Various types of marine life "giant" whales, although large, but not fish, fish in the largest size should be the whale shark. According to reports the largest whale shark body length of 21 meters, weighing more than 40 tons. And the smallest fish living in the Philippines Luzon Island and the Marshall Islands, a satin tiger fish, its body length is generally only 1 to 1.5 centimeters, weighing only a few tens of milligrams, this fish need tens of thousands of fish to have a kilogram weight.
Molluscan cephalopods in the largest body is the king squid, its largest individual body length of up to 17 meters, of which the head and carapace length of 6 meters, wrist length of 11 meters; and the smallest body length of the smallest fine squid body length of only about 1 cm. Some species of octopus individual is also very large, in 1973 in the United States off the coast of Washington State caught a Pacific octopus wrist length of 7.8 meters, weighing 53.6 kg. Octopus wrist has many suction cups, has a very large suction, the body size of the octopus wrist suction cups up to 2000, each suction cup suction about 100 grams, the total suction up to 200 kilograms.
Shellfish in the largest size is living in the tropical ocean giant clams, the largest individual shell diameter of 1.2 meters, weighing 100 kg; seaweed in the largest species is the Pacific giant algae, up to 60 meters in length, can be from dozens of meters deep under the sea all the way to the surface of the sea: jellyfish in the largest size for the Xia Jellyfish, the largest individual umbrella diameter of up to 2.4 meters, the wrist length of up to 36 meters; a kind of worm called ribbon worms, the largest individual umbrella diameter of up to 2.4 meters, wrist length of up to 36 meters; a kind of worm known as ribbon worms, the largest individual shell diameter of up to 2.4 meters, wrist length of up to 36 meters. The largest of the jellyfish species is the Kasumi jellyfish, with an umbrella diameter of up to 2.4 meters and a wrist length of up to 36 meters. These are also known as "giants" of their kind.
The fastest swimming marine life in the marine life of the fastest when the sailfish, the fastest swimming speed of up to 110 km / h, equivalent to the highway running fast car. Sailfish live in the ocean all year round, the body is streamlined, the dorsal fin is long and high, the muzzle protrudes forward in the shape of an arrow, the tail fin is developed and powerful, swimming very quickly.
Dolphins are the fastest of all marine mammals, with a maximum speed of more than 50 kilometers per hour.
Penguins are the best swimmers among marine birds, reaching speeds of up to 35 kilometers per hour.
The squid is a champion swimmer among invertebrates, and when it encounters an emergency, it can use the nozzle on its carcass to spray seawater to generate propulsion, and it can swim up to 32 km/h for a short period of time.
Flying fish fish will not only swim in the water, some will leave the water to fly in the air, the fish will fly is known as flying fish. Flying fish species up to hundreds of species, such as in China's north and south coasts more common swallow ray belongs to the flying fish. The body length of the swallow ray is generally only 20-30 centimeters, the body is streamlined, the pectoral fins are wide, and the unfolding is in the shape of a wing. When it encounters enemy attack in the water or is frightened, it can swim at a speed of more than 30 kilometers per hour to quickly rush out of the sea, and unfold the broad pectoral fins, like a bird spreading its wings to fly in the low altitude. Sometimes in order to increase the forward momentum, prolong the flight time, the swallow ray also often use the tail constantly hit the water. According to records, the swallow ray's longest flight distance of 396 meters, leaving the surface of the maximum height of 6 meters. Dominica, an island nation located in the Caribbean Sea in North America, is known for its abundance of flying fish, and it is said that there are dozens of species of flying fish in the ocean around it, and the largest species can be more than 1 meter in length, with a maximum flight distance of nearly 1,000 meters.
Flying fish seem to fly, but in fact just glide over the sea surface, because in the entire flight process, its fins can not be up and down like bird wings to produce flight power, but also can not be like insect wings that constantly and quickly shaking to produce power, but only like glider planes, relying on the water to swim quickly generated by the prime mover, rushed out of the sea to glide, flying a distance and then still have to fall back into the The sea continues to swim.
The fish can go up the tree fish not only can fly, and will run, and even will climb the tree. In China's southeastern coastal intertidal zone living a small marine fish, the scientific name of the mudskipper, body length is generally only about 10 centimeters, its pectoral and ventral fins are very well developed muscles, the pectoral and ventral fins can be used to support the body jumping forward, a little bit like the limbs of land animals. After the tide goes out, mudskippers often use their pectoral and ventral fins to support their bodies and jump lively on the beach, so they are also called jumping fish or jumping fish by local people. Mudskippers sometimes use their pectoral and ventral fins to climb up reeds or bushes at the water's edge to feed on insects.
There are also a few species of fish that can generate electric current in their bodies, releasing electrical currents that can be used to repel enemies and protect themselves. Some species can generate relatively strong currents. For example, the electric ray can discharge up to 200 volts (V), which can completely repel some larger aggressors, while the electric eel can discharge up to 600 volts, which can even knock out a large buffalo. Although their discharge voltage is relatively high, but the storage capacity is limited, after a few discharges will be depleted, need to be after a period of time before they can be discharged again.
According to measurements, the electric eel in the discharge of the average voltage of about 350 volts, the current can be greater than 1 ampere (A), the instantaneous discharge voltage up to 500 ~ 600 volts, the current of nearly 2 amps, the power of about 1 kilowatts (KW), the highest discharge voltage can reach 650 volts. Although the electric eel and electric ray release are direct current, but the discharge frequency up to 300 pulses per second.
The electric skate has a wide natural distribution, and can sometimes be found in our waters. The electric eel, on the other hand, is mainly distributed in the Amazon River basin in South America, and the electric catfish is mainly distributed along the Nile River in Africa.
Knowing how to "travel for free" fish in the ocean, there is a fish called crucian carp, which has a large suction cup shaped like the sole of a rubber shoe on top of its head, which can be used to attach to the suction cups to the body of large fish such as sharks, or sailing on the ship, free travel, was jokingly referred to as the "free traveler". Traveler". However, the carp does not use the labor of the adsorbed fish for nothing, but there is a certain **** biological relationship with the adsorbed fish, because it can eat the adsorbed fish parasites and food debris, and play the role of a free cleaner.
Freezing marine life some marine life in order to adapt to the special living environment, must have special skills. For example, living in the Antarctic waters of a fish is very resistant to cold, even in the ice-cold sea water, its blood will not coagulate, while the blood of ordinary fish in about 0.8 ℃ began to coagulate. Research has found that the blood of this fish hemoglobin 96% less than ordinary fish, but contains a large number of hydroxyl-containing special substances, and hydroxyl-containing substances are often used as an important component of the car radiator antifreeze. In the U.S. Alaskan waters also live a salmon, even if frozen into the ice will not die, in the ice melting can also live as usual. Local people in the catch of this kind of fish often put it into the basket and then frozen in the outdoors, want to eat and then get to the house to thaw, thawed fish is still alive. In addition, living in the intertidal zone of high-latitude waters shellfish cold tolerance is also very strong. For example, winter temperatures along the northern coast of China can drop below 0°C, and clams and pleated oysters living in the intertidal mudflats along the coast are often frozen into the ice. These shellfish are frozen into the ice for 3 to 5 days, thawed as usual can still survive.
The marine life known as "living fossil" December 22, in South Africa, East London Harbor offshore had caught a named "empty spiny fish", also known as the cavity spiny fish, spear-tailed fish, or Latimer fish special fish, has caused a marine biology community It caused a sensation in the marine biology community. The fossils of the fish first appeared in the Devonian to Cretaceous periods, more than 400 million years ago, and are thought to have gone extinct 200 million years ago, and one of them, the bony scales fish, is considered to be the ancestor of amphibians. The morphology and structure of the air-spined fish still retains some features of ancient fish, for example, its pectoral fin skeleton is similar to that of ancient amphibians, and it can turn in all directions, so it can crawl under the water; it has an air sac in its body similar to that of lungs; its caudal fin is spear-shaped and consists of three lobes; its fins are not branched; and the way the skeleton connects the fins to the body is similar to that of ancient fish. Therefore, this fish is known as the "living fossil" in marine fish. It has been caught in South Africa, Comoros and other seas, and the one found in 1999 is considered a new species.
Produced in the tropical Pacific waters of the nautilus is known as shellfish in the "living fossil". Nautilus first appeared in the late Cambrian period, in the Ordovician, Silurian and early Devonian most prosperous, the continuation of the present has been 400 million to 500 million years. Its shape is somewhat similar to other modern snails, but the nautilus shell's circling direction is along the same plane, while other snails' circling direction is three-dimensional. In addition, the shell of the nautilus was separated by a transverse septum into many small chambers called air chambers, with a small hole in the middle of the septum to connect the chambers to each other. Its soft-bodied parts live in the outermost chamber, which is called the dwelling chamber. Nautilus can adjust the volume of air in the air chamber to make it float in the seawater, so it can either live a prostrate life on the seabed or a semi-floating life. Nautilus has many wrist-like tentacles on its head and belongs to a large group of animals such as squid and octopus in the systematic classification of animals.
The horseshoe crab is also an ancient marine life, the time of its appearance earlier than the dinosaurs, the earliest seen in the Devonian period, the same period of trilobites and other extinct, fossilized organisms, while the horseshoe crab's reproduction has been continued to the present day, has been continued for about 400 million years. Therefore, horseshoe crabs are also known as the "living fossil" among marine organisms. The horseshoe crab still retains its ancient appearance in some of its morphological structures and larval development, and one stage of its larval development is very similar to that of the ancient fossilized trilobite, which is known as the trilobite larva. Horseshoe crabs have a strange appearance and are called sea monsters by the local people along the southeast coast of China, and also called horseshoe crabs in some places. The body of the horseshoe crab consists of three parts: the cephalothorax, the abdomen and the tail. The cephalothorax is half-moon shaped, covered with thick "armor", the back has a single eye and a pair of compound eyes. Abdomen smaller, hexagonal, 6 pairs of sharp spines on both sides, the ventral surface of the lamellar swimming limbs 6 pairs, of which the latter 5 pairs of limbs at the base of each with a pair of gills; tail long and hard, sword-shaped, can be free to swing. In animal systematic taxonomy, horseshoe crabs belong to arthropods, and shrimp and crab belong to a large class. At present, there are only five species in the world, more limited distribution in the southeast coast of China, North America, Central America, three regions. Distributed in the southeastern coast of China's scientific name for the Chinese horseshoe crab, also known as the eastern horseshoe crab or three spiny horseshoe crab, mostly inhabiting the sandy seabed, and can be submerged into the sand, living a camp day and night type of life, and sometimes can climb to the beach activities. Horseshoe crab grows slowly, about 8 years to reach sexual maturity, after maturity, horseshoe crabs often like mandarin ducks, male and female pairs of life, male horseshoe crabs can use its hooked appendages creeping on the back of female horseshoe crabs, along with the female horseshoe crabs with the action. The difference in body size between male and female horseshoe crabs is relatively obvious, with females being larger and males smaller. The blood of horseshoe crabs is special, most of the blood of general animals is red, but the blood of horseshoe crabs is blue, this is because most of the animals contain iron ions in their blood, which combine with oxygen to form hemoglobin, and thus the blood is red. This is because most animals have iron ions in their blood, which combine with oxygen to form hemoglobin, making the blood red. Horseshoe crab blood contains copper ions, which combine with oxygen to form hemocyanin, making the blood blue. Horseshoe crab blood is very sensitive to bacterial reaction, after injury, its blood can be quickly coagulated in the wound, playing a protective role. The reagent made of horseshoe crab blood can be used to test endotoxin, its test speed, high sensitivity, is a very valuable biochemical indicator.
Only see the female not see the male fish coastal fishermen often feel strange, why the monkfish caught by all the female fish, the male fish are where to go? The original monkfish female and male individual size difference is very large, some species of male and female individual size difference of thousands of times. The males are not only small, but also different in appearance from the females, and most of them are attached to the females, and when the females are caught, they mostly sneak away unnoticed. In other species, the males are not fully developed and can only parasitize the females, acting only to produce male gametes. For example, the male of the anglerfish is parasitized on the body of the female, just like a horn spur on the female, which is hard to find without careful observation. So all the anglerfish that people catch are females.
The seahorse, a sea creature raised by its father, also belongs to the fish family in the systematic classification of animals, but its appearance bears little resemblance to that of the fish. Its head is like a horse, and the body is curved at 90 °; abdomen protrudes; the body is covered with a layer of hard ring-shaped bone, like armor; the tail fin disappears, the tail is long and thin, can be curled, usually can be used to tail coiled attached to seaweed and other objects. Male seahorses have a brood pouch on their abdomen, female seahorses lay eggs in the brood pouch during the breeding season, and the young seahorses that hatch grow and develop in the brood pouch until they are able to live independently before they leave the brood pouch. Although this is somewhat like kangaroos on land, seahorses appear to be born from their father. Seahorses are a valuable Chinese herb, known as "Southern Ginseng," and are known for their ability to soothe the muscles, tonify the kidneys, dissipate knots, and reduce swelling.
Flounder and flounder flounder sometimes also known as halibut, the local name of the mouth of the fish, flounder and plaice is a general term for two categories of fish. Flounder has a special appearance, with a flat body, like a flat leaf. The upper side of the body color is darker, mostly brownish-yellow to brown, the lower side of the color is lighter, mostly white or yellowish-white; both eyes are born in the dark side, one of them is located in the middle of the head, and the other is biased to the side of the head; although the mouth is also born in the front of the head, but the direction of the cleft is not horizontal like other fish, but nearly vertical direction of the inclination of the cleft, and this is probably the reason why the fish is called the partial mouth. Flounder and plaice are so similar in appearance that it is not easy for the average person to distinguish them. One of the simplest ways to distinguish between them is to stand the fish on its side so that its head is facing forward and the eye on the side of the head is facing upward; if both eyes are born on the left side of the body (i.e., the darker side of the body is on the left side of the body), then it is turbot, and if it is on the right side of the body, then it is plaice, which is often called "left turbot and right plaice". Common flounder are turbot, turbot, flounder, etc. Common flounder are yellow flounder (local name small mouth), high eye flounder (local name long neck), stone flounder (local name stone concretions), starry flounder and so on.
The flounder spends most of its life prostrate on the bottom of the sea, with the lighter side facing down and the darker side facing up, and the body color of the upper side can also change with the change of the environment, sometimes the body color can become darker, sometimes it can become lighter, and sometimes it can also appear some small spots of different shades, so as to make it the same color with its surroundings, and to play the role of protective color. Flounder is similar to common fish in shape when it is young, and its body is also laterally flattened, with two eyes on both sides of its head, and it swims freely in the sea water. However, when the flounder grows to about 1 centimeter, it starts to sink to the bottom of the sea, with the right side of the flounder's body lying down on the bottom and the left side of the flounder lying down on the bottom. Due to the change of living environment flounder body shape also changed gradually, the body began to stretch to the dorsoventral direction wider, close to the seabed on the side of the body color becomes lighter, and upward side of the body color becomes darker, at the same time, the side of the head downward also gradually to the dorsal side of the twist, the eyes and the mouth are twisted and shifted, down the side of the eye to the dorsal side of the twist into a diagonal mouth, after a period of time of metamorphosis and development that is turned into the morphology of the same as the adults basically After a period of metamorphosis, the flounder becomes basically the same shape as the adult fish. The change in body shape and coloration of turbot flounder is to better adapt to the benthic lifestyle, and is a typical example of how the body structure of marine organisms is adapted to the environment.
Rays and stingrays, sometimes referred to by their local names, are also fish that often inhabit the sea floor. Rays and rays are two different types of fish, the appearance of the two are relatively similar, the fish body are flattened fan-shaped, the back of the birth of a long tail, swim the sides of the body up and down flapping, like a butterfly flying. The main difference between the two is: the ray's tail is a long, thin rod-shaped, the end of a not too large round piece of caudal fins, the upper side of the tail there are two not big dorsal fins; while the stingray's tail is whip-like, the end of the long, thin, no caudal fins, dorsal fins are mostly variations of the sharp spine-like.
Rays and rays and turbot flounder, also grow to a certain point when the body gradually stretched and become flat, the difference is that the turbot flounder with the side of the body on the bottom, the body shape becomes wider in the direction of the stretch for the dorsal-ventral direction; and rays and rays is the abdomen down on the bottom, the direction of the stretch to the two sides, the body shape becomes wider, and thus its two eyes have moved to the dorsal side of the center of the position, rather than like turbot flounder as one eye is in the center of the body and the other eye to the side of the head, the eye is biased towards the head, and the eye is not as the flounder. The Pacific sea skate is one of the rays with the largest eye in the group. The Pacific sea skate is the largest of the skates, with the largest individual reaching 7.6 meters in width and weighing 1,300 kilograms.
Why whales, abalone, squid, octopus do not belong to the fish whales, abalone, squid, octopus, etc. Although they are known as "fish", but in fact they are not fish, but other categories of marine life, was crowned with "fish" name is just a customary name. The name "fish" is just people's habit of calling it.
The whale is known as the whale, because of its appearance and fish are very similar, but also need to live in the water all year round, leaving the water can not survive, so people customarily called it a whale. In fact, the whale in the animal system taxonomy does not belong to the fish, but belongs to the mammals. The whale's respiratory organs for the lungs, need to float to the surface of the water often to breathe, the cubs are born in the fetus, the young whales need to female whale breast-feeding, these characteristics are similar to the land mammals, and fish is completely different. Appearance, the most obvious difference between whales and fish is that fish have a vertical caudal fin while cetaceans have a horizontal caudal fin, and fish have gill slits on both sides of the head while whales do not have gill slits on both sides of the head but do have respiratory holes on the upper side of the head.
The abalone, whose scientific name is abalone, is a very valuable marine shellfish. Its body is covered with a flat ear-shaped shell, belonging to the monocoque shellfish. Bao foot fat, meat tender and delicious, with high nutritional value and tonic health effects, favored by the masses, in our country since ancient times was included in the "eight treasures of the sea", with sea cucumbers, dried shellfish, bird's nests, shark's fins and other well-known. There are more than 100 kinds of abalone all over the world, all of them live in the ocean, mainly distributed in Asia, North America and Oceania's Pacific coast, the main producer countries are Australia, Mexico, the United States, Japan, China, etc. China is the world's largest producer of abalone, and it is the largest producer of abalone in the world. China is the world's largest abalone country, abalone production in recent years, more than 2/3 for the production of aquaculture. There are 8 kinds of abalone naturally distributed along the coast of China, among which there are only two kinds with certain production and economic value, which are wrinkled disc abalone and miscellaneous abalone. The former is mainly distributed in the northern coast north of Jiangsu, while the latter is mainly distributed in the coast south of Zhejiang. Among the two kinds of abalone, the wrinkled abalone has the freshest flavor and the best meat quality, and the price is also the most expensive, which is the top grade of abalone. However, the appearance of the two kinds of abalone is relatively similar, and it is not easy for the general public to distinguish between them. The main distinction is: wrinkled disc abalone shell hole number (i.e., the right side of the shell of a row of small protuberances at the top of the number of openings) is generally 3 to 5, while the number of holes in the shell of the miscellaneous abalone is generally 7 to 9; the former individual is larger, most of the wild individual shell surface for the greenish-brown, farmed individuals are generally green or emerald-green; the latter's largest individual is generally not more than 8 centimeters, most of the shell color of the reddish-brown to dark brown.
Squid is also known as soft fish or squid, octopus scientific name for octopus, they are all cephalopods in the mollusks. Their **** the same characteristics are a cylindrical or oval carcass, the front of the carcass for the head, the head on both sides of a pair of large eyes, the head is also born in front of 10 or 8 long carpal feet. The carpal legs are borne on the head, which is the main reason why they are collectively called cephalopods. The carcass of the squid is generally cylindrical, with 10 wrists on the head, eight of which are slightly shorter than the length of the carcass, and the other two wrists can be rapidly elongated during predation, about 3 to 5 times the length of the carcass when stretched out, but can be retracted when not in use to basically the same length as the other wrists. Squid swimming is also very interesting, forward and backward flexible, sometimes it is almost impossible to distinguish which side is the head and which side is the tail. Octopus, also known as octopus, its carcass is mostly oval, the head of the eight equal length of the wrist, the length of the wrist for the carcass is about 2 to 5 times the length of the carcass, and therefore in the systematic classification of animals, the former for the ten wrasses of the order, and the latter for the eight wrasses of the order.
Toxic marine organismsSome species of marine organisms have poisonous glands that can secrete venom, which can cause poisoning when humans are bitten or stung accidentally. For example: living in the waters of northern Australia, there is a jellyfish known as the "sea wasp", the venom contained in its body is known to be the most toxic of natural toxins, the toxicity of cobra venom more than the most toxic land creatures of the toxicity of the toxicity of the cobra. The venom was diluted 10,000 times and then injected into the experimental organisms, a few seconds can cause its death, swimmers are often fatal once stung. Some common large jellyfish along the coast of China, such as jellyfish, their tentacles are also born on the stinging cells, can secrete toxins, if stung, the light can cause redness and swelling and severe pain, and the heavier may lead to shock or even life-threatening. Sea snakes are all poisonous, and once bitten, most of them are fatal. Shellfish in the taro snail can be stimulated to eject poisonous spines, people can cause redness, swelling and severe pain after being stabbed. China's southern sea growth of the crown of spines on the shell of the sea urchin can also secrete toxins, people can also cause redness, swelling and severe pain when stabbed.
In addition, there are some toxic marine organisms that contain toxins in their tissues and organs, which can easily cause poisoning once eaten. The river triggerfish is feared to be the most lethal toxic fish among marine organisms. The liver, ovaries, blood, skin, eyeballs, etc. of the fish are highly toxic, known as "river triggerfish toxin", which can quickly cause paralysis and death after human consumption. The flesh of river herring is tender and smooth, and the flavor is very delicious, which attracts some people to eat it at the risk of their lives, and there is even a saying in Japan, "Eat river herring with your life". In Japan, there is even a saying that people will risk their lives to eat river herring. Almost every year, people die from eating river herring in China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Southeast Asia. In addition to river herring, Spanish mackerel (horse mackerel) and grass carp (carp) contain toxins in their livers, and red meat fish such as mackerel (mackerel) are susceptible to the production of a poisonous substance called histamine when stored improperly. Some shellfish, such as mussels and arkshells, sometimes accumulate a toxic substance called "shellfish toxin" in their bodies, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, coma and other symptoms in the less severe cases, and death in the more severe cases.
Pathogenic marine organismsSome marine organisms are prone to accumulate pathogenic microorganisms in their bodies, especially on their gills and in their digestive tracts, which can cause illnesses due to pathogenic microorganisms after human consumption. For example, the Hepatitis A incident that occurred off the coast of Rudong, Jiangsu Province, China, was a major outbreak of Hepatitis A triggered by arkshells carrying pathogenic bacteria. Some people are prone to vomiting and diarrhea and other digestive disorders after eating aquatic products in summer and fall, mostly due to the consumption of unclean marine organisms.
People-eating marine life marine life can be directly attacked by humans, and cause personal injury accidents most of the fish are sharks. There are about 350 species of sharks in the world, of which only certain large species may attack swimmers and surfers and cause harm to humans. Of the man-eating sharks, the great white shark is the most dangerous to humans, as it tends to live in warm, shallow waters and poses the greatest threat to swimmers. In addition, man-eating sharks, tiger sharks, hammerhead sharks and thresher sharks can also pose a threat to human safety. In Australia, the United States and coastal Southeast Asia, sharks attack people from time to time, swimmers are often "talk about sharks".