said regretfully, "People are human beings, and there are diseases.". It means that what kind of people are prone to what kind of diseases. Although Confucius' remarks are somewhat subjective, Confucius, as an educator and psychologist, may have noticed the relationship between diseases and people's personality and physique.
Over the past half century, due to the improvement of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, biological diseases have indeed decreased, and the relationship between mental health and diseases has been relatively exposed. At present, several major diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension and cor pulmonale, are closely related to mental state. Others, such as ulcer, neurodermatitis, psoriasis and diabetes, are also closely related to mental health.
Confucius said: "a gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, and he should be careful;" It is also strong, bloody, and it is in the fight; It is also old, and the blood gas is declining, so it is necessary to quit. " The word "de" means greed. When people get old, they still try their best to pursue fame and fortune, and what they get is often distress and even illness.
Confucius appreciated the state of mind of abstinence, and praised Yan Hui's mentality of "eating only once and drinking only once, in a mean lane, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their fun when they go back", saying "being virtuous and returning".
Confucius opposed laziness. He said, "It's hard to eat all day long and have no intention! There are no players, and for it, you are still virtuous. " It means that it is better to play chess than to stay idle.
Confucius likes music. He heard Shao (a kind of music name) in Qi, but he didn't know the taste of meat in March. With the help of music, we can cultivate our sentiment and calm our mind. When we are close to starvation, we are still "singing the string songs" and we are not worried about hunger and cold.
Confucius opposed the mental state of suffering from loss and complaining about others, and advocated being open-minded and resolute. He believes that three kinds of things are harmful to health: arrogance, wandering around, hunger and lust. Three things that are good for health are: regulating actions, being kind to others and making good friends.
Confucius' disciples said: "The son's Yan Ju, Shen Shen as well as Yao Yao as well." It means that when Confucius lived at home, his life was regular, his spirit was comfortable and his mood was comfortable.
Confucius commented on himself: "Being angry and forgetting food, being happy and forgetting worries, I don't know that old age is coming." From this point of view, Confucius is a good old man who does not know how to worry.