One, the cultivation season
Mao fungus is a high temperature, stable temperature firming fungi. More cold and heat resistance, mycelium in 0 ℃ below a long time will not die, in 37 ℃ can still grow. Mycelium growth optimal degree of 23-30 ℃, the best temperature for the growth of the entity 20-27 ℃, due to the altitude of different places, should be adapted to the development of different cultivation programs.
Scientific formula
Mao fungus bag cultivation medium formula has the following kinds. (1)80% wood chips, 16% epidermis, 2.5% gypsum, 1.2% sugar, 0.3% magnesium sulfate, 55-60% water content. (2) 55% wood chips, 30% cottonseed hulls, 12% wheat hulls, 1.6% gypsum, 1% sugar, 0.4% urea, water content 55-60%. (3) bagasse 62%, wood chips 20%, wheat hull 15%, gypsum 2.5%, calcium carbonate 5%, water content 55-58%. The medium preparation method was carried out according to the routine.
Three, bag production
The prepared culture material timely bagging. Commonly used cultivation bag specifications 17x33, 15x55 cm. After loading the material into the atmospheric sterilization stove in a timely manner, 100 ℃ to maintain 14-16 hours. Sterilization up to standard, unload the bag, move into the culture room cooling, cooling to 28 ℃ below, aseptic operation access to the strain.
Four, indoor management
The first 3 days after inoculation, the temperature can be controlled at 25-28 ℃, so that mycelium grows rapidly to occupy the inoculation hole, and then the temperature can be controlled at 24-27 ℃. After inoculation 7 days are not allowed to turn the bag, so as to avoid the infection of stray bacteria, the more the bag is turned over the higher the rate of contamination. 10 days after the mycelium has occupied the hole, the diameter of the mycelium is about 5 centimeters, this time to start turning over to check for stray bacteria, and found that the contamination of the bag should be dealt with in a timely manner. Due to the rapid growth of mycelium, the metabolism is constantly strengthened, the bag temperature of the bag also rises. For this reason, when turning over the bag to be thinned out, to prevent high-temperature burning of bacteria, germination period of about 50 days.
Five, outdoor ear field:
Mao fungus cultivation shed with mushroom shed, here only four points of attention; (1) good control of pests and diseases and fungi work, the ground should be dug 20 centimeters deep, sunshine white before the whole bed. Sprinkle some drugs such as dichlorvos, phoxim, lego, etc. on and around the beds. (2) The ditch should be left 40 cm wide, both as a sidewalk, but also as a drainage ditch. (3) ear shed around the dense, to prevent the outside wind blowing into the ear shed. (4)Rows of bags should be firm, the diameter of the wooden stick is more than 2 cm, the wooden stick is 20 cm apart, and with the horizontal edge of the perpendicular.
Sixth, open the hole row field
After 50 to 60 days of culture management, mushroom bags have been covered with white mycelium can be opened. Open holes with a whisker razor blade to cut holes. The shape of the hole has "V", "∧", "+", "O" type four, to "V" type is the best. A bag is usually cut 12 to 14 cuts, l cm in diameter. The holes and holes are staggered in a plum type, the bags are spaced 3-5 centimeters apart, and are placed on the rows of tube racks in the beds at an incline of 80°.
Seven, out of the ear
After the germination of the bag, whether the normal ear, related to the success or failure of cultivation. In the bag before the ear, by spraying heavy water, to create high humidity, light, oxygen ecological conditions. Constant temperature control at about 30 ℃ to stimulate the formation of protoplasts and substrate differentiation.
After the hairy fungus is out of the bag, it is transferred to growth management, mainly to control the temperature, humidity, air and light.
1, temperature: temperature control at about 28 ℃, the daily temperature difference is less than 8 ℃, the original base can be normal differentiation, the child entity normal tiller. When the temperature is high, the mushroom shed coverings should be thickened, and cold water should be sprayed on the space and film to reduce the temperature of the ear shed; when the temperature is low, the coverings should be thinned out to let the heat of the sun enter the ear shed and increase the temperature of the ear shed.
2, humidity: refers to moisture and air relative humidity. Moisture refers to the water spray and the water content of the bag. Under the conditions of good moisture and humidity conditions, the ear piece does not close the edge, when twisted by hand, elastic, front and back can be separated, gelatinous, but there is no accumulation of water. Spray water twice a day after ventilation and air exchange, i.e., ventilate twice and spray water twice. Immediately after spraying water to cover the film, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at about 90%, that is, there are small water droplets on the film, but do not drip. In the fungus hours, the humidity can be lower, in the growth period, especially in the late stage, the humidity should be higher. When the temperature is low, less water spraying, high temperature period to strengthen the number of water spraying, less spraying on cloudy days, more spraying on sunny days, no spraying on rainy days.
3, air: hairy fungus with the human body as constantly absorbing oxygen, exhaling carbon dioxide. High concentrations of carbon dioxide will inhibit the fungus protoplasmic differentiation and growth of the substrate, causing shrinkage or rot. In the management by lifting the film ventilation, increase fresh air, discharge carbon dioxide. In the growth period every morning and evening ventilation once a day, 1 ~ 2 hours in the morning, half an hour in the evening, in the high temperature season and the growth season, can be appropriate to increase the number of ventilation, extend the ventilation time, to promote the normal growth of the substrate.
4, light: the light is too dark, the original base of the fungus is difficult to differentiate, the ear type is small, the color is light, affecting the yield and quality. Normal growth of the fungus mushroom shed to maintain "three parts yin and seven parts yang" a certain amount of direct light, to promote the differentiation of the original base, improve metabolic activity, strengthen the ear piece of tiller, the fungus ear type, ear piece of fat and thick, the ear color black, and more fluffy, good quality.
Temperature: humidity, air, light four very close relationship, should be coordinated with each other. When the temperature is high and humidity is high. If less ventilation, carbon dioxide concentration is large, will produce flow ear, rotten ear; temperature, air normal, humidity is small, hairy fungus will close the edge of the dry, produce deformed ear. When the temperature is high, you should increase the number of times you spray water, extend the ventilation time to increase the number of times you ventilate the air, and the low temperature of the hairy fungus, you can spray a small amount of water, less ventilation, both heat preservation and moisturizing, but also the normal growth of hairy fungus.