1. Explore the name, life history and habits of Lentinus edodes.

1. 1 Characteristics of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes belongs to Basidiomycetes, Agaricus, Pleurotus and Lentinus. Lentinus edodes is also known as Lentinus edodes, fragrant letter, mushroom (Japanese) or mushroom. Wild Lentinus edodes are mainly distributed in China, North Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Zealand and Nepal, and also distributed in Sakhalin Island, Thailand and Malaysia. The main producing areas in China are Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

There is no textual research on when mushrooms were planted in the history of our country. But at present, the origin of cultivation tends to Longquan theory. According to legend, it was invented by Wu Sangong, a farmer in Longyan Village, Longquan County, Zhejiang Province in the Song Dynasty, and was constantly explored and improved by mushroom people. In the Yuan Dynasty, farmer Wang Zhen summed up this passage.

1.2 Growth conditions of Lentinus edodes

Factors affecting the growth and development of Lentinus edodes include nutrition, temperature, humidity, light, air, pH and so on. Lentinus edodes is a kind of water rot fungus, which has no chloroplast in its body and mainly relies on decomposing and absorbing nutrients in wood or other substrates. Lentinus edodes belongs to the fungus with variable temperature and strong awakening. The temperature range of mycelium growth is 5 ~32℃ and 25 ~27℃, the fruiting temperature of fruiting body is 5 ~22℃, and the optimum temperature is about 15℃. Changing the temperature can promote the differentiation of fruiting bodies. Lentinus edodes, also known as aerobic mycelium, is not as sensitive to carbon dioxide as Ganoderma lucidum, but if carbon dioxide accumulates too much, it will always grow mycelium and form fruiting bodies. Lentinus edodes is a phototrophic fungus. Although the mycelium of Lentinus edodes can grow in the dark, the fruiting body cannot occur. Under moderate light, the fruiting body grows smoothly and spreads spores. The mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes needs acidic environment, and the mycelium can grow at Ph3~7, and Ph4.5 is the most suitable.

2. Mushroom cultivation techniques.

2. 1 cultivation of alternative materials

Alternative cultivation is to use various agricultural and forestry by-products as the main raw materials and add appropriate auxiliary materials to make culture medium to replace traditional cultivation materials (logs and broken wood) to produce various edible fungi. The raw materials for alternative cultivation are hardwood sawdust, some conifer sawdust (such as willow, fir and Korean pine), shavings, paper scraps, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, beet residue, straw, corn stalks, corncobs, wheat straw, sorghum hulls, peanut hulls and chaff. In addition, many pine sawdust are piled up and fermented at high temperature or spread out to dry the sawdust to remove its unique turpentine smell; It can also be used to cultivate mushrooms.

The process of artificial cultivation of edible fungi is essentially a process of artificially creating environmental conditions conducive to the development of mycelium and fruiting body of Lentinus edodes and unfavorable to the growth of other miscellaneous bacteria. The cultivation of Lentinus edodes as an alternative material comes from this principle. Moreover, substitution tillage can save wood, make full use of biological resources and turn waste into treasure. Expand the planting area, which is suitable for small-scale planting in families and large-scale production in factories. In addition, the product quality and economic benefit are higher than wood production, which is an effective way to cultivate mushrooms. Generally, 600 ~ 800 kg of fresh mushrooms can be harvested per 1000 kg of sawdust or cottonseed hull, which is an effective way to cultivate mushrooms in terms of product quality and economic benefits.

Technical measures for cultivating Lentinus edodes in 2.2 generation blocks

There are generally three methods to cultivate somatic strains of Lentinus edodes: spore separation, tissue separation and distilled water separation. Spore separation is sexual reproduction with strong viability, but the mutation rate is high, which is generally difficult to master. This method can be used in cultivating new varieties. Tissue separation method and mushroom-wood separation method are asexual reproduction, which are relatively stable and simple and widely used in production.

3. Matters needing attention in cultivating original seeds and cultivated seeds

First, the inoculation of original seeds and cultivated seeds must meet the requirements of aseptic operation; Two, after inoculation, from the third day, we should always check whether there is any mixed bacteria pollution, and take out the contaminated bottles in time for processing. Generally, the inspection should be continued until the mushroom mycelium covers the whole surface of the medium and penetrates into the medium for 2 cm; Third, if the cultured strains are not used for the time being, they should be moved to a cool, clean and clean room to avoid light to prevent aging.

Management before fruiting: prevent high temperature from producing mold and promote rapid healing of mycelium; Stimulate the formation of fruiting bodies through temperature difference and dry-wet difference.

Fruiting period management: strengthening water management in each period is the most important link. When small mushroom buds appear, the covered plastic film should be raised 5 ~ 6 inches to allow it to grow; According to the size, quantity and temperature of mushrooms, flexibly control the water quantity and keep the air humidity at 85% ~ 90%; After harvesting the first batch of mushrooms, stop water for a few days to facilitate the recovery of hyphae, and then spray water continuously for several days to make them dry, wet and wet; Expanding the temperature difference above 10℃ is beneficial to the formation of the next batch of fruiting bodies.

Harvest and processing: Only by adhering to the principle of "first ripe, first served" can high yield and high quality be obtained. And pay attention to drying, drying, drying.

4. Medicinal value and economic value of Lentinus edodes.

Mushrooms are rich in nutrition. As we all know, because it contains 18 kinds of amino acids, among the eight kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, Lentinus edodes contains 7 kinds and is rich in various sugars. It is often used to treat some diseases of the spleen and stomach and intestines.

Weakness of limbs, hemorrhoid bleeding, uterine functional bleeding, smallpox and measles in children. More importantly, shiitake mushrooms can prevent the occurrence of cancer cells and inhibit the induced cancer cells. Lentinus edodes is a famous medicinal fungus in China. Many medical scientists have written about the medicinal properties and efficacy of so-called mushrooms. For example, Compendium of Materia Medica holds that mushrooms are "sweet in taste, flat in nature and non-toxic". According to the "Medical Forest Compendium", Lentinus edodes is "sweet in taste and cold in nature" and "can hold pox poison". Now it is known that Lentinus edodes contains anti-tumor components-lentinan, lipid-lowering components-Lentinus edodes Taisheng, antiviral components-interferon inducer double-stranded RNA. In short, it is a rare health food in the stock market. And mushrooms can be used to stir-fry soup, stew and stir-fry They are rich in flavor and mellow, and are also known as "the king of delicacies". The economic value of Lentinus edodes is very significant. The cost of producing fresh shiitake mushrooms is about per kilogram 1.5 yuan, but the market price is 6~7 yuan per kilogram.

With the development of social economy, the demand for mushrooms will increase day by day.