At present, the nutritional status of Chinese students is not optimistic. Although the dietary calorie supply basically reaches the standard, the supply in protein is low, the proportion of high-quality protein is small, and the nutrients such as calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin A are obviously insufficient. Due to the low absorption and utilization rate of dietary iron, the prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia among people under 20 years old in China is 6-29%. Students in urban primary and secondary schools generally have sloppy breakfast, poor Chinese food and rich dinner, but in fact they should have rich breakfast. The proportion of plant-derived iron in students' diet is too high, and the quality and absorption of iron are poor; The calcium intake of students is only 40.6% of the relevant standards, which is related to the low consumption of dairy products and beans in students' diet. It is worth mentioning that at present, middle school students have a heavy academic burden and do not pay attention to their diet, which leads to their poor nutritional status. Because of the high living standard of urban students, students have a serious partial eclipse, eat more high-calorie chocolates and cakes, and lack physical exercise, while rural children do not have partial eclipse and have a large amount of activities, so the general nutritional status of urban children is not as good as that of rural children.
With the improvement of living standards, there are more and more picky eaters, anorexia and partiality among primary and secondary school students, and many students have developed the habit of eating snacks rather than staple foods, resulting in an increasing number of malnutrition among students. Coupled with the great pressure of study and spirit, it is easy to suffer from anemia and other diseases.
In addition, because many students and their parents lack reasonable nutrition knowledge, students unilaterally consume high-fat and high-protein foods, and lack of exercise, the incidence of obesity among adolescents in China is increasing year by year, reaching as high as15,3% in some places. The unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles of teenagers have laid a "time bomb" for adults suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, hepatobiliary diseases and other chronic diseases.
In order for teenagers to grow sturdily, we should popularize students' nutrition knowledge and provide students with a reasonable diet structure. Primary and secondary schools and kindergartens should rationally allocate meals according to the nutrients contained in different foods and the nutritional standards of students of different ages, so as to achieve a balanced health.
At the press conference of the first China Student Nutrition and Health Festival, nutrition experts called on the whole society to pay attention to the nutrition and health problems of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas, despite the increasingly affluent life in urban and rural areas.
The nutritional status and nutritional components are important factors that affect the quality of a nation's population, which is directly related to the physical and intellectual development of teenagers. Jiang Jianping, director of the Expert Committee of the National Student Milk Drinking Program, believes that malnutrition caused by the lack of certain nutrients has not disappeared naturally with the economic development. According to him, there are data showing that the daily average calcium intake of primary and secondary school students is obviously insufficient, only reaching 40%-50% of the supply standard, regardless of urban and rural areas.
Especially, the nutritional status of rural children is even more worrying. The low weight rate and growth retardation rate of rural children under 5 years old reach 23.9% and 29.5% respectively, which directly affects the healthy growth of children and adolescents. At the same time, the obesity rate of primary and middle school students in cities is rising rapidly, such as 200 1 year in Beijing, which is as high as15%-17%, which is 0% higher than that of the whole country. Obesity has become a prominent problem. Due to the insufficient physical exercise of primary and secondary school students, the index ratio of students' physical fitness in 2000 decreased 1995.
Guo Jiyi, vice president of the China Student Nutrition and Health Promotion Association, said that there are statistics showing that the average height of teenagers aged 1 1 4 in China is 2-3 cm shorter than that of their Japanese peers, mainly because of the unbalanced diet of teenagers in China, which leads to malnutrition due to lack of vitamins and trace elements such as calcium, iron and zinc. According to statistics, the malnutrition of children in the western region is more serious than that in the eastern region, with the proportion of substandard height and weight being 20% and the proportion of growth retardation as high as 30%.
Experts believe that it is urgent to publicize and popularize the knowledge of nutrition science and food hygiene and eliminate "nutrition blindness" in urban and rural areas of China.
1989 "China Student Nutrition Day" was launched nationwide on May 20th, and it has been 15 years since then. On this basis, in order to further promote the improvement of students' nutritional status and composition, and improve the health quality of the population, China Students' Nutrition and Health Promotion Association, China Care for the Next Generation Working Committee, china charity federation and China Nutrition Society, and the Care for the Next Generation Working Committee of the Ministry of Education decided to hold the China Student Nutrition and Health Festival to comprehensively publicize students' nutrition, food safety, health and other related knowledge to all sectors of society, and "caring for the next generation from me" became the conscious action of every parent and the whole society. Kunming, with a daily milk supply of about 80,000 boxes for students, became the host city of the first China Student Nutrition and Health Festival.
Basic requirements for the design of breakfast, lunch and dinner for students.
1, the basic requirements of students' nutritious breakfast design
According to the basic requirements of recommended dietary allowance for Chinese students' meals per eye, the contents of various nutrients in general breakfast recipes should account for about 30% of the daily supply.
According to the basic principles of "matching grains, matching thickness, matching meat and vegetables, and matching diversity", the nutritious breakfast should meet the requirements of reasonable nutrition and balanced diet as much as possible.
A nutritious breakfast should consist of three parts: porridge, noodles and cold dishes. After the meal, add a melon and fruit to supplement vitamins.
2. Basic requirements for the design of students' nutritious lunch
The designed amount of nutrients for students' lunch should account for 35 ~ 40% of the total daily supply.
The food supply for students' nutritious lunch should include fruits and vegetables, soybeans and their products, fish, meat, poultry and eggs, and the proportions are about 65%, 10% and 25% respectively.
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of color, fragrance, taste, shape and quality of recipes.
Be good at cooking some cheap and nutritious dishes, such as bean products, pork liver, kelp, fat meat, carrots and other foods.
3, the basic requirements of students' nutrition dinner design.
The designed amount of nutrients for students' nutritious dinner should account for 35-40% of the whole day's supply, and the designed amount of various nutrients should be supplemented with more nutrients beneficial to promoting growth and development.
The food for students' nutritious dinner should include fruits and vegetables, soybeans and their products, fish, poultry, eggs and milk, and the proportions are 60%, 10% and 30% respectively.
The types of students' nutritious dinners should be 6-10 or even more (excluding soup materials and onion, ginger and garlic seasonings).
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of color, fragrance, taste, shape and quality of recipes.
Publicity themes over the years:
199 1 and 1992 are: "Nutrition, health, studious and upward";
1993 is: "Nutrition mainly comes from daily diet";
1994 is: "Nutrition is comprehensive, balanced and appropriate";
1995 is: "Nutrition gives you health, wisdom and strength";
1996 is: "Everyone learns nutrition knowledge, and everyone learns to care for themselves";
1997 and 1998 are: "Nutrition gives you health, wisdom and strength";
1999 is: "Building a seedling protection system project to hold up tomorrow's sun";
In 2000, it was "nutritious lunch combined with quality education to cultivate talents for the country";
200 1 year is: "Drink milk to keep healthy";
In 2002, it was "Ensuring food safety and promoting the development of students' nutritious meals".
The year 2003 was "Nutrition, Food Safety and Health".
In 2004, it was "Nutrition Food Safety and Health".
In 2005, it was "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise".
In 2006, it was "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise". Subtitle: Preventing chronic diseases, starting with teenagers.
In 2007, it was "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise"-"Nutrition, health and harmony".
The year 2008 is "balanced nutrition and moderate exercise"-"nutrition, food safety and health"