30. Analysis of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan
"Along the River During the Qingming Festival", one of China's top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation, is a genre painting of the Northern Song Dynasty.
This work has the following characteristics in terms of content, techniques, etc.:
(1) "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" records the capital Bianjing (Bianjing) in the Huizong era at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty with exquisite meticulous brushwork. The buildings and people's living conditions on both sides of the Bianhe River in the suburbs of Kaifeng, Henan today and in the city.
(2) In terms of technique, he combines generous and meticulous techniques, and is good at selecting things, scenes and plots that are not only vivid and poetic, but also have essential characteristics to express.
(3) The composition adopts scatter perspective, with orderly layout, rich content and prominent theme. Use line drawing and light color painting methods, and closely combine the textural characteristics of the object.
(4) It embodies the highest achievement of ancient Chinese genre paintings and has important documentary value for the study of urban life in the Song Dynasty as well as folk customs, clothing, architecture, industry and commerce, transportation, etc.
31. Appreciation of Fan Kuan's "Traveling in Streams and Mountains"
"Traveling in Streams and Mountains" is the most important masterpiece of Fan Kuan, a famous landscape painter in the early Northern Song Dynasty. A majestic mountain peak occupies almost half of the picture, giving people the impression of a "high mountain." The top of the mountain is covered with trees, and a line of waterfalls pours down from the mountainside; at the foot of the mountain, there are huge rocks and lush trees, and there are businessmen rushing on the mountain road. The donkeys carrying goods moved forward slowly, which not only added vitality to the quiet mountain forest, but also played a role in highlighting the topic. Looking at the entire painting, the brushwork is thick and thick, with no single stroke missing throughout the entire painting, and the subtlety can be seen in the heavy and heavy painting. The mountains, rocks and trees in this painting are all painted with short strips, clusters of dots and sharp strokes, also known as "raindrops". This painting was called an important national treasure of China by Xu Beihong and one of his most admired works.
32. Appreciation of Guo Xi's "Early Spring"
Guo Xi was an important landscape painter and painting theorist in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. His landscape painter Fa Li Cheng also drew on the strengths of Dong Yuan and Fan Kuan, so he was able to create his own style; "Early Spring" is his representative work. "Early Spring" depicts the mountain scenery in the early morning in early spring. Mist covers the mountainside. The branches have not yet turned green, but they have sprouted new buds. The mountain streams have thawed and the springs are gurgling, forming a pool of clear spring water. Although there are no scenery of pink willows and green willows in the painting, nature is sprouting with vitality everywhere, conveying the message of spring returning to the earth. This kind of seasonal characteristics naturally revealed from the described natural scenery is completely consistent with Guo Xi's emphasis on painting landscapes to express the characteristics of different seasons.
33. Analysis of "Hibiscus and Golden Pheasants"
"Hibiscus and Golden Pheasants" is suspected to have been painted by a master of the Northern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, and Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty Zhao Ji personally added the poem, so later generations are mostly regarded as Huizong's paintings. . The whole picture is painted in bright colors, including hibiscus and chrysanthemums. The branches of the hibiscus droop slightly, and a colorful golden pheasant stands on the branch. He turns his head to look at the two butterflies on the flowers, which vividly describes the movement of the golden pheasant. This form of expression was very popular in flower and bird paintings in the Song Dynasty. Although the colorful golden pheasants, hibiscus, and butterflies are all gorgeous themes, the composition is different from ordinary decorations and full of liveliness. The double-hook strokes are strong and straight, the colors are elegant, and the lines are fine and calm; the rendering and filling are thin, delicate, and meticulous. The golden pheasants, flowers and birds, and flying saucers are all exquisitely crafted without being rigid. They have reached a state of elegance and elegance that is difficult to achieve in gongbi paintings. There is a poem written by Zhao Ji in a thin gold book on the painting, and it is signed.