Festivals: Same as the whole country. During the New Year, we eat dumplings, set off firecrackers, post Spring Festival couplets, visit houses and so on. After watching the New Year's Eve in the evening, we have to eat dumplings.
Food: Specialties——Dangdangdang~~~~sauerkraut. This is not available anywhere else. Just buy a lot of cabbage at the beginning of winter (there are also kohlrabi, but not as delicious as cabbage~), wash it quickly, put it in a jar, sprinkle it with salt, and seal it. Until about a month. Northeastern people love to eat stew. Because the weather is cold. There are also ginseng and deer antler. This is a special feature~ Northeastern dishes are large in size and rich in flavor. There are also mushrooms and wild vegetables. Northeastern people like to eat noodles and raw vegetables dipped in miso. My favorite is dumplings. Various fillings. There are also butcher dishes. Such as blood sausage. Pig-killing dishes must be made from freshly killed pigs.
Life: Use chrysantha as bedding. It is both warm and can be used to prevent moisture. After dinner, the elderly like to gather together and dance yangko. Also watch the duo. "I would rather give up a meal than two people." Northeastern people are outgoing and affectionate. Changchun was also rated as "the most humane city". Let me think about what else... In fact, I am from Changchun...
In terms of diet: eat stews, like spicy food (influenced by Russia and due to climate reasons, the taste is hot and sour), pickled Vegetables, such as sauerkraut, spicy cabbage (pickled spicy cabbage is similar to Korean food), and the Northeast is famous for its large dumplings.
In terms of leisure culture: Yangko dancing, performing and watching Errenzhuan, and Northeastern sketches (which together with Southern sketches form two major genres in my country, the Northeastern one has become the mainstream at present).
Northeastern Errenzhuan, historically known as: Xiaoyangge, Double Wanyi, Bengbeng, also known as: Singing Danzi, Ji Opera, Guokou, Double Bianqu, Fengliu, Spring Song, Banban Opera , Northeastern local opera, etc. It is one of the folk arts of singing and dancing native to Northeast China that evolved from Northeast folk songs. Erezhuan is a walking-singing folk art that is popular in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, as well as in the three alliances and one city in eastern Inner Mongolia.
Although Errenzhuan occasionally has some vulgar words and actions, it still has a very high artistic level and ornamental value. Therefore, the famous modern esthetician Wang Chaowen commented on Ernzhuan this way: She is like an innocent, lively, naughty, clever, shrewd and even a little wild girl. She is both beautiful and self-respecting. She can also be said to be a rose with thorns.
Errenzhuan embodies the essence of Northeastern folk songs, folk dances and oral literature. It is a folk art with strong local color that is popular in Northeast China and has a history of more than 300 years. It is the most popular folk culture in the cultural life of Northeastern people. In the Northeast, people ranging from 70- and 80-year-olds to children of several years old can sing a few songs, such as "The Second Sister Wang Misses Her Husband," "The Romance of the West Chamber," "Zhu Bajie Carrying His Wife," and "Two People Turning Little Hats," etc. Singing duo is almost an innate instinct of Northeastern people, and it is a culture passed down from generation to generation by Northeastern people. It has long been deeply loved by the people in Northeast China, especially the farmers.
Errenzhuan's songs are written in easy-to-understand language, humorous and full of life. The original Errenzhuan was performed by artists performing Yangko during the day and singing Northeastern folk tunes (commonly known as "Xiaoyang") at night. Later, with the increase in residents in the pass and the long-term cultural exchanges between various places, the connotation of Errenzhuan was greatly enriched. On the basis of the original Northeastern Yangge and Northeastern folk songs, it also absorbed various art forms such as Lotus Falls, Northeastern Dagu, Taiping Drum, Overlord Whip, Hebei Bangzi, Donkey Shadow Puppets and folk jokes. At the same time, it also incorporated some tunes and folk music from other singing forms. Xiao singing gradually evolved, so the performance forms and singing styles are very rich. There is a popular saying among the people that "I would rather give up a meal than pass it on for two people", which shows the profound influence of "Er Renzhuan" on the masses. It can be said that Errenzhuan best embodies the pursuit of artistic beauty by the working people of Northeast China.
Errenzhuan originally originated from the local culture. In the past, the cultural life in the northeastern rural areas was very poor. In the fields and fields, in a random open space, a man and a woman could sing happily without any props. Errenzhuan Bringing joy to the silent mountain village. Those actions such as throwing handkerchiefs, spinning fans, flirting with each other, and singing are all a kind of venting and randomness. Northeastern people are born strong. In the past, they relied on nomadism or fishing and hunting to survive. Their bohemian character allowed people to talk about sex without any taboos. The winter in the Northeast is very long, and the farmers have no choice but to sit on the bed and gossip. At this time, "meaty jokes" become the ingredients for their jokes.
Therefore, there were many "eating" and "eating" in Errenzhuan before liberation. The actors spoke freely on the stage, and "eating" and "pink words" were flying all over the place to attract the audience. Some people even say that Errenzhuan is a local and authentic "farm dish" and a reflection of Northeastern folk customs. If Errenzhuan loses its sexual culture and loses its "crudeness" and "vulgarity", Errenzhuan will lose its vitality and lose its vast rural market, and it cannot be called Errenzhuan.
The duo is sung by two men ("bottoms") and two women ("tops"). as props. The basic tunes include "Wen Keke", "Wu Keke", "Trumpet Brand", "Dajiujia", "Siping Tune", "Shisan Ke", "Hongliuzi", "Hu Hu Tune", "Xiao Hu Tune" "Rolling over", "Dabei Tune", etc. Frequently performed programs include "Fighting Birds", "Selling Lines", "Yin Gong Bao", "Ancient City", "Blue Bridge", "West Chamber", "Baqiao", "Shuangsuo Mountain", "Huarong Road", " "Visiting the Palace", "Reporting Number", "Compensating Sister", "Pao Dao", "Zenyu Temple", "Yang Bajie's Spring Tour", etc.
The original Errenzhuan is called the "yellow" Errenzhuan, and the modified Errenzhuan is called the "green" Errenzhuan. But people from the Northeast believe that the most eye-catching part of Errenzhuan is the word "lang". The slightly erotic jokes are performed superbly in Errenzhuan. They are direct, hot and uninhibited, and will make you stunned and blushing for the first time. I secretly exclaimed and grinned knowingly. When you laugh, you are completely relaxed. The audience in the audience reveals the real side of their lives in the laughter. Er Er Zhuan does not hide its complete entertainment spirit.
The performance methods of Errenzhuan can be roughly divided into three types. One is a form of duet in which two people disguise themselves as one ugly person, talking, singing, and dancing at the same time. This is a veritable "two-person turn"; one is where one person sings and dances at the same time, which is called "singing out"; and there is another type. , actors appear on the stage in various roles to sing, which is called "drawing opera"; the accompaniment instruments are mainly erhu, banhu, suona, and electronic keyboard.
The expression techniques of Errenzhuan actors are said to be "four skills and one unique skill". The "four skills" include singing, speaking, pretending, and dancing; the "one skill" refers to stunts performed with handkerchiefs, fans, big boards and other props. The first of the four skills is "singing", which is high-pitched and prosperous, humorous, and pays attention to taste, tone and strength; "speaking" refers to speaking, mostly using lively folk language, mainly gags, and is witty and flexible; "pretending" refers to speaking It refers to the way in which characters are played to express their emotions through form, and the fake is confused with the real one. It pays attention to "two people play one role, and they are not distracted", "one person plays multiple roles, and the people are not distracted"; and "dance" is even more unique, with shoulder skills, waist skills, The footwork is very distinctive, especially the wrist skills, including wrist flat, wrist turn, wrist flick, wrist press, wrist wrap, wrist shake, etc., which are all amazing. The "one unique skill" of the two-person dance is the handkerchief flower and the fan flower. This part is similar to the Northeastern Yangge. The dancer holding a big board in his right hand and a swing in his left hand can dance "willows swayed by the wind", "immortal picking beans", "golden dragon coiling jade pillar", "black tiger coming out of the mountain", "golden rat returning to its hole", " Twist your head and brain" and other difficult movements.
Before liberation, folk artists were invited to form groups during the slack season. Most of them were "singing camps" and singing was performed at night. Three to five days later, ask the local squire to be the "Qitou" and "Qi Qian" or "Qi Liang" (that is, collect money or grain) from each household. A few of them go to towns and cities to "shop around", perform in large car shops, and "give money" to the audience (mostly tourists) during the performance.
After liberation, the people's government cared about and supported the prosperity and development of Errenzhuan. It held training classes for old Errenzhuan artists and training classes for new students. It invited old artists to teach their skills to students and organized Errenzhuan artists to observe each other, especially the popular Errenzhuan in recent years. Popular singing and electroacoustic instruments have also been incorporated into Errenzhuan, gradually evolving into a comprehensive folk art form now, with more enriched performance forms and singing styles. The continuous development and improvement of Errenzhuan fully reflects the Northeast working people's pursuit of artistic beauty and their creative spirit of advancing with the times. In addition to excellent traditional programs, the singing content has also included programs that reflect real life. In terms of performance forms, low-level things such as "romantic" and "funny" have been basically eliminated. With the increasing number of actresses, male string actors have The phenomenon of women's clothing has also become rare.
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Because Changbai Mountain is rich in ginseng, although there was a strict ban in the early Qing Dynasty prohibiting people from entering the mountain to dig, the number of people collecting it privately increased year by year. Especially in the late Kangxi period, a large number of farmers in Shandong and Hebei went bankrupt. These old farmers were struggling to make ends meet. So they traveled over the mountains and seas to the old forests of Changbai Mountain and secretly entered the forbidden area to dig. There was an endless stream of people. Digging ginseng into the mountains, commonly known as "farming the mountains", is a very difficult and dangerous labor. To avoid being caught by the government and to fight against the harsh natural environment, five, seven or a dozen people need to organize collective action. The leader is called "the leader", and when there are many people, there is a "second leader". When entering the mountain, the leader will first lead everyone to worship the mountain god (commonly known as Lao Baotou), burn incense and make offerings, kowtow and make wishes, and pray: "The mountain god is on top of me. I am a disciple going into the mountain to pick up goods. Please show me the way. Let me open my eyes, get a lot of goods, and make a fortune. When I come back, I will kill chickens and pigs to fulfill your wish."
The mountain release season usually starts from the Qingming Festival to the Bailu period in the third month of the lunar calendar. The ginseng picking market in Guangdong is called "Fangyacao City", also called "Fangbroom City", and in June and July it is called "Fanghonghamutou City". Since the release of mountains begins in the third month of the lunar calendar, people regard the tenth day of the third month of the lunar calendar as the first festival of the mountain god. Farmers in the mountains, especially those who go into the mountains to dig ginseng, will burn incense and make offerings to the mountain god for his birthday, and they will make delicious dishes to celebrate. During the sacrifice, there was also a set of prayers that seemed to be sung but not sung, saying: "I live in Laiyang and my surname is Sun. I traveled across mountains and seas to dig ginseng. I ate a lot of clams in three days. I was unwilling to find ginseng!"
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Northeastern Folk Customs - Brazier
A brazier is a folk heating tool in Northeast China. It is filled with "small ash" and placed on the fire pit. It warms the whole house instantly.
In the past, northern residents mostly relied on fire pits for indoor heating, and the heat in the house often did not rise easily. Sometimes even heating the kang could not withstand the severe cold of wind and snow outside, so people invented the brazier.
The braziers are made of clay, iron, or copper, and come in different sizes. Some even have pictures of auspicious flowers engraved on the edges of the pots. "Little ash" is the ashes after burning of plants such as "bean tree", "corn grass" and "stubble". They are hard in texture and generally only burn 60 to 70% when they are shoveled out from the kang hole or stove pit, so their heat is still very high. Making them into "little ash" can fully maintain the heat. .
Warming up over the fire is a kind of fun for adults and children here. In the severe winter, when the wind and snow are howling outside, the whole family sits on the hot kang, telling stories, cutting window grilles, collecting shoe soles, playing games, and burning some snacks in the brazier, including potatoes, sweet potatoes, soybean grains, corn grains, etc., while roasting While eating. Sometimes they take out the sticky bean buns from the wall of the small warehouse and bake them in the ashes. A scent of fragrance wafted through the room. Adults and children scrambled to eat the roasted yellow bean buns, which were really sweet and fragrant.
The fire pit is also determined by the structure of the room here. The Sushen people, the ancestors of Guandong, mostly lived in the mountains and forests and were engaged in activities such as gold panning, hunting, digging ginseng, etc. Most of the houses in the mountains were called "zi". According to "Guandong Dizi Kao", this type of house is divided into "inside" and "outside". The so-called "lizi" is also called "festival" by mountain people: it is the same as the whole country. During the New Year, they eat dumplings, set off firecrackers, post Spring Festival couplets, visit houses and so on. After staying up late in the evening, they also eat dumplings.
Food: Features - ——Dang dang dang~~~~ Pickled cabbage. This is not available elsewhere. Just buy a lot of cabbage in the winter (there are also kohlrabi, but not as delicious as cabbage~), wash it quickly, put it in the tank, and sprinkle it. Salt and seal. Northeastern people like to eat stews because the weather is cold. Northeastern people also like to eat ginseng and velvet. Noodles, raw vegetables dipped in miso, and dumplings with various fillings. For example, the pork sausage is made from freshly killed pigs.
Fenglu grass is used as bedding. It is warm and can be used to prevent moisture. After dinner, the elderly like to gather together and watch the two-person dance. "I would rather give up a meal than two people." Emotions. Changchun was also rated as "the most humane city".
Let me think about what else... In fact, I am from Changchun...
In terms of diet: eat stews, like spicy food (influenced by Russia and due to climate reasons, the taste is hot and sour), pickled Vegetables, such as sauerkraut, spicy cabbage (pickled spicy cabbage is similar to Korean food), and the Northeast is famous for its large dumplings.
In terms of leisure culture: Yangko dancing, performing and watching Errenzhuan, and Northeastern sketches (which together with Southern sketches form two major genres in my country, the Northeastern one has become the mainstream at present).
Northeastern Errenzhuan, historically known as: Xiaoyangge, Double Wanyi, Bengbeng, also known as: Singing Danzi, Ji Opera, Guokou, Double Bianqu, Fengliu, Spring Song, Banban Opera , Northeastern local opera, etc. It is one of the folk arts of singing and dancing native to Northeast China that evolved from Northeast folk songs. Erezhuan is a walking-singing folk art that is popular in the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the three leagues and one city in eastern Inner Mongolia.
Although Errenzhuan occasionally has some vulgar words and actions, it still has a very high artistic level and ornamental value. Therefore, the famous modern esthetician Wang Chaowen commented on Ernzhuan this way: She is like an innocent, lively, naughty, clever, shrewd and even a little wild girl. She is both beautiful and self-respecting. She can also be said to be a rose with thorns.
Errenzhuan embodies the essence of Northeastern folk songs, folk dances and oral literature. It is a folk art with strong local color that is popular in Northeast China and has a history of more than 300 years. It is the most popular folk culture in the cultural life of Northeastern people. In the Northeast, people ranging from 70- and 80-year-olds to children of several years old can sing a few songs, such as "The Second Sister Wang Misses Her Husband," "The Romance of the West Chamber," "Zhu Bajie Carrying His Wife," and "Two People Turning Little Hats," etc. Singing duo is almost an innate instinct of Northeastern people, and it is a culture passed down from generation to generation by Northeastern people. It has long been deeply loved by the people in Northeast China, especially the farmers.
Errenzhuan's songs are written in easy-to-understand language, humorous and full of life. The original Errenzhuan was performed by artists performing Yangko during the day and singing Northeastern folk tunes (commonly known as "Xiaoyang") at night. Later, with the increase in residents in the pass and the long-term cultural exchanges between various places, the connotation of Errenzhuan was greatly enriched. On the basis of the original Northeastern Yangge and Northeastern folk songs, it also absorbed various art forms such as Lotus Falls, Northeastern Dagu, Taiping Drum, Overlord Whip, Hebei Bangzi, Donkey Shadow Puppets and folk jokes. At the same time, it also incorporated some tunes and folk music from other singing forms. Xiao singing gradually evolved, so the performance forms and singing styles are very rich. There is a popular saying among the people that "I would rather give up a meal than pass it on for two people", which shows the profound influence of "Er Renzhuan" on the masses. It can be said that Errenzhuan best embodies the pursuit of artistic beauty by the working people of Northeast China.
Errenzhuan originally originated from the local culture. In the past, the cultural life in the rural areas of Northeast China was very poor. In the fields, in a random open space, a man and a woman could sing happily without any props. Errenzhuan Bringing joy to the silent mountain village. Those actions such as throwing handkerchiefs, spinning fans, flirting with each other, and singing are all a kind of venting and randomness. Northeastern people are born strong. In the past, they relied on nomadic herding or fishing and hunting to survive. Their bohemian character allowed people to talk about sex without hesitation. The winter in the Northeast is very long, and farmers have no choice but to sit on the bed and gossip. At this time, "meaty jokes" become the ingredients for their jokes. Therefore, there were many "eating" and "eating" in Errenzhuan before liberation. The actors spoke freely on the stage, and "eating" and "pink words" were flying all over the place to attract the audience. Some people even say that Errenzhuan is a local and authentic "farm dish" and a reflection of Northeastern folk customs. If Errenzhuan loses its sexual culture and loses its "crudeness" and "vulgarity", Errenzhuan will lose its vitality and lose its vast rural market, and it cannot be called Errenzhuan.
The duo is sung by two men ("bottoms") and women ("tops"). as props. The basic tunes include "Wen Ke Ke", "Wu Ke Ke", "Trumpet Brand", "Da Jiu Jia", "Si Ping Tune", "Thirteen Ke", "Hong Liu Zi", "Hu Hu Tune", "Xiao Hu Tune" "Rollover", "Dabei Tune", etc. Frequently performed programs include "Fighting Birds", "Selling Lines", "Yin Gong Bao", "Ancient City", "Blue Bridge", "West Chamber", "Baqiao", "Shuangsuo Mountain", "Huarong Road", " "Visiting the Palace", "Reporting Number", "Compensating Sister", "Pao Dao", "Zenyu Temple", "Yang Bajie's Spring Tour", etc.
The original Errenzhuan is called the "yellow" Errenzhuan, and the modified Errenzhuan is called the "green" Errenzhuan. But people from the Northeast believe that the most eye-catching part of Errenzhuan is the word "lang". The slightly erotic jokes are superbly performed in Errenzhuan. They are direct, hot and uninhibited, and will make you, a newcomer, stunned and blushing. I secretly exclaimed and grinned knowingly. When you laugh, you are completely relaxed. The audience in the audience reveals the true side of their lives in the laughter. Er Er Zhuan does not hide its complete entertainment spirit.
The performance methods of Errenzhuan can be roughly divided into three types. One is a form of duet in which two people disguise themselves as one ugly person, singing, singing and dancing at the same time. This is a veritable "two-person turn"; one is a form where one person sings and dances at the same time, which is called "singing out"; and there is another type. , actors appear on the stage in various roles to sing, which is called "drawing opera"; the accompaniment instruments are mainly erhu, banhu, suona, and electronic keyboard.
The performance techniques of Errenzhuan actors are said to be "four skills and one unique skill". The "four skills" include singing, speaking, pretending, and dancing; the "one skill" refers to stunts performed with handkerchiefs, fans, big boards and other props. The first of the four skills is "singing", which is high-pitched and prosperous, humorous, and pays attention to taste, tone and strength; "speaking" refers to speaking, mostly using lively folk language, mainly gags, and is witty and flexible; "pretending" refers to speaking It refers to the way in which characters are played to express their emotions through form, and the fake is confused with the real one. It pays attention to "two people play one role, and they are not distracted", "one person plays multiple roles, and the people are not distracted"; and "dance" is even more unique, with shoulder skills, waist skills, The footwork is very distinctive, especially the wrist skills, including wrist flat, wrist turn, wrist flick, wrist press, wrist wrap, wrist shake, etc., which are all amazing. The "one unique skill" of the two-person dance is the handkerchief flower and the fan flower. This part is similar to the Northeastern Yangge. The dancer holding a big board in his right hand and a swing in his left hand can dance "willows swayed by the wind", "immortal picking beans", "golden dragon coiling jade pillar", "black tiger coming out of the mountain", "golden rat returning to its hole", " Twist your head and brain" and other difficult movements.
Before liberation, folk artists were invited to form groups during the slack season. Most of them were "singing camps" and singing was performed at night. Three to five days later, ask the local squire to be the "Qitou" and "Qi Qian" or "Qi Liang" (that is, collect money or grain) from each household. A few of them go to towns and cities to "shop around", perform in large car shops, and "give money" to the audience (mostly tourists) during the performance.
Northeastern folk customs - brazier
The brazier is a folk heating tool in the Northeast. "Small ash" is filled in it and placed on the fire pit to warm the whole house.
In the past, northern residents mostly relied on fire pits for indoor heating, and the heat in the house often did not rise easily. Sometimes even heating the kang could not withstand the severe cold of wind and snow outside, so people invented the brazier.
The braziers are made of clay, iron, or copper, and come in different sizes. Some even have pictures of auspicious flowers engraved on the edges of the pots. "Little ash" is the ashes after burning of plants such as "bean tree", "corn grass" and "stubble". They are hard in texture and generally only burn 60 to 70% when they are shoveled out from the kang hole or stove pit, so their heat is still very high. Making them into "little ash" can fully maintain the heat. .
The fire pit is also determined by the structure of the room here. The Sushen people, the ancestors of Guandong, mostly lived in the mountains and forests, and were engaged in activities such as gold panning, farming, hunting, and ginseng digging. Most of the houses in the mountains were called "zi". According to "Guandong Dizi Kao", this type of house is divided into "inside" and "outside". The so-called lizi, also called "nuanzi" by mountain people, is a house where mountain people live all year round. Such a house is usually built more than half a meter underground, and then the frame is raised, a fire kang is built in the room, and a brazier is placed on top of the kang. People who have returned from working in mountain villages should take off their clothes and pants immediately after entering the house and bake them on the kang to remove moisture. Due to the humidity in the mountains, no matter in spring, summer, autumn or winter, the kang head is given to "clothes". If the bags and shoes are not dried and heated, they will not be able to go up the mountain the next day, especially those who are gold panning or farming gangs.
The Four Weird Monsters of the Northeast
Speaking of the folk customs of the Northeast, there is such a jingle: "Adobe thatched cottages with fences, windows covered with paper, girls in their 17s and 18s smoking pipes, Feed the children and hang them up.” These are the famous "Four Northeastern Monsters" and four folklore phenomena unique to the Northeast. Next, let us get to know these four major folk customs one by one.
Adobe thatched cottage fence village What is adobe? It is a kind of "adobe brick" made of mud and grass. It is used to build walls and build a kang (commonly known as a "kang") when building a house. The walls of the house are made of this kind of adobe, the beam frame of the house is a wooden frame composed of beams, sandalwood and rafters, and the roof is covered with grass.
Most of the houses in Northeast China have a herringbone-shaped roof with a hard mountain ridge on the side. The roof slopes down from the main ridge to the front and back, which are called "front slope" and "back slope" respectively. Covering roofs with grass, commonly known as "thatch", is also a technically demanding craft in rural areas. The method of thatch differs from region to region. Usually, on the top of the wooden frame, a "fang bar" braided with straw (sorghum poles) or tree strips is first laid, and then mud is applied to fill the gaps. The top part of the grass is placed on top of the thatch. It is laid down layer by layer and reinforced with straw ropes in order to prevent it from slipping and being blown away by the wind.
The house built in this way is called "Adobe Thatched House" in the past. The most common house in the countryside is this kind of house with earth walls and thatched roof. I was born on an adobe kang in such a house, and spent 13 years of my childhood in this house. The new house was built with adobe, but it was made of bricks. It looked much more beautiful and high-end than the adobe house. It was several years ahead of the others in the village.
The fence refers to the fence village. Around the house, "barriers" made of branches or straw were used to protect livestock and keep out wind and rain.
In this way, this "adobe thatched cottage fence" became the residence of Guandong Village. This is a major feature that has been maintained in the northeastern countryside for a long time. Because there are nearly five months of cold weather in this year, building houses with adobe is warm in winter and cool in summer, so it is economical and affordable. With the improvement of living standards, people gradually bid farewell to adobe houses and gradually built houses with brick and tile structures.
From ancient times to modern times, people’s impressions of the customs of a certain area have been influenced by the papering on the windows. We often start by observing the houses there - or rather, the styles of the people's houses. As one of the important symbols of local culture, houses can reflect the basic characteristics of the local customs and customs. One of the most profound impressions of Northeastern folk houses
In Shanhaiguan and in the south, window paper is stuck on the inside of the window lattice, and various types of "panchang" and "lantern brocade" can be seen from the outside of the house. Fancy window pane patterns. The Northeastern people did the opposite and stuck the window paper on the outside of the window lattice. Therefore, when outsiders saw the window paper on the windows of Guandong houses, they became the whole window. "Blocks", naturally I am not used to it and regard it as strange.
The "pasted" window paper is not ordinary paper, it is a kind of "local paper" made by Kanto paper craftsmen using local materials ", or "hemp paper". Its raw materials are locally produced reeds, thin rods, threads, old wadding, etc., which are chopped, rolled, washed, steamed, threaded, precipitated, papered, and dried. It is carefully made through a series of processes such as drying. Although this kind of paper is not as white as rice paper, it is very strong and flexible. After being sprayed with gum oil, tung oil, perilla oil and salt water, it has strong waterproof and moisture-proof properties. It is not afraid of rain, snow, or indoor water vapor. It is not a problem to stick it on the window for half a year. It can be replaced once in spring and autumn.
Window paper is also a technique that pays attention to the straightness and smoothness. , can be beautiful and extend the service life. Whether the window paper is neat or worn is also an external indicator of how well a family is living. When I was a child, my parents always had such window paper on the windows. People, that paper is neat and clean no matter spring, summer, autumn or winter. Every time he changed the paper, my father never let anyone else do it. My mother always made the paddle and my father glued the paper, so seriously that there was no room for wrinkles.
The girl is holding a big tobacco bag. In the past, there were almost two "baskets" on the kangs of Guandong farmhouses. One was a "work basket" for women to do needlework, and the other was a "cigarette basket" for holding dry cigarettes. . Smoking, like needlework, is an essential part of every household's daily life. Girls who are about to get married are supposed to be the most quiet and elegant, but in the past, most of them were also among the "smokers". This strange thing is enough to explain the prosperity of smoking in the Northeast in the past.
There are many legends about smoking pipes and tobacco bags (cigarette purses). The pipe pot is mostly made of brass and cupronickel. In addition to copper, the pipe mouthpiece is also made of jade, agate, lapis lazuli, emerald and other materials. The pipe rod is made of copper or wood, with ebony being the best. Generally speaking, the cigarette sticks used by men are shorter, probably no more than one foot, because they are often active outside and are easy to carry. The cigarette pot and cigarette tea bag are also larger and can be pinned to the belt when going out. Women usually smoke at home, and are accustomed to using slender pipe rods with relatively small pots, which are called "Kun pipes." The cigarette purses are oblate for older people and long for young people, and both sides are embroidered with patterns such as flowers, birds, and fish.
Among them, the pipe stems used by old ladies are particularly long, usually more than two feet long. After filling the cigarettes, they often cannot reach to light the fire themselves, or they have to be helped by younger people, or they can reach into the stove fire or the brazier on the kang to light it themselves. When they sit on the kang and need to carry something a little further away, they often don't need to move, they can just use a long pipe to hook it over. The old lady who smokes a pipe also has a "unique skill", that is, she can sit on the kang and spit out four or five feet away. Anyone who sees this for the first time will find it strange. Among the folk in Northeast China, holding a long tobacco bag has become the standard image of an old lady. It is said that my mother has been filling cigarette pouches for her grandmother since she was a child. Because she often tinkered with these things, when she was a little older, she started to hold cigarette pouches herself, and she has been holding them for more than 70 years. Nowadays, the biggest enjoyment of my mother, who is nearly eighty years old, is to lie on the kang, holding a long cigarette bag in her mouth, and take a few puffs of cigarettes quietly.
Raising a baby and hanging it up This is the fourth "weird" in Northeast China, which means putting a baby in a suspended stroller. For example, most people who are over 35 years old and grew up in the rural areas of Northeast China have had the experience of being "hanged up" as children. I was raised by being "hanged up". I don't know how many years I was kept in a carriage, but I can be sure that my memory started in the carriage.
To make a trolley, thin wood chips are first fumigated with water vapor and then bent into an approximately oval shape. The joints are firmly connected with leather ropes or nails, and then the cross beams and bottom plates are installed at the bottom. After it is made, the two ends are slightly upturned, shaped like a boat, and a "car bow" is installed on the middle and front part of the upper edge of the car body. The four corners are equipped with iron rings, leather ropes and car hooks, which are hung on the "descendants rafters" above the kang. The outside of the car is painted with red and yellow paint and decorated with auspicious words and patterns such as "long life and wealth" and "nine sons and ten percent". There are also small bells and small toys made of cloth and bone tied to the hanging rope, which are not only used to coax children to play, but also add decorative effect.
When a child sleeps in a stroller, he or she usually does not lay out a cotton mattress, but uses a cloth bag filled with rice bran to place it underneath him. Comfortable and less likely to get sick. The pillows used in the car are also filled with bran, and are filled relatively full to make them "hard", because this has a special meaning. Northeastern women often say that children who sleep in carriages grow up to be in good shape, without problems such as chicken breasts, bow-shaped back, sloppy shoulders, and bow-legged legs. Since children with their arms and legs tied cannot turn over at will and can only lie on their backs in the stroller, and the pillows are very hard, the "back of the head" will become flatter over time. Northeastern people take this as a beauty and call it "sleeping with a flat head." , and regard "running loud in front and spooning behind" as an abnormal brain type, which is the "adverse consequence" of "Guanli people" not sleeping in Youche.
Honestly speaking, there are indeed many benefits to Yoche parenting. The baby's mother only takes it out for feeding when the baby is hungry, freeing up her hands to do housework. The child is safe lying in the stroller, and can fall asleep peacefully while listening to the mother's lullaby while being gently rocked. Since the carriage is very high, after the child falls asleep, a "car cover" made of thin cloth is placed on the "car bow" to cover it, so that the baby will not catch wind and cold, and can also avoid mosquito bites. Because of these many benefits, the Han people who later "traveled to Guandong" quickly accepted this parenting custom of the Manchus. Like them, they hung their children in a carriage to spend their first years in the world. .
In addition to these four monsters, there is another monster in the Northeast, which is "the fur coat is worn outside". The climate in the Northeast is very cold, and many people wear fur coats in winter. However, it requires economic conditions to hang the leather tube on the cloth and wear it with the wool facing inside. So the poor people turn over the old sheepskin leather tube and wear it with the leather board as the lining. It does not affect thermal insulation and is convenient. The fur coats worn by lesbians today may have come from this. However, nowadays, wearing a fur coat is fashionable, but back then, wearing a fur coat was "weird"!