Soilless cultivation of organic vegetables technology mainly includes base site selection, soilless cultivation facilities construction (greenhouses, cultivation tanks, water-fertilizer integration irrigation system, organic nutrient solution preparation centers, etc.), substrate configuration (mainly corn stover, sunflower stalks, straw, and other organic matter by adding an appropriate amount of sand, vermiculite, slag, and other inorganic matter), etc., should be closed for a week in the empty shed prior to planting, and the plant will be selected for good breeding or soaked seeds sown evenly and equally spaced in the cultivation tank. The selected plants or soaked seeds are sown evenly and equally spaced in the cultivation tanks.

First, soilless cultivation of organic vegetables technology

1, base site

Site selection needs to be far away from industry and human pollution in the region, and requires easy access to transportation, flat terrain, adequate power, water, soil and air conditions in line with organic certification standards. Soil requirements in accordance with the national "soil environmental quality standards GB15618-1995", water quality is not less than the "surface water quality standards" (GHZB1-1999) IV standards, the quality of the atmospheric environment is not less than the "ambient air quality standards" (GB3095-1996) level 2 standards, the soil quality at least to reach the second level or higher standards. In industrially developed and densely populated areas, the site must undergo strict site selection and set up an obvious isolation zone between the site and the regular plots of land, and the width of the isolation zone is required to be more than 10m.

2, soilless culture facilities construction

The main facilities include cultivation tanks, greenhouses or greenhouses, organic nutrient solution preparation centers, water and fertilizer integration irrigation systems.

3, substrate configuration

(1) substrate equipped with the main raw materials are corn stover (crushed), straw, sunflower stalks, soybean stalks, rape stalks, cottonseed hulls, cotton stalks, shavings, sawdust, grass charcoal, bark (diameter ?1cm), etc., In addition, it can also be added to the appropriate vermiculite, sand (diameter of 0.5-3.0mm), slag (need to be sieved, the diameter of ?3mm) and other inorganic substances to adjust the substrate physical properties. substances to adjust the physical properties of the substrate. According to the different raw materials, according to different ratios of mixed use of better results, with a good mix of substrate water and gas ratio should be 1: (2-4) appropriate, pH 6-7 appropriate, substrate weight should be 0.35-0.65g?cm-3 between the best.

(2) production method is the first to be able to close the plastic film indoors will be charcoal, vermiculite, sawdust according to the ratio of 1:1:1 (if you add a small amount of mushroom dregs, cake fertilizer and natural phosphorus powder, potassium ore powder, calcium chloride and other substances is better) fully mixed. Can be mixed and sprayed while the rotted marsh liquid, so that it is fully mixed and make the humidity uniform (a small amount of substrate can be used manually mixed, a large number of available mixer mixing), so that the water content of 75% -80% (in order to hold the hand into a ball and is not easy to spread, hold tightly slightly a small amount of water seepage, but not a drop appropriate), and then finally on top of the cover plastic film, closed greenhouse so that it is fully rotted for more than 2 months, in the middle of the cover can be uncovered! Turning 1 time, if the water is not enough, you can again spray methane, so that it can be fully cooked standby.

4, planting preparation

First of all, the smothering shed should be sterilized at high temperatures, in the summer high temperature season of the empty shed closed, so that the temperature inside the shed to reach more than 60 ℃, closed more than 1 week of time, can kill most of the pathogenic bacteria. Secondly, fill the substrate in the cultivation tank, after the fully-rotted substrate before use for turning the sun, so that the fermentation gas dissipation, can be filled into the cultivation tank, substrate should be slightly lower than the surface of the cultivation tank. Finally, then laying drip irrigation tape.

5, planting management

Planting should be the first pre-breeding of seedlings according to a certain spacing neatly planted in the cultivation tank, and then open the valve of the nutrient tube, adjust the pressure of the spray droplets, so that water and fertilizer can be evenly sprayed. The management after planting mainly includes scientific management of light, fertilizer, air and temperature, necessary artificial pollination, branching, and ecological control of pests and diseases. Organic vegetables should be harvested in a timely manner after reaching the harvesting standards to ensure the quality of vegetables, for some melons and fruits, eggplant and fruit vegetables, if harvested in a timely manner, can promote the late yield.

Second, the advantages of soilless cultivation

1, to avoid the obstacle of succession

In the field planting management of vegetables, to avoid successive years of heavy cropping, the land is reasonable crop rotation is to prevent the occurrence of serious diseases and the spread of one of the important measures. Soilless culture, especially the use of hydroponics, can fundamentally solve this problem.

2, water-saving, fertilizer, high yield

Soilless culture in the crops need a variety of nutrients are artificially formulated into a nutrient solution applied to keep the nutrients balanced, less water loss, absorption efficiency, and is based on the type of crop and the same crop at different stages of reproduction, the supply of nutrients scientifically. Therefore, the crop growth potential, growth and development of healthy, can fully realize the yield potential.

3, labor-saving, easy to manage

Soilless culture does not need to turn the ground, plowing, hoeing and other operations, labor-saving. Watering and fertilizer can be solved at the same time, and by the liquid supply system quantitative and regular supply, will not cause waste, easy to manage, greatly reducing the labor intensity.

4, conducive to the realization of agricultural modernization

Soilless culture makes agricultural production free from the constraints of the natural environment, can be produced according to the will of the people, is a kind of controlled agricultural production. A greater degree of farming according to quantitative indicators, conducive to the realization of automation, mechanization, so as to gradually move towards an industrialized mode of production.

5, not subject to regional restrictions, make full use of space

Soilless culture can make the crop completely out of the soil environment, not subject to water, soil conditions, in many of the earth's wilderness, deserts or difficult to cultivate the region, can be utilized by the use of soilless culture methods. Free from the constraints of the land, soilless culture can be utilized to plant flowers and vegetables on the flat roofs of abandoned buildings and factories in the city, expanding the area of cultivation in an invisible way.