Tusi's Xinjiang City was distributed in 20 states in the Five Dynasties, including the north and south rivers in the Shen and You basins. There was no change in the early Song Dynasty. After Chunhua, Nanjiang paid tribute to the imperial court, while Beijiang (now Yongshun, Baojing, Longshan, Guwen and Huayuan) remained in its original place. In the Yuan Dynasty, the most popular surname of the tribes in southwest China was the position of toast because of its invitation. In the Ming Dynasty, people who joined the clan were attached to the original officials and were reused, so Tusi became the Xinjiang official relied on by the ruling dynasty, even like the vassal state. By the Ming Dynasty, the relationship between Tusi and the imperial court was very close, and the Tusi system was more complete. The relationship between the chieftain and the central dynasty is economically characterized by "paying tribute" and "giving back". Tribute to the central dynasty, there are records of tribute to "Xibu" and "Mercury" in the Tang Dynasty. Since the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it has been expanding day by day, including tiger skin, navel, rhinoceros horn, bamboo chicken, golden pheasant, tussah, river cloth, mercury, yellow wax, cinnabar, precious medicinal materials, famous horses, big catching bamboo and so on. Every time I paid tribute, I got some "gifts" from the emperor.
Tusi must obey the call of feudal dynasty. The soldiers led by the chief were originally only responsible for guarding the soil. "If there is no big deal, it will be cultivated in the lotus tail. If there is something, it is necessary to fight with a spear. The army has no need for far-reaching defense, and the official has no expense for raising troops. " With the improvement of the chieftain system and the close relationship with Shenyang dynasty, by the Ming Dynasty, local soldiers had become one of the main sources of the imperial court. Every time the imperial court fought, the local soldiers were almost out of service.
Tusi has supreme authority in its jurisdiction, and is a veritable "local emperor", with its own prime minister, housekeeper, Sheba, Tuzhizhou and Tuzhong Army. Since the Song Dynasty, the smallest administrative unit under its jurisdiction is the cave dwelling. There is a fixed section between caves, which is generally bounded by hillside rivers, which is quite similar to today's districts and societies. Under the cave is a flag, which is the organization of the Tusi regime to unite the army and the people. If something happens, it will be mobilized as an army to prepare for battle. If nothing happens, break up for the people, repair and chisel it. Yongshun Company has selected 58 banners under the lawsuit of three states and six captains.
The chieftain's rule is hierarchical, and his power and status are determined by the hierarchy, and the division of master and servant is very strict. The land is graded, the toast occupies fertile soil, and those who leave can divide the land. The natives can only open a piece of land on the hillside. In housing, the toast "spins columns and carves beams, and builds bricks and tiles in scales", giving up the first person "to erect beams and columns and enclose walls", while the natives "fork wood to build houses and weave bamboo into walls" are not allowed to cover tiles. If there is a tile cover, it is a crime of "stealing the rule." As the saying goes, "only domestic horses are allowed, and no one is allowed to build tiles." The chieftain is punctual, and the guards are quite prosperous. When the natives see it, they all bow to their knees, otherwise they will condemn the killing. The toast called himself a Japanese knight, while the natives called him "Master" and "Duye". The yamen where the toast lives calls itself "Golden Palace", his dormitory is called "Greedy Palace", his wife should have "Three palaces and Six courtyards", his burial place is called "Purple Mountain", his garden is called "Imperial Garden" and his clan branch is called "Imperial Palace". Toastmasters at all levels lead a luxurious and decadent life. Every year at the age of 20, people will go to the countryside to save their homes. "This will make folk women sing and dance." Toast has hot and cold points, which is a place for heating and summer. Among them are nymphs, gardens and Diaoyutai. This is specially designed for entertainment.
Cruel criminal law is an important means for Tusi to exercise cruel rule over indigenous people. Tusi Cao has the right to use troops, and the criminal laws include beheading, castration, finger amputation, ear cutting, eye gouging, and rod punishment. If the aborigines are guilty, the small ones are ruled by the governor and the big ones are in charge.
The cruel rule of the chieftain brought profound disasters to the aborigines, and even the feudal dynasty had to admit the hardships of their lives.