The lar fishing boat in that world.
The Netherlands is building the world's largest middle trawler for the Soviet Union. The captain is 1 19 meters. Width 19 meter. The designed tonnage is 6.500 gross tons, and the total fish carrying capacity is 7.700 cubic meters. It is equipped with two 8-cylinder Deutz main engines, each with a power of 5,000 HP, and two shaft generators with a power of 2500kw each as auxiliary engines to drive the Deutz generator of 1000kw. It is scheduled to catch herring, mackerel and bamboo pod fish. Although the shape of the ship is a common ship type of Dutch middle-water frozen tail trawler, it can sail far away to catch cod in South American fishing grounds. About 300 tons of fish can be processed every day.
Popularization of fishing boat knowledge points
Fishing boats are used to catch and collect aquatic animals and plants. It also includes some auxiliary vessels for modern fishing production, such as those engaged in aquatic product processing, transportation, breeding, resource investigation, fishery guidance and training, and fishery administration tasks.
category
Fishing boats have different classification methods. According to the operating waters, it can be divided into marine fishing boats and freshwater fishing boats, and marine fishing boats are divided into coastal, offshore and ocean-going fishing boats. According to the hull material, it can be divided into wooden, steel, glass steel, aluminum alloy, steel wire mesh cement fishing boats and various mixed structure fishing boats. According to the way of propulsion, it is divided into motor, sail and manual fishing boat. According to the tasks undertaken by fishing boats, they can be divided into two categories: fishing boats and fishery auxiliary boats. * * * See table * * *.
characteristic
① Most fishing vessels have small ship types, but in order to adapt to continuous sailing and operation in the wind and waves, they are required to have good stability efficiency, seakeeping efficiency and seaworthiness, and their structures need to be particularly firm. ② During the operation, the load capacity changes greatly. (3) Marine devices require reliable structural efficiency, durability and convenient maintenance. ④ The main engine has higher power and relative speed. ⑤ In addition to general marine devices, fishing devices, fresh-keeping and processing devices, fishing aid and navigation devices are also required, and the fishing cabin requires good heat insulation facilities.
device
① Power plant. The main engine power of fishing boats is generally 0/.5 ~ 4.5 kW per gross ton/kloc-0, and some of them are as high as 6 ~ 7 kW. Large and medium-sized fishing boats and fishing base ships are equipped with freezing and processing devices, and their engine power is 65% ~ 85% of the main engine power. In order to improve the efficiency of the main engine, the engine, fishing winch, refrigeration device and air compressor on board are often driven by the main engine, which increases the complexity of the power plant. The working conditions of trawlers, fishery survey vessels and longline fishing vessels are changeable, and adjustable pitch propellers and boosters are often used to make rational use of the main engine power and improve the maneuverability, flexibility and steering efficiency of the vessels.
② Fishing machinery. There are many kinds and complex, and the power is high. The winch used by trawlers, its pulling force and twisting speed vary with water depth, fishing gear fishing method, boat shape and power of main engine. There are as many as 20 fishing machines for purse seine fishing boats. In order to cooperate with purse seine operation, some are equipped with 3 ~ 5 fishing boats. Long-line fishing boats are equipped with rational wire machines, winding machines, pay-off machines, bait hanging machines, etc. Squid fishing boats and rod fishing boats are equipped with automatic fishing machines.
③ Preservation and processing devices. In order to ensure the quality of catches, preservation is one of the important functions of fishing boats. Generally, the preservation methods on board are ice storage, cold seawater preservation, salt storage, slight freezing and freezing. Coastal and offshore trawlers mainly use ice storage at about 0℃ to keep fresh; Small and medium-sized purse seine fishing boats mainly use cold seawater around-1℃ to keep fresh; Trawling boats or fishing base ships operating far away from the fishing port adopt low-temperature freezing such as flat freezing and tunnel blowing freezing; The catches of rod fishing boats and tuna longline fishing boats are frozen with low-temperature salt water at-50 ~-55℃. Some fishing boats also use light salt for low-temperature preservation or slightly frozen preservation at -3℃. In addition, in large and medium-sized ocean-going fishing boats, the catch can be processed into fillets, fish segments, cans, minced fish, fish meal, etc., and there are also many fish processing and processing machines such as fish washing machine, fillet machine, slitting machine, peeling machine, meat picker and fish meal machine.
Main characteristics of fishing boats
① Most fishing vessels have small ship types, but in order to adapt to continuous sailing and operation in the wind and waves, they are required to have good stability, seakeeping and seaworthiness, and their structures need to be particularly firm.
② During the operation, the load capacity changes greatly.
(3) Marine devices require reliable structural efficiency, durability and convenient maintenance.
④ The main engine has higher power and relative speed.
⑤ In addition to general marine devices, fishing devices, fresh-keeping and processing devices, fishing aid and navigation devices are also required, and the fishing cabin requires good heat insulation facilities.
Main device of fishing boat
powerplant
The main engine power of fishing boats is generally 0/.5 ~ 4.5 kW per gross ton/kloc-0, and some of them are as high as 6~7 kW.
Large and medium-sized fishing boats and fishing base ships are equipped with freezing and processing devices, and the engine power is 65%~85% of the main engine power.
In order to improve the efficiency of the main engine, the engine, fishing winch, refrigeration device and air compressor on board are often driven by the main engine, which increases the complexity of the power plant.
The working conditions of trawlers, fishery survey vessels and longline fishing vessels are changeable, and adjustable pitch propellers and boosters are often used to make rational use of the main engine power and improve the maneuverability, flexibility and steering efficiency of the vessels.
Fishing machinery
There are many kinds of fishing machines, which are complex and have high power.
The winch used by trawlers, the pulling force and twisting speed vary with the water depth, fishing gear, boat shape and power of the main engine.
There are as many as 20 fishing machines for purse seine fishing boats. In order to cooperate with purse seine operation, some are equipped with 3~5 fishing boats.
Long-line fishing boats are equipped with rational wire machines, winding machines, pay-off machines, bait hanging machines, etc.
Squid fishing boats and rod fishing boats are equipped with automatic fishing machines.
Preservation and processing device
In order to ensure the quality of catches, preservation is one of the important functions of fishing boats. Generally, the preservation methods on board are ice storage, cold seawater preservation, salt storage, slight freezing and freezing.
Coastal and offshore trawlers mainly use ice storage at about 0℃ to keep fresh;
Small and medium-sized purse seine fishing boats mainly use cold seawater around-1℃ to keep fresh;
Trawling boats or fishing base ships operating far away from the fishing port adopt low-temperature freezing such as flat freezing and tunnel blowing freezing;
The catches of rod fishing boats and tuna longline fishing boats are frozen with low-temperature salt water at -50~-55℃.
Some fishing boats also use light salt for low-temperature preservation or slightly frozen preservation at -3℃.
In addition, in large and medium-sized ocean-going fishing boats, the catch can be processed into fillets, fish segments, cans, minced fish, fish meal, etc., and various fish processing and processing machinery such as fish washing machine, fillet machine, slitting machine, peeling machine, meat picker and fish meal machine are equipped.
Fishing aid and navigation communication instruments
Fishing aid and navigation communication instruments are used to detect fish or assist fishing operations, mainly including vertical fish finder, fishing sonar, net information instrument, distance meter between two towed fishing boats, trawl length tensiometer, radar buoy and its receiver, etc.
The modern fish finder is equipped with a computer, which has the functions of memory, storage and analysis. Fishing sonar has developed into electronic scanning type, which can detect fish schools in all directions and display them directly.
Fishing AIDS and navigation instruments are combined to form a comprehensive fishing aid system. Some fishery survey vessels combine the monitoring signals of fish detection and nets with the driving, propulsion system and fishing machinery of fishing vessels to realize automatic trawl control.
Tonnage and inspection of fishing boats
The total internal volume of a fishing boat, which is measured according to the tonnage measurement specification and calculated by the registered ton * * * 2.83m * * *, is called the gross tonnage. Small and medium-sized fishing boats in the world are generally tens to hundreds of tons; Large fishing boats reach 1,000 tons, even reaching more than 40,000 gross tons. In order to ensure the safety of fishing boats, fishing boats are regularly inspected and issued certificates during construction and use.