1 classification of thalassemia Thalassemia is also called globulin production disorder anemia, among which β and α thalassemia are more common, and can be divided into three types in clinic: mild, intermediate and severe. The clinical symptoms of this disease vary, and most of them are chronic progressive hemolytic anemia.

The symptoms of 2 α thalassemia are mild.

The child is asymptomatic. There are slight changes in the morphology of red blood cells, such as unequal size, light staining in the center, abnormal shape, etc., and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes is reduced. The content of Hb Barts in umbilical blood of children is 0.34-0. 14, which completely disappears at 6 months after birth.

medium type

Also known as hemoglobin H disease. The clinical manifestations of this type are quite different, and the time of anemia and the severity of anemia vary. Most of them gradually appear anemia, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly and mild jaundice after infancy, and older patients may have a special face similar to severe β thalassemia. Complicated with respiratory tract infection or taking oxidizing drugs and antimalarial drugs can induce acute hemolysis, aggravate anemia and even have hemolytic crisis.

heavy-duty

Also known as Hb Barts fetal edema syndrome. The fetus often miscarries, stillbirths or dies within half an hour after delivery at 30-40 weeks. The fetus is characterized by severe anemia, jaundice, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites and hydrothorax. Placenta is huge and brittle.

The symptoms of 3 β thalassemia are mild.

The child has no symptoms or mild anemia, and the spleen is not large or slightly large. The course of the disease has a good prognosis. This disease is easily overlooked, and it is often found in the family investigation of severe patients.

medium type

Symptoms are more common in early childhood, and its clinical manifestations are between mild and severe, moderate anemia, mild or moderate spleen, unnecessary jaundice and slight bone changes.

heavy-duty

Also known as Cooley anemia The child is asymptomatic at birth, and often begins to develop at 3- 12 months, showing chronic progressive anemia, pale face, large liver and spleen, dysplasia, and often mild jaundice. The symptoms become more and more obvious with age. Due to compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow, the bone becomes larger and the medullary cavity becomes wider, which first occurs in metacarpal bones, and then in long bones and ribs.

4 Prognosis of thalassemia If patients with mild thalassemia are asymptomatic or mild, the spleen is not large or slightly large, and the prognosis of the course of disease is good, and patients with severe symptoms of intermediate and severe thalassemia are expensive to treat, the effect is not good, and the prognosis is not very good. Please treat them under the guidance of a doctor.