Hysteria, also known as hysteria, was recorded in ancient Greece as early as 480 BC. But at that time, it was thought that it was a disease caused by the migration of uterus in abdominal cavity, so it was named "hysteria" (Greek meaning "uterus"). The ancients thought that there was something wrong with the uterus of hysteria patients, so at that time, hysterectomy was taken for some patients with serious symptoms, which seemed almost absurd at present, but it was quite popular at that time. It was not until the19th century that people gradually realized that it was a brain dysfunction disease and put it into the category of neurosis.
Hysteria is more common in young women, and the education level of patients is generally low. In addition to mental stimulation and genetic factors, many patients have personality defects such as emotional instability, fantasy and easy acceptance of hints before onset. Once these people are mentally stimulated, it is easy to cause diseases.
In all kinds of human diseases, almost all hysterical symptoms are the most. It can show the symptoms of various systems and parts of the human body, and its attack forms are various and all-encompassing, sometimes confused with other diseases and easily misdiagnosed. Such as the most common hysterical spasm, the patient's limbs twitch, shortness of breath, eyes closed, very similar to grand mal. Patients with hysterical pseudodementia seem to be mentally retarded, and they will say the wrong age and name and answer the result of 2+2 as 3 or 5. But after careful examination, it will be found that their memory of complex calculations or events is accurate, and the patient's intelligence is actually not defective. Hysterical paralysis
I can't afford to collapse for many years, but there is no sign of paralysis during the examination. There was once a patient who had been paralyzed in bed for many years. One day, he suddenly heard his neighbor shout "Fire!" He immediately jumped out of bed, picked up his suitcase and rushed to the door. He recovered after years of paralysis. Hysterical blindness and deafness, although losing sight and hearing, can avoid obstacles when walking and wake up when sleeping. A foreign scholar said, "Hysteria is a connoisseur in disguise, a versatile imitator and a chameleon." What he called "camouflage" and "imitation" are figurative, but they are not really pretending to be sick, because people who pretend to be sick often get sick for some purpose, and the purpose of "illness" is to cure themselves. Hysterical patients don't have this kind of consciousness and motivation, and they can't influence their illness with their own subjective will.
What are the personality characteristics of hysteria patients? Health question and answer
Most hysteria patients have a special hysteria personality. The main feature of hysteria personality is that it is too emotional or exaggerated to attract others' attention, so it is also called performance personality, which is called "performance behavior" and "striving for attention" abroad. It is reported that 2% ~ 3% of the general population, including those who have not reached the level of hysteria, have hysteria personality.
Hysterical personality is highly emotional, and their emotional response is strong, extremely unstable and changeable. For example, a moment ago, it was all smiles, and in the blink of an eye, it was overcast, and the mood fluctuated, and the change was often only in the blink of an eye. They like to express themselves and are eager to be the protagonists and conspicuous focus of various public activities. They can't tolerate their demands being delayed and full of fantasy, and often intentionally or unintentionally integrate themselves into the realm of fantasy and play a role in it. In a word, hysterical personality gives people the impression that it is superficial, unstable or immature. If you make a simple list, you can have the following characteristics:
(1) Exaggerated expression is like acting, putting on airs and superficial emotional experience.
(2) suggestive and easily influenced by others.
(3) self-centered, forcing others to meet his needs or wishes, and not meeting them will make others embarrassed or strongly dissatisfied.
(4) I am often eager for praise and sympathy, and my mood is easy to fluctuate.
(5) Seek excitement and participate in various social activities too much.
(6) Need the constant attention of others, in order to attract attention, do not hesitate to grandstanding, alarmist, or in appearance and behavior.
Too attractive to others.
(7) Emotional reaction is strong and changeable, and it is completely judged by personal emotions.
(8) words are exaggerated, mixed with fantasy plots, lacking specific and true details, and it is difficult to verify.
Hysteria is a kind of psychological shock, which leads to abnormal phenomena in the body, so it is transformed from psychological pressure to physiological disease. Hysterical symptoms are that some parts of the body, including muscle organs and sensory organs, have lost their functions and can't work normally, such as ears can't hear, eyes can't see, and arms can't move. The loss of this function does not come from physical diseases, on the contrary, it is purely caused by psychological reasons.
Although there is no physiological reason for the patient to explain the symptoms of this loss of function, this symptom is not disguised. Without physiological reason, the patient will really fail, and this symptom is difficult to disguise. Usually, under the condition of great psychological pressure and excessive anxiety, there is no other defense method to confront it, and there will be a conversion reaction. For example, a recruit who has no combat experience or strict training will suddenly feel paralyzed in both feet and unable to walk, or his vision will suddenly disappear and he can't see at all.
Paralysis and loss of sensation are common symptoms of hysteria. Many patients will have local paralysis and lose the feeling of pain. However, in many cases, the loss of function is limited to certain situations. For example, blindness only occurs at night, or it only occurs during high tension, and quadriplegia only occurs in direct contact with the enemy.
The cause of disease
1. Mental factors. Anger, injustice, fear, anxiety or other kinds of inner pain caused by self-esteem injury, personal humiliation or family discord, marital dissatisfaction, interpersonal disputes and other intractable contradictions may lead to the occurrence of this disease. Patients can get sick directly under the strong emotional reaction caused by the death of their loved ones or other unfortunate accidents. In 18.4% patients, the mental factors are not obvious, which may be related to the patients accepting hints and self-hints in a certain situation.
2. Personality characteristics. Mainly in four aspects: (1) the strength and variability of personality. The patient's mood is positive and vivid, but it is superficial and naive. Emotional reaction is strong, often with exaggeration and drama. Emotional reactions are easily influenced by the environment, from one extreme to the other. The criteria for judging right and wrong are often based on feelings, and it is easy to be emotional about people and things. (2) Very suggestive. Patients are easily influenced by the words, behaviors and attitudes of people around them, and the suggestibility of patients depends on their emotional tendency. If the patient is inclined to this matter or someone's feelings, it is easy to be hinted, and if there is no emotional connection, it is difficult to accept hints. (3) High self-presentation. In other words, patients tend to be self-centered. Patients boast and show themselves excessively, like to show themselves in public, and become the center of attention, such as boasting about their intelligence, ability and talent, many people envy her talent and appearance, how people praise her and so on. But this is not the case. (4) rich fantasies. The patient is particularly imaginative and vivid. Under the strong influence of patients' emotional reaction, it is easy to confuse reality with fantasy, giving people the impression that patients are lying, and even patients themselves are difficult to distinguish.
3. Genetic factors. The occurrence of hysteria may be related to genetic factors. According to Fuzhou, 24% of hysteria patients have a positive family history. According to Ljungberg's statistics, the incidence rates of fathers, brothers and sons of hysteria patients are 65438 0.7%, 2.7% and 4.6% respectively, and the incidence rates of mothers, sisters and daughters are 7.3%, 6.0% and 6.9% respectively. The prevalence rate of all males is 2.4% and that of females is 6.4%. He believes that this discovery supports the argument that hysteria is related to heredity. For some patients, genetic quality seems to play a more important role than mental factors in the pathogenesis. However, whether hysteria is definitely related to heredity still needs to accumulate enough data to explain.
4. Physical factors. Some patients may be nervous and suspicious due to physical factors, such as fever, pain, discomfort, etc., which provides a basis for self-suggestion for the occurrence of hysteria. On the other hand, physical diseases will weaken the functional state of the nervous system, thus promoting hysteria.
Third, clinical manifestations
1. Mental disorder. Mainly manifested in three aspects: (1) emotional outburst. It often happens immediately after mental stimulation, with strong emotional reaction and the characteristics of venting freely. Generally, the duration is not long, and it will gradually calm down in about tens of minutes or 1-2 hours. (2) Consciousness disorder. It can be manifested as lethargy, stupor or ignorance. Some patients answer irrelevant questions, and every answer will be wrong. This is called hysterical pseudodementia. Some patients can answer questions, but the approximate answer is incorrect. This is the so-called Gansey syndrome. Some patients are naive in speech and expression, which is called naive dementia. (3) Mental state, similar to the psychomotor excitement of severe psychosis, without obvious disturbance of consciousness, but with temporary hallucinations or delusions. The duration of the whole course is short, and usually it will calm down within 3-5 days. In addition, there are stage forgetfulness, fugue, dual personality or multiple personality, possession experience and so on.
2. Dyskinesia. It can be manifested as spasm, paralysis, inability to stand, inability to walk, convulsions, dance-like movements or aphonia.
3. Sensory disorder. Can be suddenly blind, manifested as amblyopia, tubular vision or monocular diplopia; Can also be suddenly deaf, there is a lack of physical sensation or allergic areas; Or have the feeling of pharyngeal obstruction, called hysteria ball.
4. Vegetative nerve and visceral dysfunction. It can be manifested as nervous vomiting, hiccup, abdominal pain, frequent urination, urgency, pseudopregnancy and other symptoms.
Four. Diagnostic reference and treatment
It can be summarized as follows: (1) obvious mental factors and strong emotional experience caused by them; (2) The appearance and disappearance of symptoms are closely related to suggestion and self-suggestion; (3) Symptoms are diverse, and mental attacks such as emotional outbursts can have obvious emotional color. In the case of physical dysfunction, no physical symptoms corresponding to clinical symptoms were found; (4) The personality characteristics before illness or the past history of similar attacks can be used for reference.
Psychotherapy is the main treatment of this disease, which can be combined with medicine and physical therapy appropriately. We should establish a good doctor-patient relationship, so that patients have enough knowledge of the disease and strong confidence and determination to cure the disease. For patients with physical symptoms, in addition to using drugs or physical therapy, we should also use language tips. For patients with mental symptoms, antipsychotic drugs can be used, for patients with extreme excitement, intramuscular injection can be used, and patients with anxiety symptoms can use anti-anxiety drugs. In addition, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, direct current or induction therapy can all be used together.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) course of disease and prognosis
The disease is mostly acute, and the course of disease may be different due to different clinical signs. Whether the disease recurs or not depends not only on personal quality and social psychological factors, but also on whether it is treated promptly and correctly after illness. The influence of improper handling or bad suggestion, especially the improper language of medical staff, often increases the obstinacy of the disease and prolongs the course of the disease. Correct treatment, including prompt suggestion treatment, can quickly eliminate symptoms. After remission, patients should be treated with psychotherapy to help them correctly understand the disease and the cause of treatment, and consciously carry out personality transformation to prevent recurrence. The prognosis is generally good, but if the cause is not removed, the treatment is not timely, the treatment is improper, and the prognosis of those with family history of psychosis is poor.
Therefore, hysteria is a pathological state. Saying that someone is hysterical means crazy.
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