For diabetics, they know more about how to maintain stable and good blood sugar levels when blood sugar is too high. Especially old diabetics, they can stay calm in the face of high blood sugar. , but what should you do if you encounter hypoglycemia? This one might be a little tricky! Generally speaking, the blood sugar of healthy people will not be lower than 3.9mmol/L (normal people’s blood sugar is hypoglycemia if it is lower than 2.8mmol/L, and diabetic patients are 3.9mmol/L). This is because the organs, tissues, and cells of the human body are Sufficient glucose is needed to have normal physiological functions. If the body's blood sugar is low, the body's regulatory mechanism begins to activate, glucagon secretion increases, liver glycogen decomposes or gluconeogenesis occurs, thereby increasing the glucose content in the blood. , to further increase blood sugar and achieve a balanced effect.

But for those with diabetes, not only will hyperglycemia occur due to abnormal blood sugar regulation, but hypoglycemia is also very easy to occur after abnormal blood sugar regulation. Compared with hyperglycemia, , the control of hypoglycemia may be more difficult and more harmful to the body. Therefore, in addition to avoiding high blood sugar in daily life, people with diabetes must also avoid lowering blood sugar too low.

The definition of hypoglycemia: For diabetic patients, as long as the blood sugar value is lower than 3.9mmol/L, it is called hypoglycemia. For normal people, because their blood sugar regulation mechanism is better, the standard can be relaxed to Lower than 2.8mmol/L.

If hypoglycemia occurs, the seriousness of the patient's problem cannot be judged based on the blood sugar value, but the actual performance or symptoms should be looked at. For example, a patient's blood sugar is 3.0mmol/L, but his or her blood sugar is only 3.0mmol/L. Hungry, cold sweats, and another patient's blood sugar is 3.8mmol/L, but appears dizzy and falls. If urgent treatment is needed, the latter should be given first priority, because everyone has different tolerance to blood sugar, so hypoglycemia Symptoms vary from time to time.

Generally, if a patient suffers from hypoglycemia, he or she will first experience symptoms of autonomic nervous system reaction, such as body trembling, trembling, cold sweat, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, etc.; if the situation continues to be severe, then Symptoms of the central nervous system will appear, which means that the central nervous system begins to lack glucose, such as dizziness, blurred vision, etc. Therefore, if you have the above symptoms and are highly suspected of hypoglycemia, you can use a blood glucose meter to measure it to rule out hypoglycemia.

According to the above explanation, we can see that if an autonomic nervous reaction occurs, it is a mild form of hypoglycemia. At this time, the patient is generally awake and can self-treat. As long as the above symptoms occur Mild symptoms such as hunger, cold sweats, trembling, and rapid heartbeat can be improved by self-supplementing appropriate amounts of sugar; but if severe hypoglycemia, unconsciousness, coma, etc. occur and cannot be treated by yourself, you need to Seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

In addition to some discomfort that may occur when blood sugar is low, there is also a situation where although blood sugar is relatively high, symptoms of hypoglycemia may also occur. What is going on?

For example, because Lao Zhang usually neglects to manage his blood sugar, his blood sugar after meals is very high, sometimes even as high as 20-30mmol/L. On this day, he happened to have relatives and friends with diabetes at home. When relatives and friends heard that Lao Zhang’s blood sugar was so high, they quickly advised him to control his blood sugar to prevent many complications. After hearing this, Lao Zhang was a little worried about the complications. After his relatives and friends left, he injected insulin, but he developed symptoms of hypoglycemia. He tested his blood sugar and found that it was still above 11.1mmol/L. Isn't this high blood sugar? It turns out that when blood sugar suddenly drops from a very high state, the body has no time to adapt to the rapid changes in blood sugar, and abnormal regulation will cause symptoms similar to hypoglycemia. This is called false hypoglycemia.

Therefore, if you find that your blood sugar is still high but you have symptoms of hypoglycemia, it is recommended that people with diabetes try to sit for a while to avoid falling, and then drink some water. This phenomenon should be relieved quickly. It often occurs in people with diabetes who have just started taking medication. This is because the body has adapted to the state of high blood sugar due to inertia in the past. Due to changes in the body's condition due to diet, medication, and the use of insulin, blood sugar suddenly drops. If the body cannot adapt, it will appear. False hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia can easily make people with diabetes feel confused. Why? Because many people with diabetes think that it is normal for them to control their diet, exercise, and take medications. Why do they suddenly suffer from hypoglycemia? In fact, the reason why hypoglycemia occurs is mainly caused by the lack of coordination in the above three aspects, which is also the main reason for hypoglycemia:

1. Dietary reasons

This is the occurrence of hypoglycemia The primary reason is that after all, our blood sugar mainly comes from eating. Generally, if we eat late, irregularly, eat too little, or have large changes in food portions, or if we drink alcohol on an empty stomach without consuming carbohydrates, it will occur. Increased risk of hypoglycemia.

2. Reasons for exercise

Exercise helps control sugar. This is because exercise increases insulin sensitivity and helps utilize glucose in the blood. However, high-intensity exercise will increase the need for muscle to Sugar demand, at this time, there may be a longer-term blood sugar-lowering effect, which can last up to about 24 hours. Therefore, if you perform high-intensity exercise for a long time, it is best to monitor your blood sugar. If it is low, you must Replenish carbohydrates in an appropriate amount after exercise, otherwise hypoglycemia may occur easily.

3. Drug reasons

This situation is relatively easy to explain. The most common one is that the insulin dose is too much, or the insulin dose was originally required to eat, but something happened temporarily or the patient did not eat. Hypoglycemia may occur if you eat too little or take sulfonylurea drugs that stimulate insulin secretion.

4. Pre-diabetes factors

This type of hypoglycemia often occurs in the pre-diabetes stage. Although the pancreatic function may be damaged at this time, the situation is not serious and insulin secretion is reduced. Not much, but there may be abnormalities in the state of insulin secretion, such as delayed secretion. In this case, glucose will reach a peak during a meal, but insulin secretion will not rise, and blood sugar will rise after a meal. But by the time of the next meal, although the blood sugar has dropped, the secretion of insulin is delayed, causing the amount of insulin to rise relatively and the blood sugar to drop further, leading to pre-meal hypoglycemia.

Therefore, if there is no abnormality when you check your fasting blood sugar, but you often experience hypoglycemia before meals, you should be aware that this may be a precursor to diabetes.

Relevant studies have found that if a patient has had severe hypoglycemia in the past, his or her risk of cardiovascular disease will be significantly increased in the future, and may increase the risk of death.

Secondly, hypoglycemia may have an adverse impact on the human brain, leading to impaired cognitive function and further increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease for people with diabetes.

Finally, if people with diabetes have experienced severe hypoglycemia, they will often be worried about drastic changes in blood sugar, and will unconsciously relax their own standards for blood sugar control. Such results will affect the control of diabetes. The effects may lead to high blood sugar, which may lead to complications.

If you can handle it yourself

If the blood sugar is between 2.5-3.9mmol/L, it is recommended to supplement sugar, but the amount should not exceed 15g; if the blood sugar value is lower than 2.5mmol /L, then more sugar should be added, but it should not exceed 30g. Fifteen minutes after ingesting sugar, you can measure the blood sugar level to see if it is above 3.9mmol/L. If not, you should add more appropriately to bring the blood sugar back to above 3.9mmol/L.

If you are unconscious or unable to handle it yourself

If you have glucagon around you, you can ask relatives and friends to directly inject it intramuscularly; if not, relatives and friends can apply honey or syrup to treat hypoglycemia. In the oral cavity of sugar lovers, this promotes mucosal absorption. After this, blood sugar monitoring should be carried out. If it is found that the blood sugar does not rise, the patient should be sent to the hospital for treatment immediately.

In the case of hypoglycemia, glucose or refined sugar should be used directly to supplement sugar, which can quickly raise blood sugar. Avoid choosing high-fiber and high-fat foods, because these foods will delay the digestion of the stomach. Empty, prolong the absorption time of sugar, and will not have the effect of quickly raising blood sugar.

Here we can refer to the sugar content in common foods. A 500ml bottle of Coke contains about 50g of sugar; 3 sugar cubes are equal to 15g of sugar; 150ml of fruit juice generally contains about 15g of sugar.

If you want to prevent hypoglycemia, you can’t just rely on diet, but you must also combine exercise and medicine to coordinate these three aspects. If blood sugar is unstable, you need to monitor blood sugar more often, so that you can Understand your own blood sugar situation and changes in blood sugar, and you can improve it through appropriate diet, medication adjustment and other aspects. More importantly, you can understand the cause of hypoglycemia through blood sugar monitoring to avoid it happening again next time.

1. Diet

Three meals a day should be eaten regularly and quantitatively, so that not only blood sugar can be stabilized, but also hypoglycemia can be avoided. If you often suffer from hypoglycemia, or if you have to go out or exercise, try to bring some small snacks with you in case of emergencies.

To adjust the situation of hypoglycemia, if you need to eat to supplement, you should first understand the actual value of blood sugar. This requires blood sugar monitoring at any time. Do you need to eat something, what food to eat, and how much to eat. Measure blood sugar first and confirm what the value is before making a decision. This can ensure that hypoglycemia is alleviated and blood sugar does not exceed the standard.

2. In terms of exercise

For daily exercise, control sugar through moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, jogging, etc. This kind of exercise should be controlled within 1 hour. Generally, more than 30 minutes a day is enough; if you need to do high-intensity exercise or long-term exercise, such as hiking, shopping with your girlfriend, etc., it is best to measure your blood sugar first. If your blood sugar is not high to begin with, try your best to Bring small snacks with you so that you can replenish them if symptoms of hypoglycemia occur.

3. Drugs

If you take drugs such as metformin that do not stimulate insulin secretion, you generally do not need to worry about hypoglycemia. However, if you take sulfonylureas that stimulate pancreatic secretion Insulin drugs should be taken seriously. In addition, people with diabetes who inject insulin should also pay more attention. It is best to measure blood sugar before injection. Eat as soon as possible after injection to avoid a rapid drop in blood sugar and choose the appropriate dose. In addition, if hypoglycemia occurs once in a while, you should not adjust your medication or stop taking it. If you have hypoglycemia 2-3 times in a week, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible to adjust your medication.