"Benevolence": benevolence, love and kindness. Since Confucius advocated the theory of "benevolence", "benevolence" has become the "virtue" and "constant virtue" of the Chinese nation. Confucius regards "benevolence" as the highest realm of personal moral cultivation, "love" as the fundamental requirement of morality, and "benevolence in the world" as the highest social moral ideal. Talking about "benevolence" means talking about the relationship between people, and talking about people's love for people, from the love for parents, brothers and sisters to the love for others. "Benevolence" is not only the most basic virtue, but also the most universal standard of virtue. Talking about "benevolence" has become the traditional cultural concept of the Chinese nation. China people still regard those who have virtue as "benevolent" and those who have no virtue as "heartless". The idea of "benevolence", as the main value orientation and moral requirement of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, has penetrated into the blood of the Chinese nation and cast its special qualities.
"Righteousness": righteousness, justice, fairness, justice and fairness. Chinese traditional culture regards "righteousness" as the ultimate goal and value orientation of life. The Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean: "Righteousness is appropriate. Respect for capital is great. " Chinese traditional culture uses both righteousness and benevolence as the core content of traditional morality, and puts forward the ideas of "benevolence and morality", "benevolence and righteousness are exhausted", "sacrifice one's life for righteousness". "Righteousness" is the meaning of propriety, should and should, and it is the highest morality that people should follow. Altruism, not to harm and betray others, especially friends, in exchange for one's own survival and interests. "Righteousness", as well as the meaning of friendship and kindness, includes mutual concern, mutual care and mutual support between people. Affection and friendship, when developed to a perfect level, have the element of "righteousness". There is "righteousness", which makes friendship friendly and pure for a long time. With righteousness, friends will not betray their friends, and husbands will not abandon their wives and children. "Righteousness" is the lofty moral expression of the Chinese nation.
"Rites": courtesy, courtesy, comity, etiquette, etiquette and ritual system. "Rite" is the outstanding spirit of Chinese traditional culture and the way of social communication. Courtesy and benevolence are both exterior and interior, benevolence and loving others are the internal spirit of propriety, and respectful resignation is the external expression of benevolence. Courtesy, courtesy and attention to etiquette are the traditional virtues of China, a "state of courtesy and righteousness", and are also the important virtues of China people in the world. Chinese traditional culture believes that "ceremony" is a sign that distinguishes people from animals. "The reason why mortals are human beings is courtesy." (The Book of Rites) "Rites" is also the foundation of governing the country and keeping the country safe. China's ethical culture can be said to be "etiquette culture" in a sense. "Courtesy", in a broad sense, is about civilization. As an ethical system and ethical order, it is called "ritual system"; As a form of treating people and things, it is called "etiquette" and "etiquette"; As an individual accomplishment, it is called "politeness"; Used to deal with the relationship with others, it is called "comity". Courtesy, courtesy, comity, etiquette and etiquette system are the embodiment of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
"Wisdom": knowledge, wisdom, wisdom and wit. "Wisdom" leads to "knowledge". Ancient thinkers in China endowed "wisdom" with rich moral connotations. Wisdom knows to obey the Tao. Learn to know, unconsciously, wise but not *. "Benevolence, righteousness, propriety and faithfulness" are the basic principles of dealing with people, and to connect all these needs "wisdom" to run through them, otherwise, even if "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and faithfulness" are blessed in the body, it will not be accessible. In the new era, it is necessary to integrate the moral wisdom of the Chinese nation with humanistic wisdom and scientific wisdom to open up new wisdom.
"Faith": honesty and trust. Shuowen says: "People keep their word". "Faith" is the way to establish oneself, develop a business and manage the world. Good faith and peace. Honesty is an established social communication rule. Confucius listed "faithfulness" as one of the "four subjects" (writing, conduct, loyalty and faithfulness) and "five norms" (courtesy, tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and benefit) in educating students, and emphasized that "keeping your word" and "faithfulness means being conscientious." Traditional virtues such as "treat people with sincerity", "win people by faith", "keep a promise as good as a thousand dollars" and "be honest and trustworthy" have been respected and carried forward by people for thousands of years.
"Loyalty": loyalty, loyalty and forgiveness. "Loyalty" is an excellent moral character advocated by Chinese traditional culture. When it comes to "loyalty", people often think of "foolish loyalty", which is actually a misunderstanding. In Confucius' view, there is a question of loyalty not only to the monarch, but also to ordinary people and all people. In the era of Confucius, "Jun" was not unusual, and there were large and small "Jun" everywhere. In fact, Confucius was very opposed to foolish loyalty, and only by being right can he be loyal. In Chinese traditional culture, "loyalty" means that the king is loyal to the people: "thinking about benefiting the people and being loyal." The so-called loyalty is to seek goodness from the heart and do one's duty from the outside. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has a fine tradition of serving the country faithfully and sacrificing one's life for righteousness. "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world" is the same wish of people with lofty ideals in previous dynasties. Loyalty to the cause, the motherland and the people is the highest and most sacred value pursuit advocated by the Chinese nation.
"Filial piety": filial piety, filial piety and filial piety. The Chinese nation advocates the concept of ancestral inheritance. Mainly for parents, elders "filial piety", emphasizing the orderly. Confucius initiated private school and put "filial piety" in the first place in teaching, saying that "filial piety" is the foundation of morality. "Filial piety is the foundation of virtue", "Filial piety comes first in all the virtues". People often put "filial piety" and "serving the motherland" in opposition, thinking that "loyalty and filial piety cannot be both" and even belittling "filial piety". This is a misunderstanding. In fact, "filial piety to parents" and "serving the motherland" are both glorious. The two can and should be unified. Loyalty and filial piety can be both. There are some individuals who are restricted by conditions and cannot be unified, but they cannot be generalized. We should try our best to unify the two, so as to fulfill the loyalty of "serving the motherland" and filial piety of "honoring parents". This is a timeless traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
Festival: integrity, honor, integrity, temperance. Advocating ideals, beliefs and beliefs. Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius: "Being unjust and rich and expensive is like a cloud to me." Mencius put forward a wise saying in "Under Teng Wengong" that "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent". After thousands of years of tempering and development, it has become a noble quality of not seeking fame and fortune, being incorruptible for politics, being impartial and selfless, a great spirit of self-denial, self-improvement, and striving for greatness and lofty national integrity, and has become the spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation's self-respect and self-improvement and a person's eternal life.
The pursuit of personality.
"Brave": brave, strong and resolute. Chinese traditional culture has given rich connotations to "courage": "don't be afraid to be brave when you are faithful", "be brave when you devote yourself to righteousness", "be brave when you know death", "be brave when you hang on to your life", "be brave when you give up your life" and "be brave when you defeat the enemy's ambition". "Courage" means to dare to think, do, venture, innovate, develop, take responsibility, tell the truth, adhere to principles and seek truth from facts. In a word, "courage" means courage, decisiveness, fearlessness, and fortitude. China's traditional culture contains this spirit of self-improvement, bravery and tenacity, which is an inexhaustible motive force for the Chinese nation to endure hardships, endure for a long time, become more and more brave, and become more and more frustrated.
"Harmony": harmony, harmony, neutralization, peace and harmony. Seek common ground while reserving differences. Chinese traditional culture regards "harmony" as the highest value and the highest moral realm. "The use of courtesy, harmony is precious." (The Analects of Confucius, Learning to Learn) puts forward that the government should be "lenient with fierce, fierce with lenient", lenient with fierce, and "harmonious" with governing the country. Shi Bo, a doctor in Zhou Youwang, put forward the theory that "harmony with real life is not good" in view of the crisis of Zhou regime at that time. Mozi put forward: "Love each other and benefit each other", "Discrepancy cannot be combined." (Mo Zi Jian Shi, Volume III) "Harmony" is considered as the highest goal pursued by humanity. Traditional culture also puts "China" and "harmony" together: "China is also the foundation of the world; He who is in harmony will achieve the Tao in the world. To be neutral, the status of heaven is awkward, and everything is nurtured. " As an important content of Confucian culture, "neutralization" emphasizes the ideas of "harmony", "tolerance" and "harmony in time", which still has very important theoretical value and practical significance today. Harmonious husband and wife, harmonious family, harmonious neighborhood, harmonious society, harmonious nations, harmony between man and nature, harmonious wealth, peaceful world and harmonious economy are the highest realm and goal of Chinese traditional virtues.