Germinated vegetables are edible buds, buds, germs, tender buds or tender stems that grow directly from seeds or other vegetative organs of plants under dark or light conditions. They are new healthy vegetables which are pollution-free and safe to eat in recent years. The soilless and nutrient-free production techniques of several common sprouts, such as pea seedlings, radish seedlings, mung bean sprouts and Toona sinensis, were introduced.

Selection of production site The production of sprouts has strict requirements on temperature, humidity, light, moisture and other conditions. Generally, the germination room is required to be 20-25℃, and the culture room is16-25℃; The light intensity of green products should be controlled below 30000-40000 lux, and semi-softened products should not exceed 1000 lux; There should be ventilation facilities in the breeding room to keep the indoor air fresh; There must also be a water storage and drainage system. Generally speaking, Guangdong is extremely hot in summer, so we should choose a house with dark light and easy cooling to produce semi-softened products with thinner stems, fewer leaves and lighter colors.

Soilless and nutrient-free cultivation of sprouts in production facilities is mostly carried out in a multi-layer three-dimensional way of seedling tray and paper bed. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable cultivation racks, containers and substrates. The cultivation rack is mainly used for placing multi-layer seedling trays in the cultivation room for three-dimensional cultivation, so as to improve the space utilization rate. For the convenience of management, the frame height is generally 160-2 10 cm, and each seedling tray has 4-5 floors; The frame is 150 cm long and 60 cm wide, and 6 seedling trays are placed on each floor; Cultivation containers are generally light plastic vegetable seedling trays, and the specifications of the seedling trays are 62× 23.6× 3-5cm. The culture medium should be clean, non-toxic, light in weight, strong in water absorption and water retention, and easy to handle after use, such as paper, white cotton cloth, perlite, etc. According to the production scale, containers such as pots, cans, bathtubs or cement pools for soaking seeds and cleaning seedling trays should be added.

Training and management

1. The quality of seed soaking is closely related to the growth uniformity, commodity rate and yield of buds. The seeds used in sprout vegetable production generally require good purity, cleanliness, high germination rate and full grains. Before sowing, the seeds should be cleaned to eliminate moth-eaten, broken, deformed, rotten, shriveled, extremely small and germinated seeds. In order to promote seed germination, some seeds need to be soaked after cleaning. Generally, seeds are washed with clean water at 20-30℃ for 2-3 times, and the soaking time of different varieties is different. Generally, peas and Toona sinensis are soaked for 24 hours, and radishes are soaked for 6-8 hours. After soaking, wash the seeds for 2-3 times and drain the excess water.

2. Before sowing, disinfect the plastic seedling tray with lime water or bleaching powder, then rinse it with clear water, and then lay a layer of paper on the bottom of the seedling tray, so that seeds such as peas, radishes and mung beans can be sown. In addition, lay a layer of perlite with a thickness of 1.5cm on the paved paper. Perlite must be added with water in advance, stirred and squeezed out of excess water. All seeds should be sown evenly, so that new buds can grow neatly. The sowing amount depends on the variety.

3. After accelerating germination and sowing, stack the seedling trays together and put them on the flat ground to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, the stacking height of seedling trays should not exceed 100 cm, and the interval between each stack should be 2-3 cm to facilitate ventilation. The temperature of the germination chamber is kept at 20-25℃. Toona sinensis has strict requirements, generally it must be kept at 20-22℃ to improve the germination rate. In order to maintain proper air humidity, the tray should be covered with wet linen bag, black plastic film or double-layer sunshade net. Spray water once a day during germination, and the amount of water should not be too large to avoid rotten buds. When spraying water, the position of the seedling tray should be changed once to make the cultivation environment of the seedling tray as uniform as possible and promote the orderly growth of seedlings. Under normal circumstances, germination can be finished in about 4 days.