Catalog
1.Morphological features
2.Distribution range
3.Planting techniques
4.Tips for buying and selling
5.Nutritional value
Morphological features
Annual herbs, 1-2 m tall; stems terete, sparsely scattered spines. Leaves palmately 3-7-lobed, 10-30 cm in diameter, lobes broad to narrow, margin coarsely toothed and concave, both surfaces sparsely hirsute; petiole 7-15 cm long, hirsute; stipules linear, 7-10 mm long, sparsely hirsute. Flowers solitary between leaf axils, pedicels 1-2 cm long, sparsely hispid; bracteoles 8-10, linear, ca. 1.5 cm long, sparsely hispid; calyx campanulate, longer than bracteoles, densely stellate tomentellate; flowers yellow, purple on inner bases, 5-7 cm in diameter, petals obovate, 4-5 cm long. Capsule cylindric-sinata-shaped, 10-25 cm long, 1-5-2 cm in diam., apically long beaked, sparsely hispid; seeds globose, numerous, 4-5 mm in diam. Seeds globose, numerous, 4-5 mm in diam.
Distribution
Introduced into China in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guangdong. Native to India. It has been widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to its short growth cycle and resistance to dry heat. Cultivated area in Hunan, Hubei and other provinces in China is also very extensive.
Planting techniques
Cultivation season
Huangqiuqiu like warmth, afraid of frost, the entire reproductive period should be arranged in the frost-free period, flowering and fruiting should be in the warm and humid seasons around. Open field cultivation, north and south of more than April-June sowing, July-October harvest. North China is generally sown in mid to late April to May. Northern cold areas commonly used in solariums, plastic greenhouses concentrated seedlings, to be early spring after the late frost, and then planted in the field.
The whole land for the border
Huangqiuqiu taboo crop, also can not be with fruit and vegetable crop, in order to avoid the occurrence of root-knot nematode. It is best to choose root vegetables and leafy vegetables as the previous crop. The soil is deep, fertile and loose, water retention and fertilizer loamy soil is preferable. After the harvest of the pre-winter stubble, deep plowing in a timely manner, per hectare withdrawal of 75,000 kg of rotted stable fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 300 kg, mixed and raked for the border. Open field cultivation is mostly used in two ways: First, the size of the row planting, large rows of 70 cm, small rows of 45 cm, bed width of 200 cm, 4 rows per bed, plant spacing of 40 cm; Second, narrow rows of double rows of planting, rows of 100 cm wide, each row planted in two rows, row spacing of 70 cm, plant spacing of 40 cm, bed furrow width of 50 cm. If planted in a single row on the edge of the field, roadside, riverside, plant spacing 60 cm, 3 plants per hole, ventilation and light, easy to manage.
Fertility cycle
Germination period: sowing to 2 cotyledons spreading for the germination period, about 10-15 days. 25-30 ℃ moderate temperature sowing 4-5 days to germinate out of the soil. Usually open ground direct seedling emergence about 7 days, mulch cover can be 2-4 days ahead of the seedling.
Seedling stage: from the 2 cotyledon leaves spread to the first flower open, it takes about 40-45 days. Generally after the cotyledons are fully expanded, the first true leaf unfolds after 15-25 days. Thereafter, one true leaf occurs every 2-4 days, in which the first two true leaves are rounded. Seedling growth is slow, more so when the ground temperature is too low.
Flowering and fruiting period: from the beginning of the flower to the end of the harvest, it takes about 85-120 days. It takes 50-55 days for the first flower to open after the seedling emerges. The first two flowers from flowering to harvest the number of days required slightly longer. Later, the harvesting time shortens as the temperature rises. Usually about 70 days after sowing can be the first harvest. In the day temperature 28-32 ℃, night temperature 18-20 ℃ moderate temperature after flowering 4 days can be harvested. After flowering and fruiting of okra growth accelerated, growth enhancement, especially at high temperatures faster growth, every 3 days in July that unfolds a true leaf, in September it takes 4-5 days to unfold a true leaf.
Field management
Interplanting, the first interplanting when the heart is broken, between the residual weak seedlings. 2-3 real leaves when the second interplanting, select and retain strong seedlings. 3-4 real leaves when the seedling, each hole to stay a plant.
Mid-tillage weeding and soil cultivation, seedlings out of the ground or planting, the temperature is low, should be continuous mid-tillage 2 times, to improve the ground temperature, to promote the slowing down of seedlings. Before the first flower opened to strengthen the plowing, in order to moderate squatting, in order to facilitate the development of the root system. After flowering and fruiting, plant growth accelerated, every watering after fertilizer should be ploughed, ploughing before sealing the soil, to prevent plant collapse. Summer rainstorms and windy areas, it is best to choose about 1 meter bamboo poles, or branches inserted near the plant to prevent collapse.
Watering and fertilization
Watering, okra requires high air and soil humidity during reproduction. 20 days after sowing the lack of water in the morning and evening artificial irrigation is appropriate. Seedlings can be mechanically sprinkler or furrow irrigation after a little big. The hot summer season is at the peak of the harvest of okra, water demand, high surface temperature, should be in the morning before 9 o'clock, afternoon watering after sunset, to avoid high temperature watering root injury. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent dead seedlings. The entire growing period to keep the soil moist to the extent.
Fertilizer, on the basis of adequate basal fertilizer, should be appropriate fertilizer, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. The first time for the seedling fertilizer, in the seedling, 90-120 kg of urea per hectare. The second time for the seedling fertilizer, seedling or planting after open furrow withdrawal, per hectare of compound fertilizer 225-300 kg. Flowering and fruiting period re-applied a fertilizer, manure diluted 30,000-45,000 kg, or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 300-450 kg. Growth in the late stages, as appropriate, many times a small amount of fertilizer, to prevent early plant failure.
Plant Adjustment
Huangqiuqi plant growth under normal conditions, the main side branches thick, leaf fat, often delayed flowering and fruiting. Can take twisting method, that is, the petiole twisted into a curved sagging, to control the nutrient growth. In the middle and late stages of reproduction, the harvested young fruits below the section of the old leaves removed in a timely manner, not only to improve ventilation and light conditions, reduce nutrient consumption, but also to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Harvesting young fruit timely centering, can promote lateral branch fruit, improve early yield. Harvesting seed fruit timely centering, can promote seed fruit ripening, in order to facilitate seed fullness, improve seed quality.
Shopping tips
Choose the shape of full, straight okra, so that is the excellent okra.
Gently pinch with your hand, feel not hard and a little tough is better quality.
Don't choose too large okra, the smaller it is, the more tender, the length of 5-10 centimeters is the best, it is advisable to buy.
The surface of okra is full of bright, hairy ridges is good, dark and dry color is already old.
Don't pick the fruit body black spots, said okra transportation process is damaged, quality is damaged, more prone to rot.
Don't buy okra that shows signs of insect infestation, as it may have rotted inside.
Nutritional value
Okra is rich in nutrients, the young fruit contains a lot of sticky smooth juice, with a special flavor. Its juice is mixed with pectin, cow's milk polysaccharide and ala-polysaccharide. Its pectin for soluble fiber, in the new concept of modern health care is extremely important. Where regular consumption of it has a healthy stomach and intestines, nourishing the effect of yin and yang. It is determined that each hundred grams of young fruit containing protein 2.5 grams, 0.1 grams of fat, sugar 2.7 grams, cellulose A660 international units. Vitamin B1, 0.2 mg, vitamin B20.06 mg, vitamin 44 mg, calcium 81 mg, phosphorus 63 mg, iron 0.8 mg, is an ideal high-grade green nutritional health care vegetables of the new century.