Morphological features
1. external morphological features: South American white shrimp is also divided into the cephalothorax and abdomen two parts, the shrimp body outer surface of the large transparent chitin crust forming the exoskeleton, often light green, without pattern. Compared with other shrimp, its frontal angle does not exceed the boil head tentacle stalk of the second section, relatively short, boil head tentacles inside and outside the whip as long as, and very short, large tentacles graphite color, dark dark dark heart, footsteps are often chalky, the cephalothorax is short, and the abdominal carapace of the ratio of about 1:3 body long and laterally compressed, slightly pike-shaped, the adult maximum to be up to 23cm long, and the Shenzhou shrimp muddy like.
2. Internal structure features: South American white shrimp and spot prawns and shrimp internal layout of the basic to, most of the organs are concentrated in the head thoracic breast, abdominal muscles are the most developed, the same with the grams of chemical, respiratory, circulatory, secretion, reproduction, neurological and muscular seven systems, but the female shrimp does not have a natriuretic Xiang, is a shrimp species with an open natriuretic Xiang.
Classification and distribution
South American white shrimp belongs to the phylum Arthropoda with gills subphylum, crustaceans, mollusks Orthopoda, Tutelary Orders, swimming suborder, prawns, prawns, shrimp, for the wide salt, wide temperature return to shrimp. Mainly distributed in the north of Peru to Mexico Sanola, Ecuador on both sides of the most. Because of its long nursery period, fast growth, disease resistance, high rate of meat, low nutritional requirements, transport vitality, has become the world's second only to the second largest breeding species of spot prawns, in addition to Ecuador and other areas of Central and South America have a large number of artificial culture, our country's Taiwan, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan's artificial aquaculture is also quite large-scale, the relevant units are transporting brewing in China's South China Sea sea border to carry out the test of increasing the seed exodus.
Ecological habits
South American white shrimp often inhabited in the muddy seabed, daytime knee or lurking in the seabed surface, frequent night hooking, like quiet and afraid of fear of fright, finishing to more than 8cm, nighttime often Tengjun frequent, natural conditions, embryonic discs with the sea currents floating, baby shrimp are often gathered in the estuaries near, and then grow up to the juvenile shrimp, and then, gradually migrate to the near-shore shallow areas, after growing up to 8-9cm, it will be moved to the deep sea up to 72cm deep water, the sea is the most important thing to do. To the deep sea up to 72cm deep in the water. Compliance with the water temperature at 25 ℃ 30 ℃, salinity at 28-34 ‰, pH value in 8.0 ± 0.3, artificial feeding water temperature can be 16 ℃ 35 ℃ (gradual change in the magnitude), salinity at 0.5-40 ‰ (gradual change in the magnitude), pH value between 7.3-8.6. South American white shrimp diet is wide and varied, on the bait protein (especially late in the animal protein) requirements are not high.
In recent years, because the South American white shrimp fresh water aquaculture skills have suffered success, the rapid expansion of its breeding scale, shrimp farming has become the fastest growing species. High yield is certainly accompanied by high risk, many farmers for the first time, not quite understand the South American white shrimp farming skills, imitation of the old experience, encountered a lot of problems. For the problems encountered by farmers, the knot sue our production practice, the following proposals:
A, do a good job in the preparatory work before the release of seedlings
First of all, we should do a good job in the pond pond disinfection work, the time schedule in the release of the seedlings before 15 days or so, per mu of 150kg of raw white ash, 7 days into the water 30cm, at the same time, applying 150kg of bottom fertilizer to fertilize the water quality. Today's seedling farms are generally desalinated to 3 ‰ salinity, shrimp fry best by consolidating the cultivation and fully compliant with the light forever and then put into the pond culture, so the need to accept the pimples net bursting enclosure, generally per mu block by 50m2 standard calculation. Temporary pond salinity should be consistent with the salinity of the nursery, while each ton of salt with 50kg of magnesium sulfate. In order to improve the survival rate can be equipped with responsive oxygenation equipment, every lom2 equipped with a head of air.
2, a one-time release of seedlings should be sufficient to ensure production
Today's South American white shrimp aquaculture survival rate of up to 80% of the general, 10,000 seedlings can produce commercial shrimp 100kg. root cover on the current year's market pre-prediction, the South American white shrimp cloth field price should be in the range of 20 yuan/kg to effectively resolve the market risk, it is necessary to improve the production. When the region before the critical point of profit and loss in the mu output of 100kg or so, so when the mu output of 200kg or more, in order to ensure the ideal return. So when we put the seedling we require mu stocking South American shrimp desalination seedlings from 40,000, even if the survival rate of only 50%, but also to ensure that the response to the yield.
3, gradually desalination, to ensure the survival rate
After the release of seedlings every day to add fresh water 5cm or so, a week after the shrimp fry fully compliant with freshwater aquaculture, and later can be followed by rising temperatures and regularly add water, to the high temperature in summer, to ensure that the transfer of aquaculture water level of 1.5cm or more.
Four, master a reasonable amount of feeding, and regular feeding of antiviral drugs
South American white shrimp farming in the first stage of baiting requirements less and fine, in addition to fertilizing the water quality to ensure that shrimp fry ponds have an abundance of basic bait, it should also be fed the right amount of higher bait (such as shrimp, BP, etc.). After a week of shrimp seedlings to adapt to the environment, to feed the main broken material, it is appropriate to splash the whole pool to ensure that the shrimp seedlings can get plenty of bait. When the specification of the white shrimp to reach 3cm should be fed granular bait, then baiting should be set up in the shallow water around the pool baiting table, in order to observe the feeding situation of the white shrimp. In the specifications to reach 7cm before, feeding 2 times a day (generally 8-9 o'clock in the morning, 4-5 o'clock in the afternoon); specifications to reach 7cm, feeding 3-5 times a day. In order to enhance the South American white shrimp disease resistance. Should be regularly fed efficient, non-leftover drugs, plus allicin, immunopolysaccharide, EZO and so on.
5, equipped with oxygenation measures, and in the summer on a regular basis
When the South American white shrimp mu output of 200kg or more should be equipped with a responsive oxygenation measures, generally every 3 acres equipped with a 1.5kW oxygenator. In the summer and fall growth season, every day at 2:00 a.m. on the boot, the climate can be sweltering early boot, boot time should be maintained at more than 1 hour. When the climate is sunny, make people despise the afternoon boot to hours, to maintain a balanced distribution of dissolved oxygen in the water body.
6, do not change the water frequently, with microbial preparations to regulate the water quality
In the growth season, because of a large number of feeding bait, the water quality deterioration is more serious, the conventional method is to change a lot of water, which requires an abundant source of eternal, and nowadays the water is seriously polluted, it is difficult to guarantee. In practice, we often accept the emblem of biological agents to control water quality, the effect is very ideal. Emblem biological agents to photosynthesis coccobacillus-based, it can effectively differentiate organic matter, reduce the water concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide liquid, to maintain constant water quality, generally per mu (water depth l.5m) dosage of 3-5kg, a month of splashing 2-3 times.
7, fishing should be divided into batches several times to improve production
When the regional South American white shrimp stocked in May, early June, August has been part of the commercial specifications, and at this time the market price is relatively high, can be accepted cage fishing. In actual production, we put the cage at 4 o'clock in the morning, an hour later can be put away. Quantity can be determined in accordance with the sales volume, generally a cage can be collected 5kg or so. Collected South American white shrimp can be put into the net box equipped with oxygenation equipment, the small size of the shrimp into the pool to continue farming, catching large and leaving a small can improve production, to get a better economic benefits.