Bauhinia bark:

Bauhinia bark, "Rihuazi Materia Medica" recorded as the dried bark of the legume Bauhinia, Bauhinia is also known as full of stripes of red (Qunfangbiao), Ussan, basket tree, purple gold plate, flat head of the Weng. Deciduous trees or large shrubs. Born alone in the mountains or cultivated in the garden, most parts of the country have distribution. The root bark (Zingiber officinale root bark), wood (Zingiber officinale wood), flowers (Zingiber officinale flowers), and fruit (Zingiber officinale fruit) of this plant can be used for medicine. In addition, the barks of the plant Magnoliaceae, Zingiber officinale, and Zingiber officinale, Leguminosae, recorded in the Compendium of National Traditional Chinese Medicines, are all called Bauhinia bark. The legume Bauhinia is the main source.

Bauhinia bark

Nihuazi Materia Medica

Synonyms: Flesh Red, Nei Xie (Compendium), Bauhinia bark (Materia Medica Jingshu), Bailin bark (Classified Herbs and Medicinal Properties)

Botanical Morphology Edit

Confluent or solitary shrubs, 2-5 meters tall; bark and branchlets grayish-white. Leaves papery, suborbicular or triangular-orbicular, 5-10 centimeters long

, as wide as or slightly shorter than long, apex acute, base shallowly to y cordate, usually glabrous on both surfaces, young leaves green, petioles only slightly purplish, margins membranous-transparent, conspicuously visible when fresh.

Flowers purplish-red or pink, more than 2-10 in bunches, clustered on old branches and the main trunk, especially on the main trunk, the bunches of flowers are more, the more to the young and tender branches in the upper part of the flowers are less, usually open before the leaves, but the flowers on the shoots or young plants are open at the same time as the leaves, flowers 1-1.3 cm; pedicel 3-9 mm; keel petal base with dark purple mottling; ovary green, shiny and glabrous at the time of the buds, and densely pubescent in the later stages. densely pubescent, with 6-7 ovules.

Pods compressed narrowly oblong, green, 4-8 cm long, 1-1.2 cm wide, wings ca. 1.5 mm wide, apex acute or shortly acuminate, rostrum fine and curved, base long acuminate, both sutures symmetric or nearly so; neck 2-4 mm long; seeds 2-6, broadly oblong, 5-6 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, black-brown, shiny. Fl. March-April; fr. Aug-Oct. [1]

The bark is harvested in July-August, brushed off and dried in the sun.

4Medicine morphology editing

Dried bark in long cylindrical or grooved pieces, all curled inward, about 6-25 cm long, about 3 cm wide, about 3-6 mm thick, the exterior gray-brown, wrinkled, the inner surface of the purple-brown, with a fine longitudinal texture. The texture is solid, not easy to break, gray-red cross-section. To light illumination, visible small bright stars. Gas no, taste astringent. To long, thick skin, solid is better. [2]

Mainly produced in Sichuan, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places.

In addition to the above varieties, there are also plants of the same genus Yunnan Bauhinia, with heart-shaped or nearly heart-shaped leaves, less pubescent below. Racemes, with 8 to 24 flowers, flowers rose-red, 15 mm long. The pods are shorter, with 1 to 2 seeds (distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi). Its root bark is also equally used in medicine. The herb is cylindrical or lumpy, with an orange-red or orange-yellow outer skin with transverse lines, and a dark brown inner surface with longitudinal lines. It is produced in Yunnan.

5Identification Editor

Microscopic identification (skin cross-section): cork layer of several rows of cells, brown. The cortex has clusters of stone cells and bundles of fibers and crystalline fiber bundles, and the walls of the stone cells are thin. Rays couch-like, phloem with fibers and crystalline fiber bundles scattered. Thin-walled cells filled with starch grains. Powder characteristics: reddish brown. ①Crystalline sheath fibers are 450-700 μm long, 20-35 μm in diameter, calcium oxalate prismatic crystals are 20-30 μm in diameter. ②Stone cells are similarly rounded, 60-200 μm in diameter. ③Starch grains are numerous.

Chemical identification: take 1g of powder, add 10ml of petroleum ether, shaking for 10 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation on a water bath, residue with 5% aromatic aldehyde sulfuric acid solution 2-3 drops, that is, the purple-red color, and the color deepens after placing. (Check the volatile oil)[3]

6 Chemical Composition Editor

Bauhinia contains tannins. The seeds contain traces of free lysine and aspartic acid.

7 Pharmacological effects Edit

The bark of Bauhinia has an inhibitory effect on Kyocera PR-1 virus, and retards its pathology against orphan viruses. It inhibits the growth of staphylococci in the test tube.

1. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects The bark decoction 20g/kg infusion of xylene-induced swelling of mouse ears and horny gumball-induced swelling of mouse feet have a significant inhibitory effect. And can significantly inhibit the number of acetic acid-induced writhing mice, indicating a significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect. However, there was no synergistic effect on the sleep number of mice caused by sodium pentobarbital, indicating no analgesic effect.

2. The effect on intestinal smooth muscle The bark decoction 40mg/ml concentration can inhibit the spontaneous movement of isolated rat duodenal smooth muscle, so that the contraction amplitude is reduced, the frequency of electricity. 20mg/ml also significantly antagonize the spasm of the intestinal tube caused by acetylcholine, barium chloride, indicating the antispasmodic effect.

3. Antipathogenic microorganisms The bark decoction in vitro on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and dysentery bacilli, as well as Trichophyton rubrum, etc., and has been reported to inhibit the influenza virus, and delayed the echovirus-induced cytopathic lesions.

4. Toxicity The LD50 of the decoction of the bark of the product infused into mice was 100.5±10.8g/kg.[2]

8 Concoctions Edit

Picked clean impurities, soaked in water, fished out and moistened, and cut into pieces and sun-dried.

The Yunnan Materia Medica: "Stir-fry over with burnt wine." [1]

9 Sexual and Flavor Characteristics Editor

Bitter, flat.

1) Kai Bao Ben Cao: "Bitter flavor, flat, non-toxic."

② "Diannan Materia Medica": "Warm in nature, bitter in flavor, poisonous."

10 attribution records edited

① "Yunnan Materia Medica": "Entering the liver and spleen meridians."

②Compendium: "Entering the blood division of the syncopal yin of the hand and foot."

11Utilities and IndicationsEdit

Promoting blood circulation and opening menstruation, subduing swellings and removing toxins. It is used to treat wind-cold and damp paralysis, women's menstrual closure, blood pain, laryngeal paralysis, gonorrhea, carbuncle, scabies, bruises, snake and insect bites.

①Kai Bao Ben Cao: "Mainly breaks up persistent blood, and lowers the five gonorrhea, and is taken in thick boiled form."

② "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Passing the small intestine."

3 "Diannan Materia Medica": "treatment of pain in the muscles and bones, wind-cold and damp paralysis, numbness, paralysis, impotence and weakness, warm tendons, lumbar pain, treatment of women's blood cold abdominal pain."

4 "Compendium": "Promoting blood circulation, eliminating swelling and detoxification, treating women's blood pain, menstrual stagnation."

⑤ Classified Herbal Medicinal Properties: "Treating bruises, sore throat, toothache, women's menstrual disorders, red avalanches and leucorrhoea, dispersing blood and relieving pain, ringworm."

6 Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine: "Treating paralysis of the throat, applying externally to snake and insect bites." [1]

12 Usage and Dosage Editor

Internally: decoction, 10-20 grams; immersed in wine or into pills, bulk. External use: Ground and mixed with compresses.

13Contraindications

Pregnant women should not take.

14Selected Edit

①Treatment of musculoskeletal pain, phlegm-fire impotence and softness, wet gas flow phlegm: Bauhinia bark two taels (fried in wine), Qin (dang) revertive five money, Chuan hyssop three money, Chuan qiangwu two money, papaya three money. On the good wine five pounds, heavy soup fried an incense stick for the degree, dew overnight, to remove the fire with poison. ("Diannan Materia Medica")

2 cure crane's knee wind contracture: real Zijingpi. Decoction of old wine, wait for the temperature to take. ("Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Zhi Fang")

3 ③ treatment of women's blood: Zijingpi for the end, vinegar paste pills, cherry size. Take one pill each time you drink wine. ("Women's good prescription addendum")

4 treatment of post-partum drenching: Bauhinia bark five money. Decoct half wine and half water, take warm. ("woman's good prescription supplement")

5 treatment of all carbuncles and gangrene, hair back, flow injection, all swelling poison cold and heat is unknown: Sichuan zijingpi (fried) five two, one live (remove section, fried) three two, red peony (fried) two two, dahuric dahuricae (raw) one or two, wood wax (also known as the look forward to see the elimination of the snow, the Yangchun snow, with the addition of the subtraction of the wonderful, i.e., calamus). For the end, with onion soup hot compress. ("Immortal Chuan surgical set of check and verify the formula" punch and fairy cream, also known as yellow cloud cream, fairy cream)

6 internal elimination of the first carbuncle: dahuric dahurica, zingiber officinale. Wine transfer. (Immortal Surgical Collection and Examination Formula "a victory cream)

⑦ treatment of hemorrhoids swelling and pain: Zingiber officinale five money. Fresh water before eating decoction. ("Ren Zhai Direct Directions")

8 treatment of bruises and swelling of the injured eye: Bauhinia bark. Urine soaked seven days, sun research, with raw rhubarb juice, ginger juice dressing, not swollen with onion juice. ("Yong class Inscription formula")[1]

15 Editorials of famous writers

The Materia Medica: "The flavors of the blood are mostly pungent and warm, so that the blood is warmed up and moves. The detoxifiers are mostly bitter and cold, as the poison is knotted by pungent heat. This flavor (Zingiber officinale) can activate blood and detoxification, it must not bitter cold, nor bitter warm, the so-called gas of the herb is also flat. But the first philosophers say that flat is cool, or in the detoxification of the use of cut. The lake's said to take the Shu production of its bitter flavor such as gallbladder, cover the nature of its non-octane temperature, so the very bitter for the work, the bitter main churning is also. This flavor of blood detoxification, function and play, the blood stasis and heat, is not suitable for good things.

Purple grass bark:

English name RADIX ARNEBIAE/RADIX LITHOSPERMI

Alias hard purslane, soft purslane

Source This product is the purslane of the family of plants Xinjiang purslane Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. or the dried root of the comfrey Arnebia guttata Bunge in Inner Mongolia. It is extracted in spring and fall, and then dried after removing sand and mud.

Method

Xinjiang comfrey: remove impurities, cut thick slices or segments; comfrey, Inner Mongolia comfrey remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut thin slices, dry.

Xinjiang comfrey slices (soft comfrey) for irregular cylindrical slices or strip-shaped slices, 1 ~ 2.5 cm in diameter. purplish-red or purple-brown. Cortex dark purple. Cylindrical slices, wood is smaller, yellowish white or yellow.

Comfrey slices (hard comfrey) are irregular cylindrical slices, 1 to 2 cm in diameter. purplish red or purplish black. The skin is dark purple. Hard texture, the wood part is larger, gray-yellow.

Determined according to the above method under [Content Determination], this product contains hydroxyl naphthoquinone total pigment in terms of levonorgestrel (C16H16O5), not less than 0.90%.

Traits

Xinjiang comfrey (soft comfrey): irregular long cylindrical, more twisted, 7-20cm long, 1-2.5cm in diameter, the surface of the purple-red or purple-brown, the skin lax, strip-shaped sheet, often more than 10 overlapping layers, easy to peel off. Some divergent stem stumps are visible at the tip. The body is light, fluffy, easy to break, the section is not neat, the wood part is small, yellowish white or yellow. The smell is peculiar, the taste is slightly bitter and astringent.

Comfrey (hard comfrey): conical, twisted, branched, 7-14cm long, 1-2cm in diameter. surface purple-red or purple-black, rough with longitudinal stripes, the skin is thin, easy to peel off. Hard and brittle, easy to break, the fracture surface of the skin part of dark purple, wood part of the larger, gray-yellow.

Nemun comfrey: conical or cylindrical, twisted, 6-20cm long, 0.5-4cm in diameter, the root head is slightly thick, the tip of the stump 1 or more, covered with short stiff hairs. The surface is purplish red or dark purple, the skin is slightly thin, often overlapping layers, easy to peel. The texture is hard and brittle, easy to break, the section is more neat, the skin part is purple-red, the wood part is smaller, yellowish white. The smell is peculiar, and the taste is astringent.

Identification

(1) Take 0.5g of the powder, placed in a test tube, the bottom of the test tube is heated to produce red gas, and the test tube wall condenses into reddish-brown oil droplets.

(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 5ml of ethanol, impregnated for 1 hour, filtered, the residue washed with 2ml of ethanol, the washings were added to the filtrate, concentrated to about 1ml, as a test solution. Take the control product, add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as the control solution. According to thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B), absorb 4μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively, on the same sodium carboxymethylcellulose as the binder on silica gel G thin layer plate, with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid (5:1:0.1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, and air dry. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control product, the same violet-red spot was shown; then sprayed with 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, the spot changed to blue.

Content determination

Appropriate amount of this product, dry at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, crushed (through the third sieve) precision weighing of about 0.5g, placed in a 100ml measuring flask, add ethanol to the scale, shaking within 4 hours, filtration, precision measurement of the filtrate 5 ml, placed in a 25ml measuring flask, add ethanol to the scale, shaking well. According to the spectrophotometric method (Appendix V B), in the 516nm wavelength to determine the absorbance, according to the absorption coefficient of levulin (C16H16O5) (E1% 1cm) for 242 calculations, that is, obtained.

This product contains hydroxyl naphthoquinone total pigment in terms of levonorgestrel (C16H16O5), not less than 0.80%.

These properties are sweet, salty and cold. Sweet, salty, cold. Attributed to the heart and liver meridians.

Functions and Indications Cooling the blood, activating the blood, detoxifying and penetrating the rash. It is used in treating blood-heat and toxicity, purple and black spots, impenetrable measles, sores, eczema, and scalded by water and fire.

Use and dosage 5~9g. Apply externally in appropriate amount, boiling ointment or soaked in vegetable oil and rubbed.

Storage In a dry place.

Remarks (1) This product is cold in nature, has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, detoxifying and penetrating the rash, so it can be used with Cicada yi, burdock, forsythia, jingzhi and so on for the symptoms of blood-heat and toxicity, measles, rash and other symptoms of poor penetration, such as cicada yi, burdock, forsythia, jingzhi and so on; such as the rash and the color is very dark, purple and dark and not red, this is also the symptoms of blood-heat and toxicity, and it is necessary to use the cool blood detoxifying medicines such as dandelion, paeonia lactiflora, yinhua, lianchou and other medicines together. In addition, the trial of this product to prevent measles, can reduce the symptoms of measles or reduce the incidence of measles.

Excerpts from Chinese Pharmacopoeia