1. Selection of yam varieties The first choice before planting yam is the yam variety. When selecting yam varieties, it is necessary to choose yam with high quality, good adaptability, high yield, good quality and few pests and diseases as seeds.
2. Soil selection The soil for planting Chinese yam should be a field with loose soil and soft material (because Chinese yam will change its growth and development orientation when it meets a hard lump in the growth process, causing it to bend like a yam), which is rich, convenient for irrigation through drainage pipes and thick soil layer. There should be no sandy soil within at least 1.5 m. Before planting, the field should be excavated, and the deep ditch should be dug within 1.5 m. The total width between ditches should be maintained at about 80 cm.
Excavation is difficult, and mechanical equipment can be used for excavation if conditions permit. After the yam ditch is dug, remove the dirt such as stones from the dug soil, leaving clean and soft soil, and then backfill the soil into the pit, leaving a ditch less than the road surface 10 cm.
3. The planting method of Chinese yam seedlings can be planted with Chinese yam heads, and the one with stems and buds can be selected for planting. Pay attention to the fact that Chinese yam heads cannot be used for more than 3 years. The second method is to select Chinese yam segments and use a detailed Chinese yam to divide Chinese yam into 8 cm upper and lower segments. All these methods need to be cut while planting to maintain the integrity of Chinese yam. After cutting, it can be planted with sterilized medicine bubbles for 3 minutes, or after cutting.
4. Planting method In the case of planting yam, planting should be carried out according to local weather standards, and planting can be carried out as long as the surface temperature is above 9℃. Areas with conditions can also choose to cover with agricultural plastic film, so the cost will be relatively high, but it will be beneficial to future management. Irrigation can be carried out in the yam ditch to keep the soil wet.
Yam segments and ditches are placed in a cross, and the planting spacing of yam is always maintained at 24-25cm, and then the soil within 5 cm is tightly covered. After planting, the yam should be fertilized, and the fertilizing position should be 20cm away from both sides of planting yam. Generally, organic fertilizer, urea solution, ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate tablets are selected, mixed and applied to the soil, and then covered with 5cm soil to make it a ridged bed.
5. Shelf management Because of the uniqueness of yam, underground stems belong to vines, and yam seedlings will fall down after long excavation and cannot stand on their own. Therefore, after yam sprouts, it is necessary to build a support frame for yam, so that the vines of yam can climb with a support frame.
6. Irrigated yam likes sunshine, and the indoor air temperature is relatively low, and the environmental temperature is relatively high. Generally, it only needs to be watered for 7 times in the whole development cycle of yam. After being irrigated before planting, it can be watered until all the seedlings of yam emerge. At this time, the purpose of watering is to promote yam to take root and sprout, and the second watering is a bit key.
After the first watering, it is necessary to carry out irrigation before it is dry. Irrigation should be carried out according to the regional precipitation situation. Generally, water should be poured once every 15 days. In rainy season, when the rainfall is heavy, it is necessary to carry out drainage pipeline in time to solve the problem of yam ditch. Avoid yam disease and drowning yam in water.
7. Fertilizing yam requires a relatively large amount of chemical fertilizer, including 2500KG yam, base fertilizer 100KG, 58KG phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 9KG potassium fertilizer. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer application for the first planting of yam, fertilization can be carried out once when the yam is in full bloom. At this time, the yam is at the stage where the root is swollen, and urea solution and ammonium sulfate can be combined to carry out flushing fertilization on the yam, so that it can grow and develop.
8. During the germination of weeding yam, if there is a lot of precipitation in the rainy season, it is easy to cause the soil to become hardened. At this time, it is necessary to loosen the soil immediately to avoid the influence of yam emergence. Many weeds will also grow during the growth of yam, and weeding in time can also help loosen the soil and increase air permeability.