Gentian is a collective name for plants of the Gentianaceae family and the Chinese herbal medicine gentian. The plant Gentian is distributed in mainland China, Russia, Japan and North Korea, and grows at an altitude of 400 meters to 1,700 meters above sea level. There are more than 240 species of Gentian in China, mostly produced in the southwestern alpine area, only a few species around Beijing, and azalea, primrose, known as the world's three major alpine flowers. Gentian is also an important medicinal plant, and its roots and rhizomes are used as medicine to clear heat, diarrhea the liver, and calm fright. The Compendium of Materia Medica states: "Bitter in flavor, astringent, cold and non-toxic. The main treatment of cold and heat between the bones, fright disease evil, following the absolute injury, set the five viscera, kill insects and poison." In addition, gentian is used as a weapon in the game.
The plants of Gentianaceae that have ornamental value include Gorgeous Gentian, Tasseled Gentian, Orchid Yuzan Gentian, Leafy Calyx Gentian, Large-flowered Gentian, and Wide-flowered Gentian. Gentian with its gorgeous and colorful flowers, won the love of the people.
Pharmacological effects:
1. Effects on the digestive tract Gentian or gentian bitter glucoside can promote gastric juice and gastric acid secretion, given orally to dogs causing gastric fistula with gentian bitter glucoside can promote gastric secretion of gastric juice, and can increase the free hydrochloric acid, appetite enhancement. And sublingual application or intravenous injection is not effective, so it is believed that gentianoside can directly promote gastric juice secretion and increase free acid.
2. Choleretic and hepatoprotective effects of healthy and liver-damaged mice, duodenum given 50g/kg gentian injection or healthy dogs intravenous injection of 4.5g/kg, can significantly increase the flow of bile. Two peaks at 5 and 20 minutes of administration were seen in the bile secretion flow curves of dogs. Gentianoside has a protective effect on the acute injury model of mouse liver caused by carbon tetrachloride and D-aminogalactose (Galn), and can reduce the degree of hepatic necrosis and hepatocellular lesions in the administered group, and counteract the impairment of hepatic glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes caused by carbon tetrachloride. Gentian injection 25g/kg subcutaneous injection can significantly reduce the serum bilirubin level in the mouse experimental jaundice model (hyperbilirubinemia and bile deposition) caused by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate.
3. Diuretic effect
Gentian injection 10g/kg, ear vein injection, can make 5 rabbits from the administration of the average urinary output per 30 minutes before 0.76 ml to 2.64 ml (p
4. Antibacterial effect
Tried 14 species of gentian plants, of which 7 on rhizobium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, rhizocarcinogenic soil Bacillus, etc. have effect. Gentian herb water infusion in the test tube on gypsum-like Trichophyton asteroides nucifera and other skin fungi have different degrees of inhibition. The test tube method proved that gentian decoction had different degrees of inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Typhoid fever bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and so on.
5. Effects on central nervous system
Gentian showed excitatory effects on the central nervous system of mice, but anesthetic effects were observed at higher doses. It is also reported that choline 25-200mg/kg intraperitoneal injection or gavage, has central inhibitory effect, can reduce the spontaneous activity and directional reflexes in mice, prolong the sleep time of sodium pentobarbital and chloral hydrate, reduce body temperature, relax muscles, as well as to reduce the toxicity of strychnine, etc.; 200-400mg/kg has sedative effect on mice, and can reduce the mouse's ability to move. Swertia bitter glucoside can inhibit the central nervous system, with analgesic and sedative effects. Antispasmodic effect on the intestines and uterine smooth muscle; 6. Other effects When taken in large quantities, it can impede digestion, sometimes headache, flushing, trapped in dizziness. Has been used to contain gentian (species not specified) of the chemical cancer Dan trial in mice Ehrlich ascites small carcinoma, proved to have anti-tumor effects. Gentian tincture in large doses has a hypotensive effect on anesthetized animals and inhibits the heart, slowing down the heart rate. Gentian bitter glucoside from G. lutea to malaria parasite has a high toxicity for malaria fever and antimicrobial formaldehyde experimental arthritis swelling and other effects. Gentian alkaloids have hypotensive effect on cats and anti-inflammatory effect on formaldehyde experimental arthritis swelling in rats. Gentian aqueous extract has inhibitory effect on chloropicrin-induced delayed-type allergic reactions in mice.
6. Toxicity
The LD50 of gavage of gentian in mice is 460mg/kg, subcutaneous injection is more than 500mg/kg, and intravenous injection is 250-300mg/kg. It is also reported that the LD50 of gavage of gentian in mice is 1.3g/kg.