Before it was destroyed, Yuanmingyuan was called "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens", and it was the most magnificent royal garden in the world. During the more than 100 years from Kangxi (1707) to Daoguang period, after the continuous construction of emperors in the Qing Dynasty, it finally covered an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of160,000 square meters, with more than 150 landscapes. I'm afraid it's possible to use state power.
PS: Yuanmingyuan was originally a garden given by Kangxi to Yongzheng. Yuanming is the name of Yongzheng, and Yuanming actually means Yongzheng's garden.
Let me mainly talk about the situation of Yuanmingyuan. After reading it, you should not have the idea of rebuilding Yuanmingyuan.
Expansion in the history of Yuanmingyuan After Yongzheng ascended the throne in 1722, the original Yuanmingyuan was expanded. He built a complete set of government agencies in the garden, such as the hall of justice, the cabinet, and the Sixth Department. Simply put, Yongzheng can not only come here for the summer, but also work here, which is equivalent to moving the entire administrative agency to Yuanmingyuan.
In addition, Yongzheng also expanded Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden on the east side of Yuanmingyuan, forming the basic pattern of the three parks in Yuanmingyuan. The arrival of the emperor expanded the scenic spot of Yuanmingyuan, such as the expansion of Xiyanglou scenic spot during Qianlong period and the renovation of the park during Jiaqing period. During the Daoguang period, although the national strength declined and the financial resources were insufficient, the Yuanmingyuan was rebuilt and decorated.
The construction of Yuanmingyuan has experienced five emperors, namely Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang. The most prosperous period was during Qianlong, and at most there were more than 100 landscapes in Yuanmingyuan, of which 40 were called "Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan". This kind of landscape is not an ordinary landscape, but a unique landscape as one scene, which constitutes forty scenes. Each of these landscapes can be called a "garden in a garden", with different forms and self-contained systems.
As for the details of these landscapes, we can refer to Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan in Qianlong period, which was the scene of Yuanmingyuan painted by court painters in Qianlong period, from which we can see how magnificent and exquisite the landscape of Yuanmingyuan was at that time.
▲ With such a landscape, there are no fewer than 40 Yuanmingyuan. How much will it cost to rebuild it?
In the heyday of Qianlong, there were at least 600 small gardens in Yuanmingyuan, the scale of which was the first among royal gardens at all times and in all countries. The building area of Yuanmingyuan is160,000 square meters. What is the concept? You can refer to the Forbidden City, which has a construction area of150,000 square meters. In other words, the scale of Yuanmingyuan is actually larger than the Forbidden City.
Let's talk about the architectural landscape of several Yuanmingyuan. Zhengda Guangming temple
▲ Restoration map of Zhengda Guangming Hall in Yuanmingyuan
The Zhengda Guangming Hall in Yuanmingyuan is the first of the 40 scenic spots in Yuanmingyuan. It was completely built according to the Forbidden City's Ganqing Palace, but it is slightly smaller in scale, but more exquisite than Ganqing Palace, and its administrative functions are completely consistent with Ganqing Palace. The emperor can carry out a series of activities here, such as attending court, listening to politics, meeting, banquet and so on.
In the main hall, there is the throne of the emperor's rosewood, on which is a bright plaque nominated by Yongzheng himself, and an inverted "Fu" written by Qianlong. On both sides of the throne are high screens decorated with jade and peacock feathers.
The Zhengda Guangming Temple was rebuilt during the Qianlong period, and all the materials used were gold nanmu. At that time, there was not enough gold nanmu to build the Zhengda Guangming Temple, so Qianlong stole a lot of gold nanmu from the Ming Tombs to build this temple.
If it is to be restored, it is only that the current market price of Phoebe bournei ranges from100,000 to 300,000 yuan. It is estimated that there are not dozens of tons of Phoebe bournei, and it is impossible to restore it at all. As far as this cost is concerned, even if it is calculated according to the minimum price of 10 ton of gold-rimmed nanmu and 10 million yuan, the cost of gold-rimmed nanmu will need 2 billion! The golden nanmu used to build the imperial tomb in the Ming Dynasty must be the best golden nanmu. If it is sold in the current market, it will definitely not be the lowest price of100000 yuan.
Other situations, such as the price of rosewood throne, are difficult to estimate. I can only give you a reference here. On March 6, 20 17, the 18th-century rosewood single-board enclosure arhat bed sold at Christie's new york auction for more than 3.6 million dollars.
You know, this is just a bed made of red sandalwood in the Qing Dynasty, which can fetch more than 3.6 million US dollars. The specifications of the red sandalwood throne used by the emperor will definitely be much higher than such a red sandalwood bed. If you really take it out and sell it, you can imagine how much money you can sell. Just 3.6 million US dollars is equivalent to about 25 million yuan. It is estimated that the emperor's throne can't be taken at all.
In addition, each of those tall screens is a work of art, with jade inlaid on it and peacock feathers, etc. If the whole Zhengda Guangming Hall in Yuanmingyuan is to be restored, the cost is hard to estimate.
Hong Ci Yong Shu Hong Ci Yong Shu, also known as Anyou Palace, is the royal ancestral temple in Yuanmingyuan in the middle and Qing Dynasties, and it is the largest and highest-standard building in the garden. The front of the hall is dedicated to the statue of Kangxi, the statue of Yongzheng in the east and the statue of Qianlong in the west. There are two glass archways in front of the hall, each with a pair of huabiao.
There is also the Jinshui Bridge in Anyou Palace, the innermost of which is a high platform carved with white marble. If we want to restore this palace, the cost of building materials is very huge, not to mention the interior decoration in the palace. At present, the price of white marble in the market is usually 1500-2200 yuan per square meter, and the price of white marble used to build the royal ancestral temple will definitely use very good white marble. Among them, the cost of building such as glazed archway, Hua Biao and Jinshui Bridge will be how much. I am a non-engineering major, and I also ask my engineering students to help me figure it out.
However, no matter how it is calculated, it is only one of the 40 scenic spots in Yuanmingyuan.
Square pot scenic spot Square pot scenic spot is the most magnificent landscape in Yuanmingyuan, which was built by the emperor in pursuit of immortality, imitating the place where the immortals lived in the East China Sea.
In order to simulate the fairyland in the East China Sea, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty dug a deep pool here and built a sea fairy mountain in the pool, which simulated the imaginary scene of the fairy mountain at that time. There are 9 palaces, more than 2,000 Buddha statues and more than 30 pagodas in the scenic spot of Fanghu, and the building is exceptionally magnificent. This is a magnificent human landscape, which can be said to be used by the emperor to pray for God.
If it is to be restored, it is only the price of more than 2,000 Buddha statues, which is estimated to be sky-high, not to mention more than 30 stupas. The stupa in the Yuanmingyuan is a stupa dedicated to the relics. According to the auction price in the market, the relics in the Qianlong period can be photographed at 8-10 million yuan, and all the restoration is just the relics needed, so I don't know how much it will cost.
Being frank and frank is a goldfish pond, which is a landscape specially built for viewing goldfish in the garden. It is surrounded by buildings, with a pool in the middle. The pool is paved with huge granite slabs, among which thousands of koi fish are raised. Among them, the grotesque rocks and rockeries crisscross, which are extremely pleasing to the eye during koi fish's shuttle.
Be frank and open in the frank and open scenic spot, there is also a summer dormitory, which is used by Qianlong during the summer vacation, also called the half-acre garden. The decoration is extremely luxurious, and the whole room is made of red sandalwood and golden nanmu, which is extremely elegant. Today, the tiring room in the Forbidden City is the complete restoration of the frank dormitory in Yuanmingyuan, and it is also the most luxurious room in the Forbidden City. It can be said that the ordinary room in Yuanmingyuan became the most luxurious room in the Forbidden City, and it is conceivable that the luxury of Yuanmingyuan was that year.
Haiyue Kaijin Haiyue Kaijin is a building in Changchun Garden Lake, the tallest pavilion in the Yuanmingyuan and the most luxurious Chinese architecture in Changchun Garden.
The base of Haiyue placket is round, with a diameter of nearly 100 meters, which is divided into two floors. The base is made of white marble and looks like a mirage from a distance.
The western building is the only scenic spot in the whole park that imitates western architecture, and it is the best embodiment of Qianlong's elegant taste.
The construction time of the whole Western Building is as long as 12 years. During this period, white marble was mostly used, and the carving was exquisite, combining Chinese architecture with western carving techniques. Many of the construction industries became the symbols of Yuanmingyuan.
For example, Dashui method
It used to be a large fountain, which was just one of the three fountains in Changchun Garden. The water dropped layer by layer and merged into the pool at that time, and then the fountain was composed of ten bronze dogs and a bronze deer. In the fountain, the bronze dog will spray water on the bronze deer, which is very delicate and unique.
The building behind Dashuifa is Yuanyingguan, which was built by Qianlong in the past for the beloved Xiangfei. The interior furnishings are very luxurious. There are a large number of French Louis-style palace furniture, all of which were given or purchased by the West. The western gold-plated copper bed and western bathtub were specially customized according to Xiangfei's figure, as well as the Turkish tapestry presented by the French king and the astronomical instrument presented by King George III of England. The celestial running instrument is also displayed in the hall.
Haiyan Hall Haiyan Hall is the largest water spraying landscape in the whole Yuanmingyuan, and the most essence here is the fountain of the zodiac in front of the building.
Let's not talk about anything else. Let's say that the animal heads of the 12 Zodiacs were robbed in the west after the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. Among them, the head of the ox, the head of the monkey and the head of the tiger were taken back by Poly Group in 2000 at a cost of nearly HK$ 30 million. The head of the pig and the head of the horse were bought back by the Macao patriot Stanley in 2003 and 2007 at a cost of more than HK$ 6 million and HK$ 69 10/00,000 respectively. At present, only the head of the ox If you want to collect the animal heads of the 12 Zodiacs, it is estimated that it will be a huge expense.
When the Yuanmingyuan was robbed, there were more than1500,000 pieces of cultural relics alone, including the rare treasures such as "A Picture of Women's History" by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. How much will it cost to collect all the cultural relics in Yuanmingyuan?
The above situation is only a small part of the Yuanmingyuan, so the total cost of restoring the entire Yuanmingyuan is incalculable, and it is only possible to use the strength of the whole country to truly restore it. But what is the point of mobilizing the strength of the whole country to restore a royal garden in the Qing Dynasty? It is meaningful to use this money to support more modernization. Even if it really recovers, if the country is not strong, will it still be robbed in the future? Therefore, it is meaningless to restore Yuanmingyuan now.
It is better to keep these ruins, so as to alert future generations.