Thesis on food nutrition and diet therapy:

Title of thesis: Food nutrition and safety

Abstract of thesis:

People regard food as their first priority. Food safety is the first priority. Food nutrition and safety are major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, national security and social stability. Nutritionally safe food is an important material basis for improving national physical strength and intelligence, preventing the occurrence of diet-related diseases, and ensuring people's health. Popularizing food nutrition and safety knowledge is one of the important tasks to improve the scientific and cultural literacy of the entire population.

Keywords: food nutrition, food safety

Text:

With the development of food production and processing industry, the supply of food market is constantly enriched, and the products are dazzling. The food consumption of most residents is changing from the traditional subsistence type to the well-off type. While people choose to enjoy a variety of delicious foods to obtain nutrients, they also pay more attention to the nutrition and safety of food.

Alarm bells regarding food nutrition and safety are constantly ringing. Our "Anhui Fuyang fake (poisoned) milk powder", "Sudan Red No. 1", "Malachite Green", "bird flu", "mad cow disease" and other video safety incidents that have ravaged the world have attracted widespread public attention.

my country’s residents still face the dual challenges of nutritional deficiencies and overnutrition. On the one hand, the diseases of civilization caused by unbalanced dietary nutrition and overnutrition pose a serious threat to people's health; on the other hand, nutritional deficiencies caused by some unreasonable eating habits also affect people's health and life safety.

The new connotation of "disease enters through the mouth". "Diseases enter through the mouth" should be comprehensively understood from the two aspects of food safety and reasonable nutrition. On the one hand, "diseases come from the mouth" not only means that unsafety is an important intermediary for infectious diseases and food poisoning; on the other hand, it also includes the harm to the body caused by improper intake of normal food by humans. The former situation is mostly an acute reaction, which easily attracts people's attention. It is also the main reason why most people have doubts about food safety and even panic because they do not know the truth. In the latter situation, although the food ingested is non-toxic and harmless, it is safe. Food, but unreasonable dietary and nutritional combinations often lead to a variety of chronic diseases, especially the main cause of many modern civilization diseases. Because chronic diseases do not have obvious symptoms in the short term, they are often ignored by people.

According to the survey, a considerable number of food consumers in my country know very little about food nutrition and safety, and mostly rely on sensory indicators, price, and brand as the basis for selection. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen basic and applied research on food nutrition and safety, establish and improve corresponding regulations and standards, strengthen the management of food operations and production areas, and especially popularize the knowledge of food nutrition and safety.

However, among the various quality indicators of food, food nutrition and safety are the most important.

Food nutrition is the main purpose and starting point for people to choose consumer products, while food safety is the basis and guarantee for realizing food nutrition. Food nutrition and safety are closely and inseparable. In the long-term competition for survival, human beings continue to choose nutritious and safe food from the environment. The specialization of modern society has brought new challenges to video safety. At the same time, with the development of social economy, People's lifestyles are changing, and the problem of nutritional imbalance has become more prominent. Food nutrition and safety issues should be considered from the aspects of nutrition, safety, and physical and mental health.

Food nutrition

Food nutrition refers to the normal physiological processes in which the human body ingests, digests, absorbs and utilizes nutrients in the human body to maintain the body's growth and development, tissue renewal and good health. The overall process is the process in which the human body takes in and realizes nutrition.

Normal physiological processes of the human body require certain nutrients. Each nutrient must meet certain intake requirements and be properly matched to meet the body's energy supply, tissue construction and renewal, and physiological regulation. need. So far, there are more than 40 kinds of nutrients known to humans. It is generally divided into six categories: protein, carbohydrates, lipids, water, minerals and vitamins. In addition to the above recognized six major nutrients, dietary fiber is now regarded as the seventh major nutrient for humans.

Protein

Protein is the basis of all life activities. It is a nitrogen-containing macromolecule composed of amino acids as basic units. After the protein in food is broken down in the intestines, it is mainly absorbed and utilized in the form of amino acids for the body to synthesize various proteins. Protein has a very close connection with the growth, development and health of the human body. The inferior milk powder incident that occurred in Fuyang, Anhui Province in 2004 sounded the alarm on protein nutrition safety issues.

Protein is an important component of human tissues and organs and plays an important role in maintaining structure and performing functions. It is an important physiologically active substance in the body, such as: catalytic proteins-enzymes, which are important catalysts for the decomposition and synthesis of all substances in the body; hemoglobin, which has transport and movement functions, transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide needed for metabolism in human cells. input and output. In addition, protein also plays a role in maintaining biomembrane functions, providing immune protection, supplying energy, and converting it into other substances in the body.

So, we should consume an appropriate amount of protein to maintain good health.

Lipids

When talking about lipids, many people will "talk about fat discoloration" and think of obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other fat-related diseases. In fact, lipids are indispensable nutrients in the human body and important raw materials for food processing. Of course, long-term excessive intake of fat can also cause a variety of chronic diseases, which should attract people's attention.

Lipids can store and supply energy to the body. They are an important component of biological membranes and the body. They can supply essential fatty acids, synthesize hormones and endocrine functions. They have insulation and protective effects. They can dissolve fats, soften and promote digestion. absorb.

Lipids play an important role in human nutrition and are an indispensable part of human dietary structure. Therefore, we should consume lipids in a reasonable and appropriate amount.

Carbohydrates and Dietary Fiber

Carbohydrates, also known as carbohydrates, are the most widely distributed and abundant organic matter in nature, and are also one of the most important and economical nutrients for humans. one.

The relationship between dietary fiber and human health has attracted widespread attention from nutritionists, who regard dietary fiber as the seventh largest nutrient for humans.

The function of dietary fiber cannot be underestimated: dietary fiber can enhance intestinal function

, relieve constipation and prevent cancer; it can lower blood sugar and blood cholesterol, and assist in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; it can reduce material energy density, control weight and lose weight; as a "prebiotic source", it can promote the growth and reproduction of probiotics in the digestive tract; of course, dietary fiber also has certain effects and side effects on the absorption of nutrients, such as: dietary fiber Excessive fiber intake will reduce the absorption rate of nutrients.

So from a nutritional perspective, grains should not be over-processed to prevent the loss of dietary fiber and multivitamins.

As for diabetics, in addition to controlling the total amount of sugar, it is particularly important to control the type of sugar in diabetes. In principle, you should choose more sugars with a low glycemic index, such as foods rich in polysaccharides and dietary fiber.

Water and minerals

They are both important components of the human body. Water is an important substance for human survival and an important basic component of human diet. Minerals, as important components of the human body and regulators of various metabolisms, cannot be synthesized within the body and can only come from food. Although the content is not high, there are many types and they are a major category of nutrients that are indispensable in life.

Water can promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulate, lubricate, and protect. It is necessary to maintain life, maintain the shape of body cells, and form various body fluids.

With the improvement of people’s living standards, bottled drinking water in households is becoming more and more common. It should be noted that the time for household use should not be too long, otherwise, some air may enter the container, causing microorganisms to grow and the water quality to deteriorate. In addition, water containers should be rinsed regularly, and drinking water safety should be paid attention to at all times.

Minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, etc., constitute important components of human tissues; can form components of hormones, vitamins, proteins and various enzymes; maintain normal penetration of tissues into body fluids Balances with acid-base; can maintain nerve and muscle excitability.

Vitamins

Vitamins are not only essential nutrients for the treatment of vitamin deficiency diseases, but also have health care functions in preventing and treating a variety of chronic and degenerative diseases.

Vitamin maintains normal physiological functions by maintaining or participating in mediating metabolism, so the daily physiological demand of the human body is very small, but it is essential. Long-term insufficiency or deficiency of vitamins in the human body can cause vitamin Deficiency or vitamin insufficiency. Since the physiological optimal amount of vitamins is low, and the optimal amount in the body is close to the measurement advantage, excessive intake of vitamins may lead to poisoning, such as: vitamin D deficiency leads to reduced intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, renal tubular The absorption of calcium and phosphorus is reduced, affecting bone calcification, causing abnormal mineralization of bones and teeth. Rickets, osteomalacia and porosis, spasticity of the hands and feet.

Pay attention to the appropriate intake of minerals to maintain a healthy body.

Food Safety

Food safety studies the types, quantities and properties of harmful factors that may be present in food, their degree of contamination of food and their impact on human health, as well as the impact of these factors The sources, occurrence, development and control rules of food are an important basis for taking relevant safety prevention and control measures in food production, processing, storage, transportation, circulation and purchase and consumption.

Human food is of various types and colors. With the continuous development of new

video resources, the variety of food continues to increase, the scale of production expands, processing, storage, and transportation With the increase in processes and the diversification of consumption patterns, food safety factors have become more complex. Different types of food face different safety issues, which can be expressed in various forms, mainly including the following aspects. :

(1) Natural pollution such as microorganisms, parasites, and biotoxins

(2) Pollution from harmful chemical substances in the environment

(3) Pesticides and Veterinary drug residues

(4) Food additives

(5) Toxic and harmful substances naturally occurring in food

(6) Food processing, storage and transportation processes

(7) Nutritional imbalance and nutritional deficiencies

(8) Food allergies

(9) New foods and others

This , we must attach great importance to the improvement and perfection of the food safety legal system as a strategic task and basic work. At the same time, we must effectively protect our country's food safety and establish and improve our country's food safety guarantee mechanism as soon as possible. It is particularly important to strengthen basic and applied research on food nutrition and safety, establish and improve corresponding regulations and standards, strengthen the management of food operations and production areas, and especially popularize knowledge about food nutrition and safety.