Leningrad

Carved in Qingdao during the May 4th Movement to serve the May 4th Movement.

Wang Jinmei Wang Jinmei (1898-1925), formerly known as Ruijun, also known as Jinmei, Jinmei, and also named Zhuozhai, was a native of Dabeixing Village, Zhigou Town, Zhucheng City, Shandong Province. One of the founders of the Communist Party of China and the earliest organizer and leader of the Shandong party organization, he made outstanding contributions in the founding of the party and early revolutionary activities.

Table of Contents[hide]

Introduction

A great proletarian fighter in his life

A versatile young man with lofty ideals and a "poet" in the revolutionary world

The popular "revolutionary singer"

Founded newspapers and wrote articles

Introduction

The life of a great proletarian fighter

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A versatile young man with lofty ideals, a "poet" in the revolutionary world

A popular "revolutionary singer"

Founded a newspaper and wrote articles

Introduction

Wang Jinmei, formerly known as Wang Ruijun, was born in 1898 in Dabeixing Village, Ju County, Shandong Province (now part of Zhucheng City). Wang Jinmei was the organizer and leader of the early Shandong Party organization and the founder of the Communist Party of China. One of the people. In 1918, he was admitted to the Shandong Provincial First Normal School. During this period, he actively participated in the May Fourth Patriotic Movement and was elected as one of the leaders of the Shandong Student Federation. In March 1920, after the Marxism Research Society of Peking University was established, he became a member from other places. In November of the same year, he, Deng Enming and others initiated the establishment of the Lixin Society, founded the bimonthly magazine "Lixin", and served as editor-in-chief. The bimonthly magazine "Li Xin" actively promotes new ideas and new culture, publishes many articles on social transformation, criticizes current ills, and inspires youth consciousness. In the spring of 1921, he, Deng Enming and others initiated the establishment of the early organization of the Jinan Communist Party. In July, they went to Shanghai to attend the First Congress of the Communist Party of China. For this reason, he changed his name to Wang Jinmei and said "Perfection is the only liberation", expressing his belief in dedicating himself to realizing the ideal of communism. After the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of representatives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Wang Jinmei established the Shandong District Branch of the Communist Party of China in Shandong and served as secretary. In January 1922, he, Deng Enming, Gao Junyu and others participated in the First Congress of Communist Parties and National Revolutionary Groups of Far Eastern Countries held in Moscow. In June of the same year, in order to meet the needs of the development of the labor movement, the Shandong branch of the China Labor Combination Secretariat was established, with Wang Jinmei as director. In July, he went to Shanghai to attend the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After the meeting, he jointly drafted the "Labor Law Outline" with Deng Zhongxia, Mao Zedong and others, which became the party's program for guiding the labor movement during this period. In accordance with the party's instructions, he actively led the workers' movement as deputy director of the Northern Branch of the China Labor Combination Secretariat. In October 1922, under his direct leadership, the Shanhaiguan workers of the Beijing-Fenghuang Railway launched a massive general strike, which lasted for nine days and achieved victory. Immediately afterwards, as an important member of the General League's strike headquarters, he participated in leading the strike struggle of the Qinhuangdao Kailuan Mining Workers' General League. In November of the same year, he led the establishment of a party organization and the development of party members in Shanhaiguan. In January 1923, he led the establishment of the Beijing-Fengcheng Railway Federation of Trade Unions and the Shanhaiguan Branch, and served as Secretary of the Federation of Trade Unions. In February of the same year, he was arrested by the reactionary military police and later rescued and released by workers. Continue to preside over the overall work of the Shandong Party. After the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wang Jinmei joined the Kuomintang as an individual in accordance with the party's resolution, and attended the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou in January 1924. In December, I went to Beijing to attend the National Assembly Movement Lecture Conference organized by Li Dazhao. On the way back, he was received by Sun Yat-sen at the Tianjin Hotel and was appointed as the special propagandist of the National Assembly by Sun Yat-sen. During this period, he correctly implemented the party's principles and policies of the revolutionary united front and traveled to Jinan, Qingzhou, Weixian, Qingdao and other places to guide the development of the National Assembly movement and actively establish a revolutionary united front that cooperated with the development of the Kuomintang. , and take advantage of the favorable situation of cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China to expand the party's influence, develop the party's organization, and enable the rapid development of the Shandong Party's work. In November of the same year, he was appointed secretary of the Shandong Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China. Long-term selfless work and hard life caused Wang Jinmei to suffer from severe tuberculosis. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1925, he vomited blood and fainted due to fatigue, and was hospitalized for treatment. At a time when the labor movement was booming, he resolutely left the hospital and went to Qingdao to fight when he fell ill. Together with Deng Enming and others, he organized and led the workers' strike across the Jiaoji Railway and Sifang Locomotive Factory, and established the Jiaoji Railway General Trade Union. In April, he went to Qingdao to lead the Qingdao Japanese Cotton Mill Workers' Alliance strike with Deng Enming and others, forcing Japanese capitalists to sign nine conditions for resumption of work. In June of the same year, due to the recurrence of lung disease, he returned to his hometown to recuperate under the arrangement of the party organization, and later went to Qingdao for treatment. While he was seriously ill, he asked the person in charge of the Qingdao party organization to write down his will: "All comrades must work hard and fight to the end for the liberation of the proletariat and all mankind and the complete realization of communism." August 19 , Wang Jinmei died in Qingdao at the age of 27. [1]?[2]?[3]?

Life

The Great Proletarian Fighter

Wang Jinmei, formerly known as Wang Ruijun, courtesy name Zhuozhai, 1898 Wang Jinmei was born on June 14 in Dabeixing Village, Ju County, Shandong Province (now part of Zhucheng City) into a tenant farmer family.

He was smart and studious since he was a child. He once studied with a landlord, and later graduated from a high school in Zhigou Town and worked at home as a farmer for many years. During his spare time, he studied hard on his own, loved progressive books and periodicals, and cared about national affairs. He had early ideas of democracy and the ambition to save the country and the people. Located at the junction of Zhucheng County, Ju County and Rizhao County, Beixing Village has beautiful mountains and clear waters. The silver-belt-like Wei River, the winding Yishan Mountains, and the endless Changwei Plain form a quiet and beautiful picture under the afterglow of the setting sun. On June 14, 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), King Jinmei of Donglu Yingcui was born in this village surrounded by mountains and rivers. Wang Jinmei was born in a sharecropping family. He is quick-thinking and studious. When he was young, he studied with a landlord. Later, he graduated from Zhigou High School and worked at home as a farmer for 2 years. During his spare time, he studied hard on his own, loved progressive books and periodicals, and cared about national affairs. He had early ideas of democracy and the ambition to save the country and the people. In 1918, he was admitted to Shandong Provincial First Normal School. Before leaving, he wrote a poem to express his feelings. Poetry day: "Who is in charge of the ups and downs? It is a battlefield from ancient times to the present. The cement and sand from Weicheng are carried into the sea, and Qiao Zhengzheng sees the vicissitudes of life." In 1919, the "May 4th" movement spread across the country, and Wang Jinmei was selected as the provincial first division in Beiyuan. Representatives of branch campuses actively contacted students to establish patriotic and anti-Japanese organizations, led students to participate in rallies and parades, and carried out publicity activities. In the autumn of 1920, he, Deng Enming and others initiated the "Li Xin Society" and founded the bimonthly "Li Xin" to actively research and promote new ideas and new culture. At the beginning of 1921, the "Labor Weekly Society" was organized and the "Jinan Labor Weekly" was published to promote "improving the status of workers" and "improving workers' lives", thus making certain ideological preparations for the revolution. At the same time, we will strengthen ties with communists in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, and actively prepare to establish communist organizations. Soon, with the help of Comrade Li Dazhao, the Jinan Communist Group was secretly established. In July of the same year, he and Deng Enming went to Shanghai to attend the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in the name of representatives of the Jinan Communist Group. The establishment of the Communist Party of China further strengthened his confidence and determination to devote himself to the revolution in order to realize the lofty ideal of perfect communism, and he changed his name to Wang Jinmei. After the meeting, Wang Jinmei returned to Jinan. In order to study and promote Marxism in a planned and purposeful manner, the "Marx Theory Research Society" was established in September and has dozens of members. At the same time, it actively leads various activities such as worker, student, peasant movements and united front. In the winter of 1921, he was expelled from the First Provincial Division on suspicion of being a "dangerous element" and devoted himself to revolutionary work ever since. In January 1922, together with Deng Enming, Wang Xiangwu, Wang Fuyuan and Wang Leping, as representatives of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang and industrial workers in Shandong, he participated in the Chinese delegation to attend the meeting of Communist Party and National Revolutionaries in Far Eastern Countries held in Moscow. The first congress of the group. After the meeting, he stayed in Jiangsu Province to visit and study. He returned to China in May and established the Jinan Group of the Communist Party of China (directly under the central government), with Wang Jinmei as the group leader. In early June, the Shandong branch of the China Labor Combination Secretary Department was established, with Jinmei serving as the branch director. At that time, the police department of the warlord government issued an order to collect "sanitary license" donations from the barber industry. Jinmei took the opportunity to organize a general strike by barber workers, forcing the reactionary authorities to agree to waive the "sanitary license" donation, release all arrested workers, and allow freedom to organize trade unions. item conditions. The victory of the strike greatly encouraged the workers and played a great role in promoting the workers' movement in Jinan. In order to theoretically arm the workers and better carry out the labor movement, Shandong Labor Weekly, the official publication of the Shandong Branch of the China Labor Combination Secretariat, was founded in July 1922. In mid-July 1922, he went to Shanghai to attend the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China, and reported to the conference the spirit of the First Congress of Communist Parties and National Revolutionary Groups in Far Eastern Countries and Lenin's important instructions for the Chinese revolution. After the meeting, the Party Central Committee sent Chen Weiren to Shandong to help establish the Jinan branch of the Communist Party of China (directly under the Central Committee), with Wang Jinmei as secretary. In August, he was transferred to the Secretariat of the China Labor Organization in Beijing and participated in the formulation of the "Labor Law Outline". In September, he was sent to Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao and other places to lead the labor movement and establish party organizations. Under his leadership, the Shanhaiguan workers of the Beijing-Fenghuang Railway launched a massive strike on October 3. After 9 days, they finally won the victory and won the legal status of a workers' club, which effectively promoted strikes across the entire Beijing-Fengcheng Railway. struggle. Then he participated in the strike struggle of Qinhuangdao Kailuan Five Mine Workers General Alliance. In November 1922, he led the establishment of the first party group in Qinhuangdao area. In January 1923, he also led the establishment of the Beijing-Fenghuang Railway Federation of Trade Unions and the Shanhaiguan Branch, and Jinmei served as Secretary of the Federation of Trade Unions. Later, due to the enemy's arrest warrant, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to transfer Wang Jinmei back to Shandong to take charge of the party's leadership work in February 1923. In October, he was appointed Secretary of the Jinan Local Committee of the Communist Party of China. Together with Wang Leping, he organized the "Civilian Society" in Jinan, actively promoted Marxism, introduced the Soviet October Revolution experience, and carried out revolutionary activities. Soon after, he joined the Kuomintang in accordance with the resolutions of the "Three National Congresses" of the Communist Party of China, and attended the first congress of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou in January 1924. In December, he went to Beijing to listen to Li Dazhao's report on behalf of the Jinan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. On his way back, he was received by Sun Yat-sen at the Tianjin Hotel, and was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the special propagandist of the National Assembly.

During this period, he correctly implemented the party's policies, actively established a revolutionary united front for cooperation with the Kuomintang, and took advantage of the favorable situation of Kuomintang cooperation to actively expand the influence of the Communist Party and establish party organizations. , making the work of the Shandong Party develop rapidly. Long-term selfless work and hard life made him suffer from tuberculosis. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1925, he held a three-day debate with reactionary Christians in Jinan. Due to fatigue, he vomited blood and fainted, and was admitted to the hospital for treatment. At a time when the National Assembly Conference and the workers' movement were vigorously developing, Jinmei was so anxious that he was discharged from the hospital. When he fell ill, he went to Qingdao to join the battle, contacted the masses extensively, and gave speeches at meetings everywhere. With his hard work, the Qingdao National Conference Promotion Committee was quickly established. In February, the Shandong Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was formally established, with Jinmei as a member. Together with Deng Enming, he led the workers' strike on the entire Jiaoji Railway and the Sifang Locomotive Factory, and won victory, establishing the Jiaoji Railway General Trade Union. On March 1, he and Wang Zhe went to Beijing to attend the National Congress of the National Assembly and attended the funeral of Dr. Sun Yat-sen on March 12. In April, he went to Qingdao to lead the first joint general strike of Qingdao cotton mill workers with Deng Enming, forcing Japanese capitalists to sign nine conditions for resumption of work. In June of the same year, due to the recurrence of lung disease, he returned to his hometown to recuperate under the arrangement of the organization. He received meticulous care and care from his relatives, neighbors, classmates, and old friends. Later, he went to Qingdao Hospital for treatment due to serious illness. While he was critically ill, he asked the person in charge of the Qingdao party organization to write down his will: "I hope that all comrades will work hard and fight to the end for the liberation of the proletariat and all mankind and for the complete realization of communism." August 1925 Passed away on September 19th at the age of 27. After Comrade Wang Jinmei passed away, the Qingdao Party organization and comrades working in Qingdao held a memorial service for him, and the person in charge of the Party organization read out his last will and testament. Later, his coffin was sent back to Dabeixing Village for burial in Zaoxing Cemetery in the southeast of the village. In 1959, the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shandong Provincial People's Government moved Wang Jinmei's remains to the Heroes Mountain (Sili Mountain) Martyrs Cemetery in Jinan. In mid-1971, the Zhucheng County Committee of the Communist Party of China built the Memorial Hall of Martyr Wang Jinmei on Qiaoyou Mountain in front of Dabeixing Village. The former residence of Comrade Jinmei is listed as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit for protection.

A versatile young man with lofty ideals and a "poet" in the revolutionary world

Wang Jinmei is good at composing poems and lyrics, and is like a famous "poet" in the revolutionary world. Wang Jinmei wrote poems to express her feelings directly, inspiring herself to fight for the Chinese revolution. After the October Revolution, China was brewing a new revolutionary upsurge. Wang Jinmei, who had little lofty ambitions, also sensed the revolutionary atmosphere of "the rain is about to come and the wind is everywhere". He decided to stay away from his hometown and go to a culturally developed and well-informed big city to explore the truth of saving the country and the people. One morning in the late spring and early summer of 1918, Wang Jinmei packed up her simple luggage, reluctantly said goodbye to her weather-beaten grandmother, mother and newly married wife, and headed for Jinan with high aspirations. Before leaving, he climbed to the top of the Nanling Mountains in front of the village and looked at the rivers and mountains of his hometown. With a myriad of thoughts and mixed feelings, he wrote a sonorous, powerful and majestic poem, "Who controls the ups and downs of the vastness, throughout the ages? "A battlefield. Weifeng cement sand is carried into the sea, and Zhengzheng Qiao You looks at the vicissitudes of life." Expressing his incomparable resentment against the unequal society and his lofty ambition to transform the real society as he embarks on a new journey of life. From July 23 to early August 1921, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming participated in the conference as representatives of the Jinan Communist Group. This conference gave Wang Jinmei a great education and made his revolutionary ideas more advanced. After the meeting, he couldn't help but compose a poem "The cause of creation - a gift to friends", "The rich and poor classes see the battlefield, perfection is the only liberation. The cement and sand from Weicheng flow into the sea, and Qiao Youlu looks down at the vicissitudes of life." In order to liberate all mankind and realize the lofty ideal of perfect communism, he changed his name to "Perfect". Wang Jinmei not only wrote poems to express her thoughts, but also wrote poems to do ideological work for the masses, which was suitable for spreading revolutionary ideas. Once, he went to the kitchen of No. 1 Provincial Middle School and talked with the workers in the kitchen. During the conversation, Wang Jinmei learned that the cook, Lao Wang, was worried all day long due to family poverty, so she explained to him in a persuasive way how the poor in the Soviet Union could turn around and become masters, and wrote a poem on Lao Wang's fan, "Why are we so poor?" It's not destiny, it's because things in the world are too unfair. If you open your mind, all great things can be achieved." This gave Lao Wang great spiritual encouragement and injected new vitality into his rigid thinking. Under the influence of Wang Jinmei, Lao Wang later worked as a worker in Boshan Coal Mine and joined the Communist Party of China. In order to commemorate Wang Jinmei's teachings to him, he changed his name to Wang Kaicheng in the mine, which means that if a person has an open mind and strives with great courage, everything will succeed. In addition to going deep into the masses to personally enlighten revolutionary thoughts, Wang Jinmei also published her own poems in publications to promote revolutionary thoughts. On July 9, 1922, Wang Jinmei founded "Shandong Labor Weekly", which was the official publication of the Shandong branch of the China Labor Combination Secretariat, with Wang Jinmei personally serving as the editor-in-chief. Wang Jinmei published a poem written by herself on it: "Ruthlessness is like water flowing in the east, which flows non-stop day and night; half of it is the blood and tears of workers, and how many people can see it clearly from now on." This poem reflects the hardship of workers' lives. , inspiring workers to constantly strive for their own happiness and freedom.

The popular "revolutionary singer"

Wang Jinmei is extremely proficient in music, playing and singing, and composing and composing music, which provides an extremely useful tool for his revolutionary propaganda. Wang Jinmei is extremely proficient in Chinese orchestral instruments, which is full of praise. In January 1922, Wang Jinmei participated in the First Congress of Communist Parties and National Revolutionary Groups of Far Eastern Countries held in Moscow. After the meeting, at the gala held by delegations from various countries, he enthusiastically used the Chinese musical instrument Sanxian to play the traditional Chinese music "Three Lanes of Plum Blossoms" and other tunes. The beautiful melody was refreshing and refreshing, attracting every representative present. Another time, he went to a Moscow park to play and played the fife. The melodious sound of the flute floated over the park, attracting many tourists, who then danced excitedly to the beautiful melody. Wang Jinmei was also an expert at composing songs and music. He often used songs and ballads to promote the revolution. One morning in the summer of 1919, the Caishen Temple in Zhucheng County was bustling with people and the voice of revolution continued. Students from various schools held an anti-Japanese national salvation rally here. Wang Jinmei personally wrote "Yangtze River Song" for revolutionary propaganda. The lyrics are: "Look, a catastrophic disaster is flying around us. The Japanese bandits are as greedy as wolves, and they forcefully establish civil officials and cannot accept their shame. Shandong wants to be like North Korea again. , complain about our motherland, invade our sovereignty, destroy our good rivers and mountains, listen to the angry voices of the elders and compatriots of Shandong. Send my representatives to Beijing to question the president! Oppose the 21 Articles of Treason, protect our Shandong, Yanhuang. Yi Zhou, sovereignty is the most sacred." This song with clear ideas and lively form became popular and became the clarion call of the movement. In order to publicize revolutionary principles and educate the people, Wang Jinmei wrote ballads suitable for different classes. At that time, there was such a ballad circulating among the workers: "Workers work in vain, factory owners are vampires; workers have no political power, the world is too unfair; workers stand up and pioneer the revolution." Wang Jinmei also used the score of "Su Wu Shepherd" to inspire workers Sing. The ballad he wrote for the peasant masses is: "The poor labor in vain, the rich are parasites; poverty is not destiny, the world is too unfair; farmers keep their eyes open, revolutionary genius is bright!" The ballad he wrote for students is: "Anti-imperialist and anti-feudal" , the 'May 4th' Movement; only by destroying the old world can the nation be revitalized; classmates, wake up quickly and learn from Lenin in the revolution!" The ballad he wrote for the soldiers in the warlord's army was: "Thousands of small soldiers died, but high officials made meritorious deeds; The reason why we fight a civil war is unclear; the gun must be pointed at the outside world, and anti-imperialism is a hero!" The ballad he wrote for the clerk is: "The clerk works in vain, the rich are blood-sucking; poverty is not destiny, the world is too unfair; industry and commerce unite, The revolution is invincible!" These songs have clear ideas, explain the truth in simple terms, are easy to understand and catchy, and have been widely circulated among the masses, playing a beneficial propaganda role.

Founded newspapers and wrote articles

Wang Jinmei was good at writing and good at writing articles. He was well-known throughout the county for his good writing skills in his youth. In the 1930s, the old county chronicles compiled by the Kuomintang government had a special record of Wang Jinmei's studiousness and superhuman wisdom, saying that he "has been studying since childhood and can make comments before he has finished reading the four books." During his glorious life (he died of illness at the age of 27), Wang Jinmei gave full play to her talents, founded progressive newspapers and periodicals, wrote articles, and explored and disseminated revolutionary ideas. In November 1920, Wang Jinmei contacted Deng Enming, Wang Zhijian and others. With the purpose of "researching academic theories and promoting culture", he organized a progressive academic group, Li Xinhui, and published a bimonthly magazine "Li Xin", with Wang Jinmei as the editorial director. On July 9, 1922, Wang Jinmei founded Shandong Labor Weekly, of which he personally served as editor-in-chief. After 1923, he participated in sponsoring newspapers such as "Morning Bell", "Modern Youth", and "Ten Days". In these newspapers and periodicals, he personally wrote many important articles and editorials. For example, from October 1920 to January 1921, he published three papers including "Most Rural Education Is Like This" and "Normal Education and Rural Education in Shandong" in the semi-monthly journals of "Luoyuan New Journal" and "Lixin" , deeply exposed and violently criticized the old education system. His article's theory is correct and profound, and his writing is vivid and fresh. He severely exposed the various crimes and hypocrisy of the dark forces, effectively awakened the sleeping masses, and greatly inspired the working class and the broad masses of working people to fight to the death against the reactionaries. courage. As an outstanding revolutionary, Wang Jinmei's talents can be summarized in more than two or three aspects. Poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, and eloquence are all his specialties. These specialties were like shining stars that illuminated the way forward for him who devoted himself to the revolutionary cause! When Comrade Mao Zedong inspected the work in Qingdao, he specifically told the responsible comrades of the Shandong Party about Wang Jinmei and said: "You have Wang Jinmei in Shandong. He was a good comrade." On August 21, 1961, Comrade Dong Biwu remembered Wang Jinmei affectionately on his way to Wuhan and wrote a poem "Remembering Comrade Wang Jinmei" on the train: "We met at the meeting forty years ago. , Nanhu boat talk calmly. How many famous people in Jinan know, you and your kindness will never grow old. "As the river goes eastward, all the famous people of the ages will be swept away." Wang Jinmei, a generation of patriots, shed his blood for the revolution and melted his loyal heart. In this vast land of Qilu. Use youth and enthusiasm to ignite the fire of communist victory.

Hong Zhenhai (1910-1942) was also known as Hong Yanxing. A native of Dabeitang, Yangzhuang Township, Teng County, Shandong Province (now Tengzhou City). Born into a poor peasant family.

In 1929, he worked as a miner in the Zaozhuang Zhongxing Coal Mine. Hong Zhenhai made a living with his father in Zaozhuang Road Mine since he was a child. Due to the pressure of life, he often dealt with trains and developed the ability to fly on trains, which was known as "Scud". During the Anti-Japanese War, under the leadership of the party, Hong Zhenhai mobilized the Zaozhuang Road mine workers to form a prestigious people's anti-Japanese armed force active in Zaozhuang, Lincheng and Weishan Lake in southern Shandong Province - the Lunan Railway Brigade, also known as the Railway Group. Guerrillas, he was the first captain. On March 18, 1938, Zaozhuang was occupied by the Japanese army. Hong Zhenhai, Wang Zhisheng, and Liu Jingsong rushed to the tomb of the Yixian People's Anti-Japanese Armed Forces Station and formally joined the Sulu People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. He was determined to resist Japan and fought bravely. He was soon promoted to squad leader and platoon leader, becoming the grassroots of the people's anti-Japanese armed forces

A country with due diligence

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