Efficient cultivation is high-yield, high-quality, efficient cultivation. Oil tea to realize efficient cultivation, in short, is four words, that is, good seed good

Fa. Good seed refers to good seedling, including good quality and quality seedlings; good method refers to scientific and reasonable comprehensive supporting cultivation and management technology

technical measures. Specifically, to realize the efficient cultivation of oil tea is to grasp the seven aspects: ① set a good seed, ② good seedling, ③ choose a good garden, ④

good ground, ⑤ make a good forest, ⑥ manage the tree, ⑦ collect a good fruit, that is, the twenty-one word policy.

One, choose a good seed (that is, set a good seed, good seedling)

1, the significance of choosing a good seed. To achieve high-yield, high-efficiency, high-quality purpose, good seed is a necessary condition.

2, good seed selection. Oil tea seed selection should follow the following four principles

①based on local resources, as far as possible to use local native species and varieties.

② Introduction should follow the principle of similarity, should follow the historical similarity and similarity of real conditions, mainly follow the principle of climatic similarity. principle.

③Good varieties should be the national audit (recognized) or by the provincial audit (recognized) of the good seed.

④The good varieties should be selected according to the reality of the maturity and harvesting period of the local existing oil tea.

3, good seedling.

Good seedling is the prerequisite and material basis of oil tea production, seedling is directly related to the success or failure of afforestation. In the past or the current have? The afforestation households with poor quality seedlings resulting in afforestation failure, labor and injury to the people, damage to the enthusiasm of planting oil tea. Therefore, we need to master the quality standard of oil tea seedlings.

Oil tea grafted seedlings quality standards (nursery and afforestation standards): annual naked seedlings grafted from the mouth of the seedling height of not less than 15cm, grafted ? The diameter of the base of the grafting port is not less than 2mm; two-year-old naked rooted seedlings grafting port is not less than 35cm high, the diameter of the base of the grafting port is not less than 3mm; one-year container nursery seedlings grafting port is not less than 10cm high, the diameter of the base of the grafting port is not less than 2mm.

The second, woodland selection and planning (i.e., selecting the good oil tea plantation)

1, woodland selection.

Oil tea on the soil requirements are not high, adaptability is very strong, can adapt to the more barren land. In my county a few growth of Yingshanhong, Iron Manggui, ? Mawei pine and other plants of red or yellow red soil hills, mountains can be selected for oil tea afforestation. But in order to oil tea high yield, high efficiency, high quality, it is advisable to choose deep soil, loose, good drainage, sunny acidic hilly land. Where the soil contains calcareous areas (i.e., alkaline soil) is not selected for oil tea afforestation.

2, woodland planning.

Planning content mainly includes: ① plow road, forest road or work road planning and design; ② protective belt or hedge and other protective facilities planning and design; ③ water storage, drainage, irrigation facilities planning and design; ④ management of users and other design planning and design.

Large areas of high-standard oil tea plantations need to improve the following planning:

(1) road planning and design.

A. Machine plow road.

For the convenience of transportation, the mechanized road is more than 3 meters wide, and the mechanized road should be along the mid-levels, shallow ridges or the foot of the mountains, and is required to reach each ? Hilltop, the whole park can be accessed. It is also convenient for oil tea production and management, fertilizer and pesticide, picking fruit and personnel transportation.

B. Planning and design of small class and operation road.

In order to facilitate the follow-up operation, the park should be divided into several small groups, the small group area of 30-50 acres is appropriate, small groups should also be designed between the operation of the road, the operation of the road is generally used in the oil tea production management, fertilizer, pesticides, fruit picking and personnel transportation. The work road is generally 1.5-2 meters wide.

C. Protective facilities and planning and design.

In order to prevent human and animal hazards, protective facilities should be planned and designed. Protective facilities can be planted along the edge of the oil tea park hedge. You can also excavate isolation ditch along the edge of the park, pile the ditch soil on the inner side of the garden and then plant the horse chestnut and wild jujube.

D. Water storage, drainage and irrigation facilities planning and design.

Irrigation facilities mainly include water storage tanks, pumping lines, irrigation ditches and so on. Cisterns can also be designed in one or several higher terrain on the hill, the main pipeline can be along the edge of the plowing road, the operating road, and if possible, can also be designed for drip pipe.

E. Planning and design of other designs.

In order to facilitate the care, should plan and design the care of the house. Mainly includes: the caretaker's living room, fertilizers, pesticides and other production materials, storage and storage room, living tools storage site, but also for the planning of tea and fruits, such as sun tanning sun pads, product storage warehouses and so on.

Three, oil tea and afforestation (i.e., good land, good forest)

(a) forest selection

Select the elevation below 300m, the slope is below 25 degrees, well-drained sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes, deep, loose, moist, fertile, breathable, water retention, PH5-6 red or yellow red loam woodland.

(2) forest land cleanup

Cutting out all trees, miscellaneous shrubs and weeds on the afforestation land is generally completed before October. Requirements: the height of the tree felling stakes is not higher than 10cm, and all the branches, miscellaneous shrubs and weeds on the forest land are cleaned up in time.

(C) the method of land preparation

General use of horizontal belt hole reclamation method of land preparation, belt spacing 3m, belt width 1.5-2m, retaining the belt 1-1.5m or so, the requirements of the contour along the horizontal for the belt, the belt outside masonry edges neatly, the belt surface inside the low and outside the high, the shape of the reverse slope and loosening 10-15cm, the belt within the hole, hole spacing of 2m, hole specifications 50×50×40cm, the hole, the hole, the hole, the hole and the hole. When digging holes, pay attention to the topsoil and heart soil placed separately, backfill, first topsoil and then heart soil.

(D) Initial planting density

General planting density is 60-120 plants/mu. The general principles for choosing afforestation density are: sparse for gentle land, dense for large slopes; sparse for fertile woodlands, dense for barren woodlands.

(E) return to the hole filling soil fertilizer

Hole application of oil tea special fertilizer 1kg, or compound fertilizer 0.5-1kg or 2-10kg rotted cake fertilizer, stable manure, compost and other organic fertilizers as a base fertilizer. Backfill topsoil 10cm or so when applied to the base fertilizer and backfill table fully mixed, after that, and then fill the soil back to the hole, the hole will be cultivated into a high out of the soil surface of 15-20cm steamed bread shape, a little bit of settlement waiting for planting.

(F) planting

Winter late November to early March the following spring, camping ware seedlings can be delayed until late May. Planting should be selected in cloudy days or sunny days in the evening, rainy days, the soil is too wet should not be. Planting the root and root root with some fire soil ash, grinding fine rice soil or fertile pond mud for planting soil, the seedling root system naturally spread, plus soil compaction, watering so that the root system and the soil tightly combined to achieve the root Shu, seedling is, soil solid. The depth of planting grafted seedlings to reveal the grafted mouth is appropriate.

Four, oil tea nurturing management

Commonly known as the requirement to manage the tree, collect good fruit.

Oil tea afforestation is the most basic work of oil tea cultivation, afforestation after nurturing management is a long-term, unremitting hard work. As the saying goes, "three parts planting, seven parts management", which shows the importance of nurturing management. Plastic pruning, oil tea planting, from the grafted mouth 30-50cm above the stem, appropriate retention of the main stem, the first year in 20-30cm at the selection of 3-4 strong growth, the orientation of the reasonable side branch cultivation of the main branch; the second year in the main branch to retain each branch 2-3 strong branches as the secondary main branch; 3-4 years, in the continuation of cultivation of the main and secondary main branch on the basis of the strong spring cultivation of the side branch group, and the proportion between the three is reasonable, uniform, and the main branch, and the main branch is the strong spring branch. make the proportion between the three reasonable and evenly distributed.

Oil tea in the tree when conditions are suitable, with the inside fruit habit, so pay attention to the tree to retain more branches to cultivate a compact crown, tree shape open yielding tree type. At the same time to control the branch tips, and timely cut off the disturbing shape of the long branches, pests and diseases, overlapping branches and dead branches?

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The first three years of young trees need to remove the flower buds, do not let the fruit, to maintain the tree nutrient growth, accelerate the formation of the crown.

Oil tea nurturing management is divided into two major parts: young forest nurturing management and forest management.

(A) oil tea young forest nurturing management.

The young oil tea forest refers to the period from planting to the fruitful period, this stage is generally 6-8 years. Young forest nurturing management mainly includes: tree management, soil, fertilizer, water management and pest control, as well as interplanting sets of seeds.

1, tree management.

The first and second year after afforestation is to ensure the survival of the primary task. The winter of the year of planting to check the survival rate, did not survive in the year or early spring of the second year in time to replant. The best choice for replanting seedlings is to use two-year-old grafted seedlings or container seedlings. In the year of afforestation, straw can be used to cover the root and stem of the tree around the cover or planting with mulch can improve the survival rate.

2, soil management.

Young forests should be plowed and weeded 2-3 times a year, through the plow can eradicate weeds, loosen the soil, enhance soil water retention and fertilizer capacity to prevent drought. Time requirements: 1 time in the year of afforestation weeding and loosening the soil, and later (2-3 years) loosening and weeding 2 times a year, the first time in May-June, the second time in late August to September.

3, fertilization.

Oil tea young forest period is mainly nutritive growth, must be guaranteed through fertilization to promote rapid growth of young trees. Fertilizer to nitrogen-based fertilizer, with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, to promote the growth of spring, summer and autumn tips, with the age of the tree, the amount of fertilizer should be increased year by year.

Fertilizer time and quantity requirements: planting year in June-July 1-2 two nitrogen fertilizer per plant, the second year, after the second year, can be applied 2-3 times a year fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the sprouting of new shoots in March each year, and organic fertilizer or phosphorus and potash fertilizer is mainly used as overwintering fertilizer in autumn.

Fertilizer method: should be watered to water or open fertilization ditch for furrow application. Each time the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be less than more, advocating a small amount of meals.

4, intercropping set planting.

Oil tea young period, the tree crown did not form, the degree of depression is small, the distance between the rows of plants is large, in order to make full use of the geophysical light energy, strongly advocate the planting of other crops, through the set of seeding can play a role in farming instead of caressing, but also to increase income. But must choose the appropriate crop varieties for intercropping.

Intercropping should be short crops, to choose legumes, peanut-based, but also interplanted green manure, crop maturity after the crop branches and leaves buried deep in the soil can play a role in improving the soil. Interplanting crops should not be too close to the root of the tree, so as not to affect the growth of young trees, generally 50 centimeters from the root of the tree is good.

(ii) oil tea forest management.

Oil tea planted about 8 years after entering the fruitful period, the economic return period of up to 60 years. During the fruiting period, a large number of results each year, consuming a lot of nutrients, so the main work of forest management is tree management, woodland management and pest control.

1, soil management.

Soil management is to ensure that the forest soil good physical and chemical properties, improve the nutrient status of the forest, to ensure that the supply of nutrients needed by the tree, water. Therefore, we must adhere to the three years a deep digging, every year a shallow hoe for full reclamation. Through the reclamation can eliminate forest weeds and buried dead leaves and branches, loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, promote microbial activity, promote the decomposition of organic matter decay.

Deep digging full reclamation requirements, away from the edge of the tree crown excavation, the depth of 20-25 cm, topsoil downward turning full reclamation.

Shallow hoeing requirements: hoeing weeds from the root and stem of the tree, root and stem of the grass towards the top, the depth of 10-15 centimeters is appropriate. Do not dig deep in the canopy to avoid damage to the root system.

2, fertilization.

(1) soil fertilization: fruiting woodland nutrient consumption is too much, the forest is generally due to lack of fertilizer and stunted growth, should be increased every year fertilizer. Fertilizer to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reasonable ratio, general nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium for 10:6:8, 100-200 pounds of fertilizer per acre per year, the conditions of the place can be more organic fertilizer. The proportion of fertilizer can also be based on the local conditions of the soil testing formula, scientific fertilization.

(2) foliar fertilization: according to the growth of the tea tree and the results of the situation, the conditions of the place should also be foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilization to micronutrient-based. The advantages of foliar fertilization are: less dosage, fast action, better effect, obvious.

3, irrigation watering.

Generally summer and autumn drought with little rain, July-September precipitation is mostly less than 300 mm, and this is the fruit expansion and oil more chemical period, the impact of water conditions on the growth and development of oil tea is particularly obvious. In order to protect the normal growth of tea tree, should start the irrigation system in time to irrigate drought.

Five, tea fruit timely harvesting treatment (i.e., collect good fruit)

Tea fruit should be harvested at the right time: should be harvested in a timely manner at the time of ripening of the fruit, because the early harvesting of the oil content rate is low, late harvesting of the capsule cracking, seed spreading on the ground easy to mildew, and also difficult to collect and pick up.

1, oil tea fruit harvesting period: according to different oil tea varieties of different maturity. Generally there are three maturity periods: ① cold dew; ② frost; ③ winter. Therefore, the cold dew ripe oil tea should be harvested around October 3, frost and winter ripening should be harvested around October 23rd.

2, the treatment of tea fruit: there are two methods.

① composting method: tea fruit picking back, generally the first heap of compost 3-5 days, to complete the process of ripening tea fruit, but also favorable capsule dehiscence, spreading seed, drying for seed or sun drying for the oil, which is commonly used methods.

② direct solarization method: tea fruit harvested, without composting, direct spreading of the seeds. If the cloudy days should be selected composting method, if it is a sunny day can also choose to direct solarization method of treatment.