Cultivation techniques of zedoary turmeric: site selection and soil preparation
Curcuma zedoary has strict requirements on ecological environment and is suitable for narrow planting areas. The soil is loam or sandy loam, with deep soil layer, good drainage, loose and fertile upper layer and tight lower layer, which is not suitable for planting in waterlogged depressions. Alluvial soil and sandy soil with abundant sunshine, moist soil and good fertility should be selected for wenyujin, and clay should not be planted. The soil requires the upper layer to be loose and the lower layer to be tight, so as to avoid the root system from penetrating too deeply and inconvenient excavation. The vegetable garden is fertile and loose, so it is more suitable to choose this kind of land for planting. Secondly, wheat fields can also be planted.
After the land is selected, 3000 ~ 4000 kg of decomposed manure or compost and 40 ~ 50 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. Plowing for 25-30cm, intensively ploughing and leveling, and making a ridge with a width of 1.3- 1.5m, a height of 20-30cm and a width of 40cm; Or make it into a small high frame with a height of 15cm and a width of 60cm, and the width of the frame groove is about 30cm. Intercropping zedoary and corn fields, without extra soil preparation, when planting in fallow land and wheat stubble land, the cultivated land is 27-33 cm in early April or after harvest, and the furrow is flat, with a width of 1.3- 1.65 m, a height of 40-47 cm and a height of 30-33 cm.
Curcuma wenyujin (Curcuma wenyujin) is not suitable for deep tillage and continuous cropping. Previous crops were mostly taro, carrot, rape, potato, angelica dahurica, barley and wheat. Generally, dig 20 ~ 27 cm, and then dig again, so that the surface soil is loose and the lower layer is tight, so as not to drill out turmeric for harvesting. Borders are divided into narrow borders and wide borders: the width of narrow borders is 67 cm, and the type is 1 line; Wide border width 1 m, planting two rows. The ditches are all about 33 cm wide and 20 cm deep, and the sides are flat and flat, which is beneficial to drainage.
breeding method
Selection of rhizome: when harvesting in winter, choose healthy and full new rhizome of that year as seed storage. Before planting, take out the seeds, plant them in the sun for 1 ~ 2 days, remove the fibrous roots and divide them into sizes. Slice large blocks vertically, each block has 1 ~ 2 buds. Air-dry slightly after cutting to heal the wound, or smear the wound with plant ash.
Planting period: The planting period varies with varieties and regions. Curcuma wenyujin (Curcuma aromatica) is in the first half of April, and Curcuma zedoary is suitable in the second half of May to June.
Planting method: 30 cm between rows, whole border planting? Dig holes 6 ~ 9 cm deep at 20 ~ 25 cm, put 1 root big rhizome and 2 small rhizomes in each hole, and plant the bud head upward into the hole. After planting, cover the soil with 6 cm slightly, and use about 100 kg of seed rhizome per mu. In addition, in order to improve land efficiency, the main producing areas often adopt the way of intercropping corn and soybean. Corn and soybean can be planted in ditches or ditches at the end of March and the beginning of April, and the row spacing should be appropriately increased. In the middle and late June, interplant Zedoary Curcuma Rhizome between rows of corn with a row spacing of 33 cm, and dig holes with a depth of 7 cm in a triangular arrangement, with 5 seeds in each hole, with 65,438+0 corners and 65,438+0 in the middle, with buds facing upwards and covered with fine soil or compost. The old man is the root of the mother species for the first time; The big head is a rhizome born on the old man; The second head is a rhizome born on the big head; Three heads are roots born on two heads; * *, little * * and so on. Everything can be used except that the old people can't sow. However, planting big-headed seeds requires a large amount and costs a lot; Small * * small, weak growth. Therefore, these two types are not used as seeds in production. Generally, two or three heads with strong buds and short shapes should be selected as seeds, and the shorter the rhizome used as seeds, the better. Planting before and after Qingming. Narrow row spacing of 33 cm, single row planting; The wide beds are 50 cm apart and planted in two rows with triangular holes. The hole size is17 ~ 20cm and the depth is 7 ~10cm. The bottom of the hole should be flat. Don't be too deep and sharp at the bottom, the roots are too deep, the labor intensity is high, and it is not easy to collect. Put a bud obliquely in each hole, with the bud facing up. Cover 3 ~ 7 cm with soil. Rhizome per mu125 ~150kg.
Field management, weeding and irrigation of Rhizoma Curcumae: keep the soil moist before emergence, irrigate the ditch in time in case of drought after emergence, and loosen the soil and weed in time according to the weed situation after watering. Shallow hoeing should be done at seedling stage to keep the soil moist, loose and free of weeds. There is more water demand in the middle and late stage, so water it in time in case of drought. Pay attention to timely drainage and flood prevention in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots.
After planting Curcuma wenyujin, loosen the soil and weed for 3 ~ 4 times all the year round, and cooperate with fertilization. After all the seedlings are planted, loosen the soil for weeding once, loosen the soil once every half month, and stop after harvesting. Generally speaking, the growth period of Wenyujin should be wet, especially in the peak growth period from July to September, which requires more water. When there is drought, irrigation should be used to fight drought. Irrigation should be done in the morning or at night. After 10, irrigation is generally stopped and the field is kept dry, which is beneficial to harvest.
Fertilization: During the growth period of Curcuma zedoary, topdressing is 2-3 times a year, and the first time is 1 time at the seedling stage. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, topdressing human and animal manure 1000 kg, ammonium sulfate 8- 10 kg and calcium superphosphate 30-50 kg per mu can promote the growth and development of roots and leaves. After 40 ~ 50 days, the second topdressing, applying human and animal manure 1500 kg, plant ash 100 ~ 200 kg per mu, to promote root swelling. After 30-40 days, topdressing is carried out for the third time, and 1000 ~ 1500 kg of human and animal manure and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied per mu to prolong the life of leaves, maintain photosynthesis of leaves and accelerate the accumulation of organic matter in root tubers.
Curcuma wenyujin (Curcuma wenyujin) has strong fertility and requires a large amount of fertilizer, so it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is burnt marl and decomposed column fertilizer, which is applied when planting. The method is to put the rhizome into the planting hole, and cover each mu with dozens of tons of burnt mud ash, and then cover each mu with 1500 ~ 2500 kg of manure. Top dressing 3 times a year. The first 1 time is applied after all seedlings are sown from late May to early June, and manure 1500kg and chicken house garbage 7.5 ~ 10kg of ammonium sulfate are applied per mu. Combined with weeding and loosening the soil, manure was applied next to the plants, and the furrows were raised to 7 cm thick. In the second time in late July, human excrement and urine 1500 kg and calcium superphosphate 25 kg were applied per mu; For the third time, at the end of August, apply human excrement and urine 1.500 kg and plant ash 100 ~ 150 kg per mu. Ridge after application, the soil thickness is 7 ~ 65,438+00 cm.
Intercropping: After planting Curcuma wenyujin (Curcuma wenyujin), there is a big gap. In order to make full use of the land, corn, beans and other crops can be intercropped, and intercropping crops should harvest in the middle and late July, which will not affect the growth of wenyujin. If corn is planted, it is best to plant early corn on both sides of the border and plant 1 corn every three holes, which has little effect on Wenyujin.
Collection and processing of zedoary turmeric: In the middle and late February of 12, when the overground part withers, the roots are dug, the soil in the roots is removed, washed, steamed or boiled in a pot for about 15 minutes, dried or dried, and the fibrous roots are removed. You can also soak the rhizome in clear water, scoop it up and drain it, fully moisten it, cut it into thin slices, and dry it in the sun or oven. At the time of harvesting, two heads, three heads and * * which are robust, short and thick, disease-free and scar-free, are selected from the rhizomes for use as seeds, and rootstocks without buds are removed. If it is suitable for sunlight, it can be stacked under the sunny eaves, with a height of about 0.7 ~ 1 m, covering the leaves, stems or straws of Radix Curcumae. When the weather is cold, mud should be piled up to keep warm and prevent freezing.
Storage: packed in baskets, baskets or sacks, and placed in a ventilated and dry place to prevent insects from eating. You can smoke with sulfur in summer to prevent moths. Curcumae Rhizoma with vinegar and Curcumae Rhizoma with wine are sealed in a cool and dry place.
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