Roses like sunshine, are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant.
The soil requirement is not strict, but it grows well in fertile neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage. Roses flourish and are easy to manage.
In spring, dilute human and animal urine is poured around the roots, in summer, attention is paid to watering and drainage, and some fertilizers are applied around the roots in autumn. Propagation is mainly carried out by dividing plants, which can be carried out before germination in March or after defoliation in autumn. The rootstock of layering method or grafting method can be Chinese rose or Chinese rose.
The survival rate of cutting is not high, and it is only used occasionally. Single rose can also be planted and propagated in spring or autumn.
Selection method of good seedlings: among Chinese rose seedlings, there are "big seedlings" listed in winter and "new seedlings" only available in spring. For beginners, it will not fail to plant from big seedlings, so "big seedlings" are recommended to beginners. Make sure the following points when buying big seedlings: 1, 2-3 branches thicker than pencils.
2. The color of the branches should be slightly brown and shiny. 3, try to touch the branches, to feel strong.
4. Branches and roots are not infected with diseases. Avoid the following flower seedlings: all young twigs, flowers with dull green branches, flowers with loose and soft feelings in the middle.
In addition, flower roots can be infected with diseases. It is also important to carefully confirm whether there is tumor in the root, complete the label and clearly indicate the variety name. Cultivation place: Roses like a cool and sunny environment, and they need at least 6 hours of sunshine every day to produce good quality flowers. Its suitable growth temperature is 15-25℃, which is too high for the growth of roses. Besides, good ventilation is also important. The hot, humid and poorly ventilated environment is easy to make rose plants suffer from various diseases, such as black spot and powdery mildew.
At present, there are generally two kinds of cultivation places: gardens and balconies. Gardens are generally planted in sunny places, with at least 2-5 hours of sunshine throughout the morning; Choose a place with good drainage and ventilation; Mix thoroughly with humus or compost before transplanting.
Balcony generally takes effective drying measures; Lay curtains, don't put the flowerpot directly on the concrete; In order to prevent the drainage ditch from blocking or leaking, we should also consider living nearby; Leave it in a sunny place for 2-5 hours in the morning. Soil: The soil suitable for the growth of roses must have three main points: looseness, good ventilation and good drainage.
Potted soil can be made of sandy loam, snake sawdust and vermiculite, while roses cultivated in the open field must be planted where there is no water, and the soil should be turned loose before planting. For garden planting, in order to improve the state of garden soil during transplanting, some transplanted places are dug to remove bad soil, and ruby, humus soil, dried cow dung and other substances with granular structure are mixed in the dug places.
In places where roses have been planted before, transplanting new roses may worsen the growth and development of roses. In this case, new soil should be replaced. The flowerpot should be planted with red soil mixed with humus and dried cow dung. The proportion of mixed soil is as follows: red loam 60%, humus 20% and dry cow dung 20%. It is easy to use commercially available rose culture soil.
You can also use it directly. In order to further improve courage and drainage, if water conservation is mixed with 20-30% ruby soil, the soil can be used to achieve the best state. Seedling transplantation: it can be divided into garden transplantation and planting box (flowerpot) transplantation. The key point of garden transplanting is that the flower roots spread evenly around.
In addition, when transplanting, never fertilize the soil. After transplanting, the plants should be fully watered, and before the roots are firmly rooted, columns should be erected to support the plants.
Preparation supplies include buckets, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, posts, strings, name tags, small shovels, humus (or compost), shovels, etc. The main steps are as follows: 1. Remove the film covering the roots.
The flower roots are protected by protective materials, such as sphagnum or peat. 2. Carefully remove the protective materials and soil, and perform the operation under the condition of carefully confirming that there is no tumor at the root.
Trim about 1/3 of the roots. 3. Put the flower roots into a bucket filled with water and let the roots fully absorb water for 30 minutes-1 hour, but be careful not to leave them for more than 24 hours.
4. Dig a planting pit with a uniform diameter and a depth of about 60 cm, put humus soil or compost into the soil and mix well, then pour it back to the upper part of the newly dug soil. 5. transplant flower seedlings.
The key point is: put the flower seedlings in the center of the hole, let the flower roots spread evenly around and spread out as far as possible. Incline slightly downward from the bottom of the plant to stabilize the roots.
6. Cover the extended roots with soil. The soil covered after transplanting flower seedlings can be used to dig the lower part of the soil.
7. Dig ditches and water around the flower seedlings (called ditches or pots). Dig a circle around the flower seedlings.
8. Water the ditch. Don't add water from one place, but water it evenly all over the place.
9. After transplantation, cut off branches about 1/3 long, and cut off twigs, weak branches and dead branches from the bottom. Key points of planting box (flowerpot) transplantation: when roses are transplanted into planting box, there should be enough space between rose seedlings and flower seedlings, and the branches should not overlap when transplanting flower seedlings.
After transplantation, water enough twice. The preparation work includes: granular soil, culture soil, planting box, basin bottom net, shovel watering can, bucket, plastic gloves, leather gloves, pruning shears, columns, strings and name labels.
The main steps are as follows: 1, transplanting about 2 flower seedlings in a planting box with a width of about 60 cm. You can consider using a planting box with a depth of more than 20 cm, which can stretch the roots of roses.
2. Put particles with a depth of about 3-4 cm in the bottom of the planting box, where large-sized ruby soil or commercially available basin bottom stones can be used. 3. Take the flower seedlings out of the net, untie the sphagnum covered with roots and spread the flower roots.
Make sure the flower root is infected with the disease. 4. Remove the adhesive tape for root grafting.
Please be sure to take off the tape. 5. Decide the position of transplanting flower seedlings.
While embossing the seedlings by hand, cover the soil with a shovel. 6. Because the roots are tightly tied, it is necessary to spread the flower roots horizontally while transplanting the flower seedlings.
7. After determining the interval between two flower seedlings, cover them with soil and don't bury them in the soil. 8. Fully water the planting box to level the soil surface, and then fully water it after about 1 hour.
9. Leave 2-3 good branches and cut the twigs from the bottom. Good branches should be trimmed 1/3.
10, cooperation.
2. Knowledge of how to grow roses
Roses like light, sunshine, cold and drought, so they don't need special anti-freezing protection in northern winter.
It can grow as long as it is not dry and watered. The requirements for soil are not strict. Generally, fertile soil can be properly managed to make it grow vigorously, flourish and bloom well.
Roses should be planted in fields with sunny ventilation and good irrigation and drainage conditions, and in fertile loam on the edge of the ground. Before planting, apply an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer to the tree hole and water it after planting. The requirements of water and fertilizer for ground-planted roses are not strict, so water and fertilizer should be reasonable according to the needs of plants, and new high-fat film should be sprayed to preserve fertilizer and moisture.
Fertilize frequently in summer, 15~20 days, and water in time after fertilization to prevent seedlings from burning. Spraying Hua Zhuang Di Ling in bud stage can make the buds strong, the petals plump, the colors bright, the flowers fragrant and the flowering period prolonged.
Prune in autumn to prevent overgrowth and affect flowering and plant appearance. There are many aphids in roses, so we should pay attention to prevention and control.
During overwintering, base fertilizer and overwintering water can be applied together to lay the foundation for stable and high yield of flower buds in the coming year.
3. What are the planting methods of roses?
First of all, we should know that when planting roses, we need to sow one seed at a time, and the distance between each seed should be the best. Then, cover it with suitable soil, water it with suitable water and let it germinate in a cool and ventilated place. In fact, roses, like most xerophytes, are particularly afraid of waterlogging. We must never water roses all day, because if we don't water them more, they will bloom early. If you only plant a few roses in a flowerpot, you must remember that the soil in the flowerpot should not be watered until it is dry, and once it is watered, it should be watered thoroughly at one time, otherwise the roots of the roses will be soaked in water, leading to the death of the roses.
Secondly, we all know that the growth and development of plants need photosynthesis, so potted plants are irregularly placed on the balcony to get enough light. When your rose leaves turn yellow or rot, it means that your plants are not getting enough light.
4. What are the main points of rose cultivation techniques?
The cultivation techniques are as follows: sowing in early spring to March, transplanting with soil.
Choose sunny loam or sandy loam with good drainage, and apply 2500 compost per mu? 3000kg, deep turn 20? 25cm, finely raked, made into high ridges, width 1. 5m, the height is about 15cm, and ditches of 30cm are dug on both sides.
Dig a hole 40 deep? 50cm, hole diameter 50? 60cm, then plant the seedlings in human holes, pull the roots around them straight to stretch them, cover them with dry and loose soil, and step on them with your feet when they are half filled. Compacted again after filling, and the planting depth is slightly deeper than the original soil trace.
Don't rake the hole surface flat, leave a shallow pit to store water, and finally pour the root water thoroughly and cover it with a thin layer of fine soil. Rose is a shallow-rooted tree species, which is afraid of waterlogging and drought. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention in rainy season.
When the temperature is high in summer, water it once every 7 days or so, but not too much, otherwise it will cause rotten roots. It can be watered at ordinary times, and the water permeability is increased once before and after flowering.
Regularly loosen the soil and weed to keep the garden free of weeds. Every spring when the buds just germinate, water around the rhizosphere with thin human and animal feces, and be careful not to pollute the stems and leaves.
After defoliation in autumn, a circular ditch is opened around the plants for fertilization, and 25 kilograms of human compost or manure and 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are applied to each plant, which can not only increase soil fertility, but also prevent cold. On February 65438-1October 65438 of the following year, cross branches, dead branches, old branches and insect branches were cut off.
In addition, after the first batch of flowers are finished, it should be above the base of Huazhi 10? Choose strong axillary buds at 20cm or full branches, and then cut them off. This can enhance the vitality of trees, produce more new branches and increase the number of buds in the coming year.
5. How to plant roses
Requirements of roses for environmental conditions.
Roses love light and need at least 6-8 hours of direct light every day. Some varieties are sensitive to light, and when the light is insufficient, they grow weakly, bloom less, or even do not bloom.
Therefore, when planting, we should choose a place with good light as much as possible to meet the needs of the growth and development of roses. Under the strong light of summer, the branches of roses become shorter and the thorns on the epidermis become extremely hard.
In particular, varieties such as Purple Branch Rose, Pingyin 1 No.3 and No.3 will have brown or deformed flowers, so shade can be used appropriately to increase the yield of buds or flowers. Roses like warm and humid environmental conditions, and the suitable temperature for most varieties at night is15-18℃.
The daytime temperature is 23-25℃ and the relative humidity of the environment is not higher than 80%. Some varieties grow well at 2 1-23℃.
If the temperature is lower than 6℃ at night, it will seriously affect the growth and flowering. Roses like loose, fertile soil with rich organic matter and good drainage to avoid soil hardening and poor drainage, and can grow in soil with pH of 6.5-7.5.
Cultivation management (1) Selecting land for garden construction: In mountainous areas, weirs and soil slopes should be fully utilized, which can not only increase economic benefits, but also strengthen soil and protect weirs and prevent soil erosion. A special rose garden should be built on the plain.
However, no matter in mountainous areas or plains, it is forbidden to plant on sticky and stagnant land. (2) Soil treatment: disinfect the soil before planting, mainly with steam, and fumigate with chloropicrin when conditions permit.
After fumigation with chloropicrin, it should be turned deeply for many times to avoid phytotoxicity affecting plant root development. Then turn over with farmyard manure.
In the plain, the border is 200 cm wide and 15-20 cm high. (3) Planting: The planting row spacing is 2-2.5m, and the plant spacing is1-1.5m. The plant spacing can be appropriately increased in plain land.
Dig a planting pit (60 cm long, 60 cm wide and 60 cm deep), put in seedlings, fill the soil and water it. (4) Fertilization: Fertilization can be carried out twice.
Combining deep ploughing in late autumn, applying farmyard manure of 3000-3300kg per mu; Another time, after flowering, 5-25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or other compound fertilizers were applied per mu with loosening soil. (5) Pruning: Rose has strong germination ability. If it is not pruned in time, the branches will often become thinner and die because of dense clusters.
Pruning should be carried out according to the plant age, growth status, fertilizer, water and management conditions, with thinning as the main method, supplemented by short cutting, so as to achieve the purpose of not aging old branches, not dense branches and light ventilation. Old branches over 5 years old should be thinned in time to support the growth of new branches.
Weak roses that have basically lost their flowering ability can be pruned again to promote the growth of new branches. (6) Pest control: The main diseases of roses are rust, powdery mildew and brown spot.
In order to prevent rust, diseased buds can be removed and buried deeply. Spraying triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide or chlorothalonil/kloc-0 every half month before and during the onset of rust, powdery mildew and brown spot has a good effect on preventing the infection and spread of diseases.
The main pests of roses are scarabs, marsupials, red spiders, aphids, scale insects and longicorn beetles. Scarabs and giant moths mainly harm the buds and leaves of roses, and phoxim can be sprayed during the occurrence period and killed by the enemy; Red spiders, aphids and scale insects mainly suck rose juice, causing growth weakness, which can be prevented by spraying dimethoate, monocrotophos and other internal insecticides; Apriona longicorn is a destructive pest, so its adults should be killed and its honey source plants should be removed to inhibit its occurrence.
(7) Harvest: The yield and quality of roses vary greatly in different harvest periods. Usually, the rose bud should be picked before opening, that is, when the longitudinal diameter of the bud is three times that of the calyx, the yield will drop too early, and the quality will be affected if it blooms too late.
In the concentrated period of flowering, choose strong and full buds to pick, other delicate buds will pick petals after full opening, and sporadic flowers will pick petals after full opening at other times.
6. How to grow roses
3. Any plant only likes light fertilization, and the application of concentrated fertilizer (especially chemical fertilizer) will lead to local root rot and death. According to the size of plants and pots, apply 20-40 compound fertilizers (or nitrogen fertilizers) evenly on the edge of pots every 65,438+0-65,438+0.5 months, or pour 1-2 times of light fermented rice washing water every month.
As long as the leaves are green and the flowers are bright, there is no need to fertilize. 4. Use a seeding tray or basin. The medium used for sowing should be clean, free of pests and diseases, and contain fertilizer. After loading the culture medium, water it first.
Sowing can be done by sowing or on demand, but on demand saves seeds, and the spacing between seeds can be based on 1 finger width. After sowing, cover the seeds slightly with clean culture medium, and the thickness of the cover should not exceed twice the thickness of the seeds. Excellent seeds can be covered without medium.
7. Essentials of knowledge about cultivation and management of edible roses
Cultivation method
Roses like light, sunshine, cold and drought, so they don't need special anti-freezing protection in northern winter. It can grow as long as it is not dry and watered. The requirements for soil are not strict. Generally, fertile soil can grow vigorously, flourish and blossom well. Fertilize frequently in summer, 15~20 days, and water in time after fertilization to prevent seedlings from burning. Prune in autumn to prevent overgrowth and affect flowering and plant appearance. There are many aphids in roses, so we should pay attention to prevention and control.
The cultivation of roses is not strict with soil, medium alkaline or slightly alkaline soil is the most suitable, and slightly acidic soil can also be used. Therefore, roses should be planted in fields with sunny ventilation and good irrigation and drainage conditions, and in fertile loam on the edge of the land. Roses should avoid low-lying and waterlogged areas. When waterlogging occurs, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and even the whole plant dies. The flower bud and germination of roses need an average temperature above 7 degrees, and the effective accumulated temperature from the initial stage of germination to the flowering stage needs 365 degrees, which generally depends on the temperature. Dry hot wind and soil drought are the most taboo in the rose period. For fields with water conservancy conditions, irrigation can be carried out in the bud period. Roses stop growing twice in the process of production and development (generally called summer sleep in June-July; 1 1-65438+ February is called hibernation), at this time, the branches do not grow and the branches do not elongate. The dormancy period in summer is the best pruning period for flower picking seedlings. When hibernating, base fertilizer and overwintering water can be applied to lay the foundation for stable and high yield of flower buds in the coming year.
8. What are the planting methods of roses?
I think many people will be surprised to see this planting method, one of the planting techniques of roses, because this planting method is rarely heard, and the most heard is transplanting and planting methods.
This planting method is actually to cultivate new varieties of roses. Let me introduce this planting method in detail.
In autumn, we put wet sand into plastic bags, sow the seeds of roses at the same time, and then put them in an environment that freezes at night and melts during the day. Then when the temperature rises to 20 degrees Celsius, the seeds will germinate, which is the best time for sowing. Then when the seedlings of roses grow to about 4 leaves, they can be planted separately. Insertion brazing is one of the planting techniques of roses. Insertion brazing is the most common planting technique when planting roses, and it is also very convenient.
I will introduce it in detail below. What is the first brazing method? Select the branches that just germinated in early spring, and then cut them with scissors.
(Remember to cut some stems), then treat the cut branches with growth hormone and put them in a small pot. The second brazing method? That is, hard branch brazing. This brazing method is to cut off the branches of roses before winter, remember to make two or three sections into one section, then bind the branches of these roses (10 roses are a bundle), then dig a pit about 30 meters in a low temperature room, and then put these cuttings in wet sand, and cover them with a layer of soil about 7 meters thick.