1, soil preparation and fertilization. The cultivation density of early-maturing watermelon in greenhouse is generally high, so fine soil preparation is required. If you are using a winter shed, you should plough 25 cm deep before winter and freeze the bag to loosen the soil. Spread half of the base fertilizer in an all-round way, then turn it into the soil, level it, and then ditch it for centralized fertilization and border cultivation. When preparing soil, the roots of previous crops should be picked out of the shed.
Generally, small ridges and high ridges can be used as the border planting methods in greenhouses, and the border planting should be based on the row spacing of L-1.2 meters. In the case of close planting with scaffolding, grafting cultivation, pruning with two vines and keeping one melon per plant, it is appropriate to use the row spacing of 1 meter as a small ridge, and when creeping on the ground, the north-south border can be used (parallel to the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse).
Amount and type of base fertilizer: generally, 4000-5000 kg of high-quality manure (or 3000-4000 kg of decomposed chicken manure), 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0/5-20 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc, and 0/00 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer/kloc-. Half of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is applied during general ploughing, and the other half is applied in the high-yield ditch.
2, transplanting and planting. Watermelon in greenhouse can be planted about 10 days earlier than that in arch shed with three layers of film mulching. In general, the planting density in the greenhouse can be larger than that in the arch shed, and it requires more careful pruning. The planting density with scaffolding is denser than that with creeping cultivation on the ground. Excessive close planting in greenhouses is not suitable, especially in areas with heavy rain and weak light in spring.
Planting method of watermelon in greenhouse; Firstly, the planting points are drawn on the border of the buckle film according to the plant spacing, and then the planting is done in sunny days, and the planting is completed from 9 am to afternoon. The size of the planting hole should be adapted to the size of the soil lump or the nutrition bowl. Then pour a proper amount of bottom water into the hole, and plant the seedlings when the water just seeps down. When planting seedlings, carefully take off the plastic bowl first, and plant the complete soil lump into the planting hole, so that the surface of the soil lump is flush with the border surface or slightly exposed. Fill the soil immediately after putting the seedlings in place. Gently compact the filled soil around the soil mound by hand, or temporarily seal the nest on the day of planting, and seal the nest after watering again the next day to facilitate slow seedling growth. After the whole shed is planted, the border surface can be cleaned, and a small arch frame can be inserted on the ridge surface, and the film can be buckled on it to form a one-stop small arch shed. Because there is no wind in the greenhouse, the arch frame can be simpler, and the small arch shed can also be covered with plastic film, and it is not necessary to press it tightly, so that the cover can be uncovered by day and night in warm weather. In order to replenish seedlings, more backup seedlings should be planted in the shed at the same time. In order to improve the soil temperature on the day of planting, it is best to finish planting before 2-3 pm.
3. Temperature and humidity control in the greenhouse.
① Humidity management. Within 5-17 days after planting, attention should be paid to raising the ground temperature, keeping it above the lonely temperature to promote seedling delay. If the daytime temperature is higher than 35 degrees, you should try to shade and cool down. Ventilation can be started after seedling delay to adjust the temperature in the shed, which is generally not higher than 3T-32 degrees during the day and not lower than 15 degrees at night. During this period, the shed temperature can be controlled by opening and closing the skylight. When the melon vines are about 3t cm long, the small arch shed can be removed. When watermelon is in full bloom in greenhouse, it should keep sufficient light and high night temperature, because if the night temperature is low after artificial pollination, it will cause fruit drop and affect fruit hypertrophy. When the outside temperature exceeds 18 degrees, the ventilation should be increased, and both sides of the skylight and shed should be ventilated at the same time, and the daytime temperature should not be higher than 30 degrees to prevent excessive temperature difference between day and night and excessive daytime temperature. At this stage, watermelon enters the swelling stage and maturity stage, and the high daytime temperature and the large daily temperature difference will lead to the deterioration of fruit quality and quality.
② Humidity management. The relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse is high, and the air humidity can be obviously reduced under the condition of covering with plastic film. Generally, the air humidity in the greenhouse is low in the early stage of watermelon growth, but after the vines are covered with leaves (bracket cultivators) or closed (ground-climbing cultivators), the air humidity in the greenhouse increases because of the large transpiration and the increased irrigation. The relative humidity is generally 60%-70% during the day and 80%-90% at night. In order to reduce the air humidity and diseases in the shed, some measures can be taken, such as closing the shed in sunny and warm days, increasing air circulation and spreading grass between rows to reduce soil evaporation. It is advisable to keep the relative humidity at 60-70% in the middle and late growth period.
4. Adjustment of illumination and gas composition.
(1), increase the amount of lighting. Watermelon requires strong light intensity. However, due to the dew condensation or unclean surface of the shed film, the light intensity in the shed is often reduced, especially in the case of multi-layer coverage. Therefore, attention should be paid to keep the shed film clean and not to use old films with poor light transmission. The light in the greenhouse mainly comes from the top (glazing) and the side (side light), and the ground film also has a certain reflective effect in the early growth stage. The normal photosynthesis of leaf area above the ground 1 m has a great influence on watermelon yield under the condition of close planting with scaffolds. Therefore, during the watermelon growth period, the light from the top and two sides of the shed should always enter the shed unimpeded, so that the leaves above 1 m in the shed can get enough light in the middle and late growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly prune, weight and top in time, so that the leaves on the top of the shed are 30-40 cm away from the film on the top of the shed, and to prevent the rows, tops and sides from being closed. When tying vines, attention should be paid to the spacing of 20-30 cm between leaves to prevent overlapping.
② Gas regulation in the shed. The carbon dioxide content in the air in the closed greenhouse is seriously insufficient, which affects the normal photosynthesis and the accumulation of assimilation products. Carbon dioxide fertilization is to artificially increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse and supplement the insufficient carbon dioxide content in the greenhouse. The methods are as follows: firstly, fresh horse manure is piled in the shed, which can release carbon dioxide during the fermentation process, and 5-6 kg is piled up per 1 m3 space; secondly, burning propane gas can produce carbon dioxide. Burning1.2-1.5 kg in a greenhouse with an area of 600 square meters can make the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse as high as 1.3 ml/L, and the amount of propane gas to be burned can be determined according to the area of the greenhouse. Third, the application of coke carbon dioxide generator can release carbon dioxide when coke is fully burned; Fourth, the simplest way is to put concentrated hydrochloric acid in a container that is not corroded, and then put a small amount of stone flow (calcium carbonate), which can produce carbon dioxide through chemical reaction. The period of carbon dioxide fertilization is mainly in the peak growth period of watermelon, especially in the fruit development period; The suitable time is the peak period of photosynthesis around 10 in the morning, and the optimal concentration is1-1.5 ml/L. Ventilation must be adopted to keep the gas in the shed fresh and prevent the accumulation of harmful gases.
5, the whole branch is tied with vines.
(1), pruning. Under the condition of close planting in greenhouse, strict pruning should be carried out. When the main vine is 30-50 cm long after the vine is stretched, the side vines have also obviously stretched out. When the lateral vines grow to about 20 cm, select one strong lateral vine from the middle and remove all the others, and then remove the lateral vines that grow on the main and lateral vines when necessary. Leave10-15 leaves on the top of the melon node to top it. The pruning work is mainly carried out before the melons sit down. In the case of bracket cultivation, the work of removing lateral vines (raking) should be carried out until the frame is full and the top is topped. When removing the lateral vines, remove the tendrils.
(2), scaffolding tied vines. In the case of greenhouse bracket cultivation, vertical frame should be adopted. Hanging ropes can also be used for bamboo poles, but thick bamboo poles are better, because bamboo poles are not easy to fall off. More than 20 days after planting, the main vine is about 30 cm long. After removing the small arch shed in the greenhouse, chajia can be carried out immediately. Two bamboo poles can be inserted according to each melon seedling. On both sides of the plant, more than 10 cm away from the root of the plant, the bamboo poles should be firmly inserted and erected. After inserting the stand, the vines will be led and tied. When the vines are 30-40 cm long, the creeping melon vines can be led to the vertical poles, with one pole for each vine. Attention should be paid to managing the vines during the vine binding operation, and attention should be paid not to touch the big melons in the later stage. The vine binding and pruning work can be combined. In the case of ground climbing cultivation, the pruning method of watermelon in greenhouse is basically the same as that in double-covering cultivation, but because it is in greenhouse, it can be pulled and pruned in time after stretching, and measures such as pressing vines can also be omitted. In the case of climbing cultivation in greenhouse, strict pruning should also be adopted, and the double vine pruning method should be applied in close planting.
6. Artificial pollination. Because of the flowering habit of watermelon in greenhouse, pollination should be carried out at 8-9 am. On cloudy days, the male flowers are scattered late, which can be postponed appropriately. In order to prevent the male flowers from spreading pollen late in rainy days, the male flowers that can bloom the next day can be retrieved in the afternoon of the first day and placed indoors in dry and warm conditions, so that they can bloom and spread pollen on time the next morning, and then pollinate the female flowers with this flower. Pollination should start from the second female flower. So as to keep melons.
7, choose melon hanging melon. In order to increase the weight of single melon and make the melon shape straight, we should choose to keep the melon sitting on the second female flower. If the melon is left too early, it will be small and the melon shape will not be straight, and if it is too late, it will not be conducive to the early market. Generally, the melon embryo will grow obviously after 3-5 days of pollination, so we should give priority to keeping the melon on the main vine. Stay on the main vine, but stay on the side vine. In the case of bracket cultivation, when the melon grows to about 0.5 kg as big as the bowl mouth, it should be hung in time to prevent the young melon from falling after it grows. In the case of ground climbing cultivation, melons should be selected, padded and turned over as in arch shed cultivation.
8. Top dressing and irrigation. Watermelon in greenhouse should not be watered too much in the early stage. Generally, after the seedling is delayed, if the ground is not dry, you can not water it; If it is too dry, it can be watered once along the ditch. After that, keep the ground wet and dry, control irrigation, improve the ground temperature, and make the seedlings strong. During the vine stretching period, water can be poured twice before inserting the stent. The amount of water is moderate. Do not water during flowering and fruit-setting period to prevent overgrowth and promote fruit-setting. When young melons grow to the size of eggs, they can be watered once every 3-4 days to promote the expansion of young melons. Topdressing of watermelon in greenhouse under the condition of bracket cultivation, 20 kg/mu of nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate can be applied in shallow ditches on both sides of melon ridge before the bracket is removed, so as to promote root extension and tree growth and lay the foundation for flowering and fruit setting. After the young melons sit down and grow to the size of eggs, apply (combined with irrigation) 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu to promote the long melons. After the fruit is fixed, foliar topdressing with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for L-2 times. In the case of harvesting second-crop melons, you can sit on the second-crop melons and apply ternary compound fertilizer 15 kg/mu after harvesting the first-crop melons.
9, pest control and other management. The main pest of watermelon in greenhouse is aphid. In order to control aphid, 2000 times of DDV＋+dimethoate (1:1) can be sprayed on the seedbed before planting. At the peak of melon expansion, vines and leaves are flourishing in the shed, the air circulation is poor, and aphids are serious, so we must pay attention to strict pesticide control. The main disease is powdery mildew, which should be prevented as soon as possible. The prevention and control of anthracnose should be started at the swelling stage of watermelon, and the disease of watermelon can be greatly alleviated by strengthening ventilation and reducing the air humidity in the shed in the middle and late growth stage. Watermelon in greenhouse, especially in bracket cultivation, can produce high-grade watermelon with good shape, bright skin color and no negative and positive sides because the watermelon fruit is in good protection conditions and good light reception.
How to plant watermelon in greenhouse 1. Select improved varieties.
[1] variety
Choose early-maturing watermelon varieties with cold tolerance, disease resistance, high sugar content, good commodity and storage and transportation resistance, such as Xin Jing, Xinhongbao, Zun of the King, Xinong No.8, Xin Jing No.2, etc.
(2) Seed quality
Seed purity should be above 98%, germination rate should be around 90%, and purity should be above 90%.
Second, stubble arrangement
In early spring, the cultivation of large arch shed adopts multi-layer covering techniques such as adding small arch shed and covering with plastic film in the large arch shed to improve the ground temperature and air temperature as much as possible. Huachi county is suitable for sowing in the middle and late February, planting in the late April and harvesting in the middle and early June, with high yield and good benefits.
Third, raising seedlings
[1] Manufacturing method and specification of seedling pot
Made of old newspapers, waste plastic film, shed film and other materials into a bottomless cylinder with specifications of 8cm×8cm or 10cm× 10cm; You can also directly use the finished plastic nutrition bowl.
[2] Preparation of nutrient soil
7 parts of garden soil (fertile soil without cucurbitaceae crops), 4 parts of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, 1 part of decomposed horse manure and 1 part of plant ash were smashed, mixed and sieved, and 40g of 50% carbendazim was added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil (which was mixed with the nutrient soil after being prepared into an aqueous solution), and 40% methyl isocarbophos/kloc was used. The nutrient soil is covered with plastic film and bored for 2-3 d, and then put into a bowl for later use. When putting into a bowl, a space with a height of 3cm is reserved in the bowl to cover the soil after sowing.
(3) Seed treatment
Choose sunny weather to dry the seeds 1 d, and the seed dosage is 50- 100g for 667 square meters. Soak the seeds with warm water at 55℃, stir constantly when pouring warm water, soak the seeds 1 h after the water temperature drops to 30℃, and then soak the seeds with 200 times of 40% formaldehyde for 30min. After washing the seeds, clean them.
(4) Selection of nursery fields
Seedling cultivation should be carried out in sunny beds, and the seedling cultivation field should choose the field with east-west leeward and sunny direction, which is convenient for transplanting and transportation. On the north side of the border, build by laying bricks or stones an earth wall with a height of 60cm, with gables on both sides of the border in an arc shape, covered with film and covered with grass at night. Seedling bed width 1.5-2 m, depth 25-30 cm, and length determined according to seedling quantity.
[5] sowing
Sow in sunny weather around February 15. Put the nutrition pots in the seedling bed neatly, water them, spray 3 kg of water on the bed surface with 2 mL of transplanting spirit per square meter after the water permeates, and sow the seeds after the medicine permeates the soil. Sow 2 seeds to accelerate germination in each nutrient bowl, cover them with 2-3 cm thick nutrient soil, then cover the whole seedbed with film and cover it with grass at night.
(6) Seedbed management
Uncover the mulch during the day and cover it at night before emergence, and do not open the shed film. The temperature is controlled at 30-35℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. After the seedlings are all grown, cover with 1cm nutrient soil to support the seedlings. The temperature of the first 1 leaf was slightly lowered before unfolding, which was 25-28℃ during the day and 15- 18℃ at night. Water the seedbed according to the situation, generally every 2-3 d 1 time. 7 days before planting, the seedlings were tempered to improve the survival rate.
Fourth, colonization
[1] Soil preparation and fertilization
Watermelon fields must be turned over in autumn and plowed 1-2 times after thawing in the following year. In autumn ploughing, 5000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 25kg of diammonium phosphate 15kg, 25 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 0/0 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc-0 were applied at one 667m2 during soil preparation, and then ploughed deeply; At the end of March of the following year, plough and harrow, then apply 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 50kg of potassium sulfate 10kg, 50kg of decomposed bean cake and 30kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer.
(2) ridging and film covering
Before planting 10 d, the ridge width is 1.2m, the ditch width is 0.3m, the middle of the border is slightly higher, and it is arched, and then the film with the width of 1.4 m is covered, and the direction of the border should be east-west.
(3) Build an arch shed
5 d before planting, the shed was buckled to warm the ground. The steel frame greenhouse in Huachi County was built according to the specifications of 40m×6m, and the shed film was fixed with string or film pressing line to prevent the strong wind from damaging the shed film.
(4) colonization
Choose sunny weather for planting around April 15, with planting per ridge 1 row, row spacing 1.5 m, plant spacing of 45-50 cm, and planting 850-980 plants in 667m2. When planting, punch holes with a seedling transplanter, fill each hole with water of 1 kg, plant seedlings after the water permeates, seal the holes with soil after planting, and then compact the shed film. Irrigation along the ditch after seedling planting.
V. Post-planting management
[1] temperature management
After transplanting, close the shed on time, let out the wind and adjust the temperature in the shed. Before slow seeding, the temperature should be kept at 30℃ during the day and above 15℃ at night; 25-28℃ during the day and 12℃ at night after slow seedling.
(2) Water and fertilizer management
[3] urging trees to water
After delaying seedling, watermelon grows rapidly, and enters the stage of cluster (5-leaf stage). In order to promote plant growth and make it stretch quickly, it is necessary to irrigate and topdressing as early as possible, with 667m2 of urea 10kg and diammonium phosphate 10 kg. Then, irrigate in the furrow, till it is dry, to conserve moisture and promote root development.
[4] swollen melon water
After the fruit is firmly seated, it should be irrigated with 1 time swelling water when the young melon eggs are large, and 667 square meters should be topdressing with potassium sulfate 15 kg and high-efficiency compound fertilizer 20 kg. During the swelling period of watermelon, it can be irrigated with 1 time small water, and the water amount is generally appropriate at13 ditch depth, so as not to flood with large water. In the late stage of melon-bearing, the leaves of watermelon are sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2%-0.3% urea solution to turn yellow and finally wither, and topdressing is carried out outside the roots. Watermelon essence, amino acids, organic ecological fertilizers, etc. can also be sprayed every 10d/time.
How to plant watermelon 8424 in greenhouse in early spring (irrigation) 5 kg/mu of water-soluble fertilizer for leafy melons.
(Spraying) 40g/mu of foliar fertilizer special for Yeshuo melons.
Cucumber nutrition program
1, after transplanting-vine extension stage
Flushing application: after transplanting, root water is poured once, and it is sprayed once at the vine extension stage to promote roots and slow down seedlings quickly and reduce dead seedlings;
Spraying: spraying twice continuously with an interval of 7- 10 day to promote and strengthen flowers and improve the fruit setting rate;
2, sitting melon period-melon expansion period
Rushing application: when the melon eggs are big, it is washed once, the melon shape is positive, the melon expands quickly, the flesh is bright red, and the taste is crisp and sweet; In the swelling stage, it was washed 1-2 times, which made the swelling fast and the taste sweet;
Leaf spraying: spraying it twice continuously from the beginning of melon-sitting period to promote flowers and strengthen flowers, improve the rate of melon-sitting and reduce melon cracking and umbilical rot;
3. Post-harvest recovery-the end of two melons
Flushing: Flushing twice in a row, with an interval of 5 days, and then flushing twice for each batch of melons, so as to prevent vine falling, restore vine vigor, reduce yellow leaves lacking in elements, expand melons quickly, and improve the later yield;
Leaf spraying: reduce the lack of yellow leaves;
Using greenhouses and other protected areas to cultivate high-grade gift watermelons has formed a large scale in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing and other places. In recent years, it has been introduced, studied and popularized in southern provinces, especially in the Yangtze River basin, which has produced good economic and social benefits. For example, "Early Spring Redjade" watermelons, which are common in the market, are sold in most large and medium-sized cities in China and are favored by consumers. It is a good way to generate income and increase efficiency by cultivating gift melons in greenhouses in early spring.
Greenhouse Construction of South Greenhouse for Watermelon Cultivation, the primary function of greenhouse is rain protection, followed by heat preservation. Watermelon is most afraid of too much rain, but it rains a lot in the south, especially in spring and summer, which leads to the instability of watermelon production in this area. The problem can be solved well by covering with rain-proof cultivation in greenhouse. Plastic greenhouses should be built on land with high terrain, easy drainage, sufficient sunshine and suitable for planting watermelons, especially in paddy fields where melons have not been planted for many years. Generally, the width is 7 ~ 8 meters, the length is 25 ~ 30 meters, and the height is 2 ~ 2.5 meters. Bamboo shed, cement shed or steel shed can be used. The investment of this cultivation form is large, and land selection is the key. Generally, only 1 year should be planted in the same place, and the next year it should be changed to a suitable planting plot where melon crops have not been planted for many years, so its dismountable efficiency should be considered when building a greenhouse.
Variety Selection High-grade varieties should be selected for watermelon cultivation in greenhouse in early spring to achieve the purpose of high-grade, high-quality and high-efficiency. At present, the most widely used variety in production is Zaochun Hongyu, and other varieties include Zaojia, Xiaolan, New Jin Lan, Xiuli, beautiful and elegant, Bingjing, Huameiren, Hongxiaoyu and Huangxiaoyu.
Raising seedlings early is the basis of this technology. Generally, seedlings should be raised in1~ February with 7 ~10 consecutive sunny days before and after the Spring Festival. Nutrition pots are used to raise seedlings in greenhouses, which are covered in multiple layers, and there should be insulation and anti-freezing facilities, such as ground wires and high-power light bulbs, so as to facilitate germination and sowing, seedling emergence as soon as possible and reduce the probability of freezing injury. 1~ In March, the temperature in the Yangtze River basin is low, and there are often cold waves. When watermelon seedlings are raised, freezing injury is most likely to occur from sowing to seedling stage, especially from sowing to seedling stage, and it is dangerous when the temperature is below 10/~ 2 days, so it is necessary to avoid the cold waves as much as possible or adopt heating protection facilities. In addition, keeping the seedbed and nutrient soil as dry as possible is also an effective measure to improve the ability of cold resistance and disease resistance. In order to promote the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to irrigate fertilizer and water in sunny days, and the nutrient soil becomes dry1~ 2 days after irrigation, which is beneficial to improve the cold resistance and disease resistance of plants.
Covering cultivation in early spring is generally carried out in three layers, namely, greenhouse, small arch shed and plastic film. Full mulching with plastic film has the advantages of enhanced heat preservation and water retention efficiency, no weeds, no soil on vine leaves and fruits of watermelon, and irrigation with fertilizer water under the film to reduce the infection of diseases and pests and improve the appearance of fruits.
Fertilization It is relatively difficult to topdressing because of full mulching with plastic film, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting. It is appropriate to use cake fertilizer, livestock fertilizer, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and other late-acting fertilizers as base fertilizers, but only after fermentation, quick-acting fertilizers should be applied less. Drip irrigation under plastic film is used for watering and topdressing, that is, drip irrigation pipe is placed 50 cm away from the field before plastic film covering, and the fertilizer is fermented, soaked and filtered before drip irrigation, which is beneficial to protect the vine leaves and fruits of watermelon. After picking a batch of melons, topdressing should be done in time to facilitate continuous fruit setting.
Plant and Fruit Management: When the plant grows to about 1 m, prune 3 ~ 4 vines to ensure that each plant bears 2 ~ 3 fruits at a time. Pruning in sunny afternoon is generally selected to avoid breaking and damaging vine leaves, which is beneficial to wound healing and reducing disease infection. In early spring, due to low temperature and few insects, it is difficult to set fruit, so measures such as artificial pollination and bee release can be adopted to promote fruit setting. In order to improve the economic benefits, low-end places can also sit on the melon and go public early. Deformed melons and cracked fruits should be removed in time. Small watermelons are generally of good quality, and they have high quality when they are eight ripe, especially in the high temperature season, they can mature more than 20 days after fruit setting, so they should be picked in time to go on the market, otherwise they will be over-ripe. If long-distance transportation is needed, it should be packed in cartons to avoid melon cracking.
How to plant early spring red nonyl watermelon in greenhouse? Redjade belongs to the gift watermelon, ranking first among watermelons with its unique taste sweetness! My planting usually has three wrists, two main wrists and one negative wrist! Er Dao gua Niu Zuo gua
Watermelon planting in greenhouse can withstand several degrees of low temperature at night not less than 15 degrees. Temperature and humidity control in greenhouse ①. Humidity management. Within 5-17 days after planting, attention should be paid to raising the ground temperature, keeping it above the lonely temperature to promote seedling delay. If the daytime temperature is higher than 35 degrees, you should try to shade and cool down. Ventilation can be started after seedling delay to adjust the temperature in the shed, which is generally not higher than 3T-32 degrees during the day and not lower than 15 degrees at night. During this period, the shed temperature can be controlled by opening and closing the skylight. When the melon vines are about 3t cm long, the small arch shed can be removed.
Watermelon planting technology in greenhouse soil preparation and planting melons prefer sandy loam with strong permeability, and low-lying water storage land and paddy field cannot be selected. One-time application of 5000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu, additional application of diammonium 15 kilograms, and 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer. Ridge normally, plant two ridges and leave an empty ridge, and leave a drain between the two ridges. Transplanting can be carried out in late April, with seedlings per mu 1700, pits should be planed according to the plant spacing of 0.4m, and a small amount of diammonium should be applied to each pit. After watering, plant seedlings and cover them with plastic film. Punch the plastic film on the seedling to let the seedling protrude from the hole, seal the seedling root with fine soil, fasten it with a small arch shed, and then fasten it with a large arch shed.
Manage the ventilation when the temperature exceeds 25℃ during the day, and close the ventilation when the temperature drops to 20℃. When the outside air temperature keeps above 15℃ during the day, the small arch shed will be demolished, leaving only the plastic film and the big arch shed, and the big arch shed will be kept from beginning to end. The big arch shed will be closed at night and rainy days to avoid the direct contact between rain and dew and the diseases of melons and seedlings. In case of drought, irrigation can be carried out in the furrows under the plastic film. The humidity in the shed is within 50 ~ 60%, and it is easy to get sick if it exceeds 70% for a long time. When the seedlings have 4-6 true leaves, the buds are picked, and after 3-4 sub-vines bear fruit, all the sun vines behind the fruit are removed, and the sun vines in front of the fruit are left with 3-4 leaves for pinching.
Pests and Diseases Control The main diseases of melons are downy mildew, powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt. Insects are aphids. Spraying the poisonous mildew and triadimefon alternately every 7 days. If aphids are found, dimethoate can be used to control them. Stop using pesticides 15 days before harvest.
1, land selection and soil preparation. Watermelon is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, so continuous cropping is not possible. It is advisable to choose fertile sandy loam with good ventilation in land selection. Generally, the garden where watermelon is planted continuously is not selected, and the soil preparation should be deeply cultivated, and the furrows, waist ditches and surrounding ditches are connected to facilitate irrigation and drainage.
2. Fertilizer and water management. Sufficient basal fertilizer and reasonable topdressing are the prerequisites for high yield and high quality of watermelon. The basal fertilizer accounts for about 60%-70% of the total amount. The application method is better to apply it in furrows or holes between rows, with organic fertilizer as the main application, with cake fertilizer 100kg and bone meal of 50kg per mu. Farmers without cake fertilizer and bone meal can use ternary compound fertilizer of 50-80 kg and stable manure of 2000kg to compost with high quality. Topdressing depends on the growth period of watermelon. After the watermelon is planted and survives, sufficient seedling fertilizer should be applied, that is, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu should be applied in ditches or holes, and vine-accelerating fertilizer (ternary compound fertilizer)/0-20 kg should be applied when 5-6 real leaves are planted, and melon fertilizer should be expanded again when young fruits are seated (egg size), and fruit-strengthening fertilizer should be applied in ditches or holes, that is, decomposed human excrement and urine/kloc-should be applied per mu.
Greenhouse watermelon planting technology ppt) needs artificial pollination. Pay attention to diseases,
Watermelon can be planted in greenhouse in August. Greenhouse is said in the south, but only skeleton and film greenhouse is said in the north. There are earth walls, skeletons, films and heating devices. Jilin belongs to the northeast, and it is cold in winter, so it is suitable for greenhouse. I hope it can help you.