Soybean residue refers to the production of tofu, soy milk and other soy products in the process of by-products, in general, every 10 kg of soybeans, can produce dry soybean residue of about 7 kg, so every year the global production of soybean residue are very large. China is the birthplace of tofu production, has a long history of tofu production, tofu production, sales are larger, the corresponding production of soybean residue is also very large. In addition to the traditional form of tofu consumption, a new form of consumption - soy milk, by the majority of consumers, such as Argentina, Brazil, the United States, soy milk production is very large.

Soybean is an important source of protein for our people, however, the traditional soybean products in the processing, soybeans in a larger part of the nutrients left in the dregs, so the dregs of soybeans have a rich nutritional value, which is similar to the nutrient composition and soybeans, fiber 8% or so, about 28% of the protein, about 12.40% of the fat, and its nutrition is higher than the many troughs of the dregs, but the utilization of the dregs of the soybeans Lower, according to statistics, "China's 2006 soybean residue production exceeded 800,000 tons, but its utilization rate of only 4.96% to 16.60%, domestic and foreign manufacturers, workshops, etc. in the production of soybean products, produced a large number of soybean residue, most of which is directly as feed, the utilization rate of its nutrients and energy is less than 20%, the loss of its potential nutritional value and economic value. However, the shortage of protein raw materials is one of the most difficult problems in today's feed industry, the world is faced with the reality of protein resource scarcity, searching for and developing new protein resources has become an urgent problem in the feed industry, making full use of the existing resources to turn waste into treasure, developing a new protein feed, non-toxicity to protect the environment, and becoming a hotspot for research in the future. The lack of high-protein feed resources is a major problem that needs to be solved at home and abroad. High-protein biofeed is a new type of high-protein full-price feed with the help of industrial technology to microorganisms single-cell, which converts plant proteins and inorganic nitrogen into microbial proteins that can be absorbed by the animals well.

Soybean dregs utilization and microbial technology

Because of the nutritional properties of soybean dregs, so it is said to be a good feed for pigs, chickens, ducks and so on. Soybean residue is mostly simply used directly for feeding livestock. Without treatment, or simple cooking and heating treatment, there is a saying that "soybean dregs feed pigs, the more you feed the more shrinkage", this is mainly because the soybean dregs contain anti-trypsin, saponin, hemagglutinin and other anti-nutritional factors, including trypsin inhibitory factor, which can impede the body of the pig's trypsin on the digestion and absorption of soybean protein, resulting in diarrhea, affecting growth, poor palatability, poor taste and good nutritional quality. affect growth, poor palatability, difficult to digest, low feed efficiency. This is not only in the economy is a great loss, but also a great waste of valuable resources, so how to make full use of the growing production of soybean residue has become one of the concerns of researchers in various countries.

With the development of microbial engineering technology, microorganisms in farming, planting, environment and other aspects of the application is more and more extensive, which in the development of feed resources in this aspect of the feed cost savings made a very important contribution to alleviate the resource constraints, such as Jinbao feed fermentation aids such as microbial fermentation, the production of microorganisms protein feed, soya bean dregs of protein can be effectively degraded, thus making the amino acid form of the dregs in the amino acid form of the dregs of the dregs. Thus, the content of amino acid nitrogen in soybean dregs can be greatly improved, soybean dregs in addition to odor, improve taste, refinement of particles, purification of nutrients, hindering factors, etc. Improvements are made, which is an effective use of soybean dregs, the use of fermented soybean dregs pig farming, than the normal feeding of about 1 month ahead of the farrowing, saving the cost of feed, and improve the economic benefits of farmers.

Benefits of fermentation of soybean dregs

Because raw soybean dregs are not easy to keep, it is easy to mold and spoil; raw feed pigs easy to dilute, because it contains a variety of anti-nutritional factors, affecting the growth and health of pigs and other aspects of the bad effect, so after fermentation there are the following benefits:

(1) Convenient for a longer period of time to save. Not fermented soybean residue can be stored for up to 3 days, after fermentation of soybean residue can generally be stored for more than a month, if you can do strict sealing, compression and compaction or drying, it can be stored for more than half a year or even a year;

(2) the palatability of the feed, reducing the crude fiber more than one-third of the animal more love to eat, promote appetite and increase the secretion of digestive juices.

(3) enriched nutrients As the following table, drying dry matter in the digestive energy increased by 13.17%, metabolic energy increased by 16%, digestible protein increased by 29.59%, crude fiber reduced by about 30%. And is a probiotic carrier, containing a large number of beneficial microorganisms, and lactic acid and other acidifying agents, vitamins are also greatly vice degree increase, especially B vitamins are often increased by several times.

(4) Greatly degraded anti-nutritional factors, improve disease resistance Fermentation can significantly increase its digestibility and absorption rate and degradation of anti-nutritional factors, and contains a large number of beneficial factors to improve the performance of disease resistance.

(5) Saving feed cost and improving economic efficiency After fermentation, it can replace a large portion of feed, saving feed cost, and the pigs are less sick, and the penning is advanced, so the economic efficiency is improved in a word.

Fermentation method of soybean dregs

(1) Ingredients: straw or straw powder crushed 5-30%, 60-70% of soybean dregs, Baiyi Bao feed fermentation agent used according to the amount of 1-2 ‰ to add the rest of the available cornstarch or rice bran, which can be used to cornstarch or rice bran and soybean dregs proportion can be based on the soybean dregs of the moisture, etc. to make appropriate adjustments to the actual situation.

(2) mixing: the first Baiyi Bao feed fermenter diluted with appropriate amount of water, and then the material to be fermented fully mixed (in order to achieve the purpose of mixing can be used to gradually dilute the method), and then add water to mix, the material moisture content is generally controlled between 60% -70%. The judgment method is: will be mixed with a good fermentation materials, grab a hand, fingerprints see watermarks but not dripping, loose that can be dispersed to the ground as appropriate. If you can squeeze out the water juice, not scattered on the ground, the water content is greater than 75%, too dry and too wet are unfavorable, should be adjusted.

(3) sealed fermentation: mix and then loaded into pots, tanks, pools, plastic bags and other containers, covered with plastic film, sealed fermentation at natural temperatures for 2-3 days, such as aroma, sweetness, wine gas can be fed. Large-scale fermentation can be directly stacked in a clean cement floor or fermentation pool, covered with plastic film sealed fermentation can be.

Fermentation ingredients, the more cornstarch added, the stronger the wine flavor, add less cornstarch, the sour flavor is more prominent, the color of the fermented product after drying for the dark brown or brown color, color uniformity, and has the unique aroma of fermented soybean dregs.

Fermentation precautions and feeding methods

(1) can not be moldy and deteriorated, or there is a strange smell of raw materials for fermentation of raw materials. If the fermented material is not properly preserved, resulting in mold and mildew or odor, it can not be used to feed animals.

(2) When stacking and loading the pool, it should be sealed, but not pressed.

(3) from the container or bag of material feeding, should immediately seal the container, can not be exposed for too long, so as not to cause contamination corruption spoilage.

(4) Cool and dry place for storage. Fermented materials, if you want to long-term preservation, it is necessary to seal strictly, and pressure compaction processing, try to discharge the air in the bag, so that not only long-term preservation, but also in the process of preservation, degradation has to be carried out, after a longer period of time, digestion and absorption rate is better, better nutrition, but also can be dried in the sun into the tank to save.

The product generated after fermentation (fermentation product) usage dosage: if the proportion of soybean dregs is 30%, take the above feed 70 pounds, because soybean dregs are wet, the water content of about 60%, so the proportion of the weight to be multiplied by a little more than 2 times.

The first method: instead of using part of the full-price feed

When feeding fermented feed, we should take a small amount of the first, slowly increase the principle of the beginning of feeding can be used first 10%, and slowly increase to 30%, 50%; small pigs according to the amount of feed 20% -30% to add. Large pigs, chickens and ducks add 30-50% of the feed amount (in terms of dry matter). The feed formula for fattening pigs is based on soybean dregs with high protein content, but also with high-calorie feeds such as corn to increase the amount of corn to 30%-40%. In addition, each period should be combined with appropriate amounts of vitamins, bone meal, salt and green fodder.

Recommended formula:

①Fatting pig feeding:

15～30kg small pig: 20% fermented soya bean dregs + 80% full price feed for small pig

30～50kg medium pig: 30% fermented soya bean dregs + 70% full price feed for medium pig

50～100kg big pig: 35% fermented soya bean dregs + 5% corn meal + 60% full-price feed for large pigs

② pregnant sows feeding:

pregnancy 1 to 90 days: 60% fermented soya bean dregs + 40% full-price feed, plus green fodder

pregnancy 91 to lactation: 40% fermented soya bean dregs + 60% full-price feed, plus green fodder

③ breeder boars: 40% fermented feed + 30% of the full-price feed for large pigs feed + 20% rice bran + 10% wheat bran

The second method: after fermentation as a feed ingredient, according to its nutrient composition to reformulate the full-price feed to meet the needs of animal nutrition.

Summary

Summary

To sum up, after fermentation of soybean dregs, the nutrient composition is greatly improved, is a very good protein feed, for the development of feed resources to open up a very good way for the breeding of feed to save feed, improve the economic benefits.

References:

[1] Wang Liping. Realizing the cycle in irreversibility[J] . Science Times,2008,04(30)

[2] Hu Shangqin. Enzymatic powder protein food and its influencing factors[J]. Food Science,1994,09

[3] Xiao Shaoxiang. Research on fermentation technology of soybean dregs[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2007,(07).

[4] Yuan Tao, Zhang Weili. Status of several protein feed resources in China[J]. Jiangxi Feed. 2004, 02

[5] PAN Hongchun, LIU Hong, LIU Ying. Research on the production of microbial protein feed using soybean dregs[J]. China Feed, 1994,(02).

[6] QI Qianqian, SUN Kaiying, LI Rongqin. Exploration of factors affecting the quality of fermented feed from soybean dregs[J]. Soybean Bulletin, 1997,(05).

[7] Jiang Aiguo. Suggesting several high efficiency ecological farming models[J]. Rural New Technology, 2009, (05) :67

[7] Jiang Aiguo.