breeding method
In addition to seed propagation, wild Schisandra chinensis mainly propagates through underground transverse stems. In artificial cultivation, many people have studied cutting, layering and seed propagation. In this way, although cutting layering can also take root and develop into plants, it is difficult to take root and the required conditions are not easy to master, so it is not as good as seed propagation. The seed propagation method is simple and easy, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained in a short time.
Seed selection method
Selection of seeds It is best to choose the raw ear of Schisandra chinensis seeds at autumn harvest, and choose the ear with large and uniform fruit grains as seeds, and dry them separately for preservation. When it is dry, don't bake it on the fire, fry it on the kang or in the pot. Can be dried in the sun or in the shade and stored in a ventilated and dry place.
seed treatment
(1) Before outdoor treatment and freezing, soak the fruits selected as seeds in clear water until the pulp floats, and rub off the pulp. Schisandra chinensis has many grains. The seed yield is about 60%, and the particles floating on the water can be removed at the same time. Soak the seeds in clear water for 5-7 days, so that the seeds can fully absorb water. Change the water once every two days, and some particles can be removed when changing the water. After soaking, take out the stems, mix them with wet sand 2-3 times as much as the seeds, put them into a pit about 0.5 meters deep prepared outdoors, cover them with fine soil of 10- 15 cm, and then cover them with firewood or grass curtains for low-temperature treatment. May-June of the following year can be divided into plants for sowing.
(2) Indoor treatment In late February, the seeds were moved indoors to remove pulp, mixed with wet sand, and placed in a wooden box for sand storage treatment. The temperature could be kept at 5℃- 15℃, and the seeds could be split in the next spring.
Sowing and seedling raising
1. Select the nursery. Fertile humus soil or sand can be selected for nursery land.
Quality loam, you can also choose old ginseng. Seedbed is the best way to raise seedlings, which can be made according to different soil conditions. Low-lying and waterlogged plots can be made into high beds with a bed height of about 15 cm. Land with high drought and little rain can be made into flat beds. No matter what kind of bed, there must be loose soil layer above 15cm, and the bed width is 1.2m, depending on the terrain. The bed soil should be carefully raked to remove impurities, and 5- 10 kg of decomposed manure should be applied per square meter, which should be fully and evenly mixed with the bed soil, and the bed surface should be leveled before sowing.
2. Sowing time and method. Generally speaking, the treated seeds are sown from early May to mid-June, and then drilled or spread. Borehole row spacing10cm, covering soil1.5-3cm. The sowing amount per square meter is about 30 grams. You can also sow fresh seeds in the current year from early August to early September, that is, choose large and full fruit grains with the same maturity in the current year, rub off the pulp, rinse them with clear water, dry them and sow them.
3. Tian Miao Management. After sowing, set up a shed with a height of 1- 1.5m, shade it with a straw curtain or a reed curtain, water the soil when it is dry to keep the soil moisture at 30%-40%, and remove the shade curtain when the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves. And always keep responsible and clean, and then transplant and plant in the next spring.
Tiantuan management
1. Irrigation and fertilization
Schisandra likes fat, and it needs fat during its growing period.
Adequate water and nutrition. After the plants survive, water the algae frequently, keep the soil moist, and water them once before freezing, so as to facilitate wintering. During the flowering and fruiting period of pregnant buds, in addition to enough water, a lot of nutrients are needed. Topdressing every year 1-2 times, the first time in the leaf development stage, the second time after flowering. Generally, 5- 10 kg of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied to each plant. Topdressing method: an annular ditch with a depth of 15-20 cm can be opened about 30-50 cm from the root, and the soil can be covered after fertilizer application. Don't hurt the roots when ditching.
prune
The branches of Schisandra chinensis can be pruned in spring, summer and autumn.
(1) Spring pruning is generally carried out before the branches germinate. Cut off the dense fruit branches and dead branches. After cutting, the branches are moderately dense and do not interfere with each other.
(2) Summer felling is generally carried out from mid-May to mid-August. Mainly to cut off the basic branches, drilling branches, overlapping branches, pest branches and so on. At the same time, too dense new branches also need to be thinned or shortened. Summer cutting is going well, and you can cut it lightly or not in autumn. [3]
(3) Autumn cutting after defoliation. It is mainly to cut off the basic branches after pruning in summer. In addition, a calluses antiseptic film was put on the trimmed wound in time to promote wound healing and prevent invasion and infection of germs.
No matter when pruning, you should choose to leave 2-3 nutrient branches as the main branches and lead the vines to the shelves. Spraying Wang Kehua No.3 can greatly promote flower bud differentiation, improve flowering and fruit setting rate, inhibit excessive growth of new shoots, and completely balance the years.
Scaffolding should be done in the second year after transplantation The column can be made of cement column or angle steel, and a horizontal line can be drawn on the upper part of the column with wooden pole or No.8 iron wire. Erect a bamboo pole or wooden pole with a height of 2.5-3 meters and a diameter of 1.5-5 cm at each main vine, fix it on the horizontal line with tie lines, and then lead the vine to the shelf. At first, it can be strongly tied, and then naturally wound on the shelf.
thicken
Spraying Zhuangguodiling on the fruit stalks of Schisandra chinensis in bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage can thicken the fruit stalks, increase nutrient transport, prevent flowering, improve pollination ability, increase fruit setting rate, accelerate the expansion speed and ensure high quality and high yield.
Step 4 loosen the soil and weed
During the growth of Schisandra chinensis, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time to keep the soil loose and free from weeds. When loosening the soil, we should avoid the root system and make a tree tray at the base of Schisandra chinensis to facilitate irrigation.
Cultivate soil
Soil cultivation in Schisandra chinensis base before winter can protect Schisandra chinensis from overwintering safely.
disease control
Root rot:
From the beginning of May to the beginning of August, the disease started. At the beginning, the leaves withered, the joint between the root and the ground turned black and rotted, and the root bark fell off. A few days later, the sick plant died.
Prevention and control methods: choose land with high drought and good drainage for planting; At the onset stage, rhizosphere irrigation was carried out with 50% carbendazim solution 500- 1000 times.
leaf blight
From the end of May to the beginning of July, the disease dried up from the tip or edge, gradually spread to the whole leaf surface, dried up and fell off, and then the fruit shrank, leading to early fruit drop. It is serious when it is hot and humid and has poor ventilation.
Prevention and control methods: on the 7th 7~ 10/0 day, spray 1 times of Bordeaux mixture, and spray 500 times of triadimefon or thiophanate-methyl at the onset.
Fruit rot
Brown or black spots appear on the surface of the fruit and then turn black.
Control method: spray 50% mancozeb solution 500-600 times every 10 day for 3-4 times continuously.
Powdery mildew and black spot
It is two common diseases of Schisandra chinensis, which usually occur in early June. The initial stages of these two diseases are similar and can be controlled at the same time. Spraying 1 times 1: 1: 100 times of bordeaux mixture in late May for prevention. If you are not sick, 1 time can be sprayed for 7~ 10 days.
Control method: spray 0.3~0.5 times of sulfur mixed solution or 800 times of triadimefon and thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to control powdery mildew; Spraying mancozeb 50% wettable powder for 600~800 times to control black spot. If both diseases are developing, triadimefon and mancozeb can be mixed for 1 secondary control. The concentrations mentioned above can still be used.
Leaf roller moth
Larvae occur in July and August. The adult is dark brown with wings spread 25-27 cm. The larvae are yellow and white at first, and then green. The first-instar larvae bite the mesophyll, and after the third instar, they spin silk and roll leaves to feed, which affects the fruit development of Schisandra chinensis, and in severe cases, it produces fruit drop, resulting in reduced production.
Control method: spray 80% trichlorfon with 1000~ 1500 times solution, and control larvae with 40% dimethoate EC after leaf rolling.