chapter 2: recorded the living conditions of the wasp, which operated on the yellow cutworm larvae, in the barren stone garden.
chapter 3: recorded the parasitic behaviors and eating patterns of stonebees, wasps and wasps.
chapter 4: recorded the predation and nesting characteristics of longicorn bees, leaf-cutting bees, fat-picking bees and longicorn beetles driven by instinct.
Chapter 5: It records the hexagonal honeycomb built by wasps, and how accurate its calculation is in accordance with geometry.
Chapter 6: Recorded the images of tarantulas, web spiders, scorpions and other insects making unremitting efforts to survive.
chapter 7: recorded the marriage customs and spawning knowledge of insects such as golden beetle, pine gill scarab, swamp iris, firefly and so on, and introduced them in detail.
chapter 8: recorded the habits of insects such as fragrant tree aphid, bee aphid fly, ribbon spider and so on.
Chapter 9: Prove that human beings do not exist in isolation. All life on the earth is in the same closely linked system, and insects are an indispensable link in the biological chain of the earth.
Chapter 1: Reveals the deep affection of these insects to their lovers and children, and writes love poems in the insect world in vivid and plain language.
Extended information
Introduction to the article:
Entomology is a long biological work written by Jean-Henri casimir Fabres, a French entomologist and writer. It is an insect biological work that summarizes the species, characteristics, habits and marriage habits of insects, records the real life of insects, expresses the spirituality of insects in their struggle for survival, and also records the motivation and motivation of Fabres's obsession with insect research.
The author combines the colorful life of insects with his own life feelings, and treats insects with humanity, revealing the author's respect and love for life between the lines.
Writing background:
At the age of 31, Fabres received a doctorate in natural science. During this period, he has successively created a series of biological works such as Plants and Uncle Paul's Talk on Pests.
in p>1854, Fabres published his observation of the Arthropoda in the French Yearbook of Natural Science. Three years later, he published his research results on the metamorphosis of Coleoptera, which impressed his peers with its fine academic quality and great theoretical significance. In 1879, the first volume of Entomology, which he compiled for more than 2 years, finally came out.
in p>188, Fabres bought an old house with the money he had saved, and he used the local Provencal language to give this house an nickname-Waste Stone Garden. Year after year, Fabres wore a farmer's woolen coat, with a sharp pick and a flat shovel to dig and dig, and a paradise of insects was built. He wrote the fruits of his labor into volume after volume of Insects. It was not until 197 that the tenth volume of Insects came out.
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The contents of each chapter of Insect Notes are summarized in 5 words
1. Volume 1 was published in 1878. In this volume, Fabres recorded a series of COLEOPTERA and HYMENOPTERA insects such as scarabs pushing dung balls, mud bees preying on chalcophora japonica and yellow-winged migratory locust mud bees in plain and humorous language, and explained them through various experiments. ? 2. In Volume 2, Fabres turned the insect world into a beautiful article for human beings to gain knowledge, interest, beauty and thoughts, and recorded the living conditions of a series of Hymenoptera insects in the barren stone garden, such as the sand wasp who operated on the yellow cutworm larvae, the stone bee who worked hard to build its nest and reproduce, and the west cucumber. Through various experiments, he explained their little-known sensory performance and psychological activities ... just like a beautiful picture depicting the secret garden of insects. ? 3. In Volume 3, with careful and original observation, Fabres explored the living habits and parasitic behaviors of parasitic bees such as stonebees, wasps and wasps, as well as the ways of eating and laying eggs of various insects. The language was plain, beautiful, vivid and interesting, and it was like a trickle. ? 4. In Volume 4, through repeated observation and experiments, Fabres showed us the characteristics of predation and nesting of insects such as long-bellied bees, leaf-cutting bees, fat-picking bees and longicorn beetles driven by instinct, and cracked the The Secret Behind hidden in insect instinct. ? 5. In Volume 5, Fabres focused his attention on COLEOPTERA, HOMOPTERA and mantodea insects. Through the observation of beetles, scarabs, dung beetles, cicadas and mantises, he revealed to us their deep affection for their lovers and children, and wrote love poems in the insect world in vivid and plain language. ? Volume 6 Fabres made a detailed observation on the nesting habits of insects and recorded the hexagonal beehives built by wasps, as well as the geometric accuracy of its calculation! In addition, Fabres also studied the habits of insects, such as fragrant tree aphid, bee aphid fly, ribbon web spider, Nabona tarantula, etc. These midges are all natural and outstanding geometric masters. ? 7. In Volume 7, Fabres combines professional knowledge with life perception, and describes the life habits of insects such as insects, beetles, beetles, stone moths and moths with his own objective and unique eyes. The lines are filled with the author's respect and love for life, just like a beautiful picture depicting the secret garden of insects. ? In Volume 8, Fabres made a detailed observation on the nesting habits of insects, and recorded the hexagonal beehives built by wasps, as well as the geometric precision of its calculation! In addition, Fabres also studied the habits of insects, such as sweet tree aphid, bee aphid fly, ribbon web spider, Nabona tarantula, etc. These insects are natural and outstanding geometric masters. ? In Volume 9, Fabres showed us the pictures of tarantulas, spider spiders and scorpions making unremitting efforts to survive, proving that human beings do not exist in isolation, all life on the earth is in the same closely linked system, and insects are also an indispensable link in the biological chain of the earth, and their lives should also be respected. ? In Volume 1, Fabres made a detailed observation and record on the eating habits of vegetarian insects, and explored the reasons why every insect who came to the vegetarian banquet loved his own exclusive plants. In addition, he also introduced the marriage customs and spawning knowledge of insects such as golden beetle, pine gill beetle, swamp iris elephant and firefly in detail.
Extended information: Entomology is divided into ten volumes, each volume is divided into 17~25 chapters, each chapter describes the life of one or several insects in detail and deeply, and at the same time, it includes some biographical articles about experiences and memories. In this book, the author describes that small insects abide by natural rules and make unremitting efforts for survival and reproduction. Based on his life-long experience and achievements in insect research, the author focuses on the external morphology and biological habits of insects he observed and studied, and truly records the instincts, habits, labor and death of several common insects. In addition, this book not only records Fabres's research achievements in detail, but also records the motivation, life ambition, knowledge background and living conditions of Fabres's obsession with insect research, especially Alma Lab, Atavism, My School, Pond, Mathematical Memories: Newton Binomial, Childhood Memories, An Unforgettable Lesson and Industrial Chemistry. If we look at it from another perspective, we might as well regard Insect as Fabres's autobiography, a very peculiar autobiography. Insects are only evidence of his research experience and circumstantial materials of his biography.
Resources: Baidu Encyclopedia: Entomology
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What are the main contents of each chapter of Entomology?
1. The fable of cicada and ant tells that many animals are preparing for the winter before the coming of winter. The cicada, who has been lazy, not only fails to prepare for the winter, but also jokes about the stupidity of ants and other animals who are storing food for the winter. But when the cold winter really comes, other animals survive the winter safely. However, the lazy cicada was buried by heavy snow when looking for food on a snowy day. 2. Cicada and ants and cicadas had an autumn rain. When the sun came out, the ant brothers began to prepare food for the winter. They came under the tree, collected the fallen fruits, put them neatly under the tree and dried them, and then transported them home bit by bit. 3. After the grub [that is, the larva of the cicada] breaks through the shell and leaves the fibrous branches, wait until the tentacles can swing freely. The legs are stronger, they can stretch freely, and the claws in front can also stretch. Then they shook and fell. They were smart. When they were in the tree, they found the place where they fell. Finally, when they found the place, they immediately started working without delay. 4. When the mantis preys on prey and moves within the range of mantis preys, mantis will react. First, turn your head in the direction of the prey and keep a close eye on the prey. After that, the front feet (claws) are tightened, the center of gravity moves backward, and the line of sight does not leave the prey. When the time is right, the mantis will catch its prey at an extremely fast speed, stab its claws into its body, hold it tightly, and eat it. 5. The life of the grey locust locust begins with the fertilized egg. Larvae just hatched from eggs have no wings and can jump, which is called jumping bug. The shape and living habits of the flea are similar to those of adults, but the body is smaller and the reproductive organs are not mature, so it is also called nymph. If the insect grows up gradually, when it is restricted by the exoskeleton and can no longer grow up, it will take off its original exoskeleton, which is called molting. 6. The green grasshopper attacked early in the morning while the cicada was resting in the high part of the tree. The attacked cicada was suddenly startled, and then the attacker and the attacked one twisted into a ball and fell down. 7, Languedoc scorpion languedoc scorpion, this arthropod habit covered with mysterious color. It has a six-section body at its tail end, and its surface is smooth and bubble-shaped. It is a small gourd for making and storing poison. The scorpion looks like water, but it is extremely toxic, and the terminal of the poison cavity is a curved needle, dark and sharp. There is a small pore on the tip of the needle, from which the venom flows into the stung body. Languedoc scorpions are also very interesting when mating. 8. In the metal cage of the vertebral mantis, the posture of the larvae of the vertebral mantis remains the same after stopping in one place. It hooks the net with the tips of four hind paws, with its back facing down and motionless, hanging high on the top of the cage, and the four suspension points bear the weight of the whole body. The upside-down posture is so difficult, but the upside-down posture of flies is quite different. Although the fly also hangs on the ceiling, it always takes time to relax, fly casually, take a walk in a normal posture, stick its belly to the ground and spread its limbs in the sun. 9. Striped Spider and Mercerized Spider Among the six kinds of circular spiders, only two usually rest in the center of the web, that is, striped spider and mercerized spider. Even if they are anxious by the scorching sun, they will never leave the net easily to rest in the shade for a while. As for other spiders, they all don't appear during the day. Their own way is to work and rest, and there is a hidden place not far from their net, which is made of leaves and threads. During the day, they hide in it, quietly, and let themselves be deeply lost in thought. 1. Coleoptera Their bodies are bulging, like half peas, and their coleopters are smooth or fluffy. Usually, black coleopters have red or yellow stripes, or red and yellow coleopters have black stripes, but some ladybugs have yellow, red or brown coleopters without spots. These bright colors are used for warning and can scare off natural enemies. 11. Common cicadas like to lay their eggs on dry branches. It chooses the smallest branch, and most branches are as big as the grass and pencil. These twigs rarely hang down, but usually tilt up, and they are almost dead. The cicada found a suitable twig and stabbed it with a sharp tool in the chest, which seemed to be stabbed obliquely with a needle. A dead branch is often pierced into thirty or forty holes. Its eggs are laid in these small holes, and usually about ten eggs are laid in each small hole, with a total of about three hundred or four hundred. 12, cicada's eggs When spring comes, as long as you have a pair of eyes, you can see everything in the world clearly. People can find a strange little thing on dilapidated walls and dusty roads, or on those empty lands. It's a small bundle of firewood. For some reason, it can move freely on its own and hop forward. The inanimate thing has become a living thing, and the immobile thing can actually beat. What the hell is going on here? 13. Woodsawbees We know that many bees, like woodsawbees, can't build nests themselves, but only use nests left or abandoned by other animals as their shelter. Some bees will live in the former residence of mason bees, some will live in the tunnels of earthworms or the empty shells of snails, some will occupy the branches once occupied by mining bees, and some will move into the sand pits once lived by digging bees.