Mullet, also known as black fish, raw fish, fortune fish, snakehead fish, filial fish, etc., belongs to the order Perciformes, the family Seridae, and the genus Serpentine in taxonomy. It is very nutritious and contains a lot of protein. How to properly raise fortune fish? The following is the content about the feeding methods of fortune fish compiled by me. I hope you like it!
How to raise fortune fish
(1) Preparation work before breeding. (1) Breeding facilities: earth ponds, cement ponds, etc. The water depth should be 1-2 meters. Water lifting equipment is complete. (2) Water source: river water, reservoir water, underground well water, etc. are all suitable. The water quality should be neutral or weakly alkaline. (3) Area: In order to facilitate production, management and sales, the area of ??the fish pond should be smaller, preferably about 1 mu, and the maximum should not exceed 2 mu. (4) It is best to have an inlet and outlet. Anti-escape facilities such as net blocks of 40-60 cm must be set up around the pool. (5) Plant aquatic plants on the water surface around the pool, generally no more than 20 meters tall. They can be used as shelter to block sunlight, avoid summer heat, and prevent predators. At the same time, they can also purify water quality and adjust water temperature. (6) The pond must be cleaned and disinfected before placing fish species.
(2) Breeding technology
1. Fish fingerling stocking: (1) Fish fingerling size, choose 10 cm or more (preferably 14-20 cm, 60g-100g) The fish species of the year should be of the same size and free from injuries and diseases. (2) It is best to choose locally produced fish species as the source of fish species. (3) The best time for stocking is from September to early October of that year, so that you can eat to restore your body and improve the overwintering survival rate. After the new year, they are released in March-April. (4) Disinfection: Strict disinfection is required before entering the pond. Generally, soak in 5% saline solution for 10-15 minutes or soak in 10ppm malachite green solution for 10 minutes. (5) Stocking density: at a depth of 1.2-1.5 meters, 8000-9000 fish fingerlings of about 50-60 grams per mu, and 5000-6000 fish fingerlings of 80-100 grams per mu. If the average water depth decreases, the stocking amount will be corresponding. reduce.
2. Feeding and management: The "Four Certainties" must be adhered to when feeding. Before feeding, the tapping sound is used as a signal to form a sensory reaction, and the snakehead fish are gathered around the food court, which can easily form a feeding situation, increase food intake, and reduce bait waste. The types of bait are mainly fresh animals, mainly small miscellaneous fish and shrimps in sea and fresh water. In fresh water, there are meal sticks, wheat ears, sand crawlers, juvenile white fish, small crucian carp, small horsetails, fish skin, green turtles, small green shrimps, etc., and in sea water, there are sardines, green (yellow) fish, etc. Plant small miscellaneous fish. If the food is strong, the amount of bait should be about 8 times the weight of the fish, and the highest amount can be more than 10 times. The off-season for eating is March-4. The feeding method is "slow, fast, slow". The feeding effect is good and the feed is wasted less. Most of the fish run away after they are full and can stop feeding. The food intake of fish is very different depending on the weather, air pressure, and water quality.
3. Daily management: mainly do the following aspects. (1) Patrol the pond. Observe the fish's feeding, activities, changes in water quality, whether there are signs of floating heads, whether there are sick fish, etc. If any problems are found, they should be dealt with promptly. (2) Change the water. Snakehead fish consume high-protein bait every day, and the concentration of ammonia in the pool water is high. Especially in summer, when the water temperature is high, the water body can easily deteriorate. For this reason, it is necessary to change the water body in time. Generally, 1/3 is changed every week and 4/5 is changed every half month. It depends on the changes in water quality. Where conditions permit, it is best to maintain micro-flow water culture. During the culture period, the water temperature should be kept at a constant temperature. Higher than 30℃ is better. (3) Escape prevention. In the early stages of stocking black fish species, the fish species are still small and have poor jumping ability. As it gradually grows, the jumping ability increases greatly, especially when the water is changed on rainy days or jumping is very active in the early morning. Therefore, the height of the pool ridge from the water surface should generally be greater than 50 cm. A strong anti-escape net should be installed at the inlet and outlet, and anti-escape nets should be installed around the pool. Escape network or prevent escape wall.
(3) Common fish diseases and their prevention and treatment
1. Saprolegniasis. Prevention and control methods: Be as careful as possible during net transportation and stocking operations to prevent fish injuries; use 0.1ppm malachite green or 0.5ppm methyl blue to disinfect the entire pond. When fish species are sick, 10ppm malachite green can be used Soak with lime green or 3-5 concentration saline solution.
2. Enteritis.
The prevention and control method is to mix 34 grams of furazolidone (furazolidone) into 100 kilograms of bait and feed it twice a day for 3 consecutive days.
3. Myxosporidiosis. The control method is to treat with 90 crystal trichlorfon at a concentration of 0.2-0.5ppm.
The living habits, feeding habits, growth and reproduction of financial fish
(1) Living habits
Snakehead fish is a bottom-dwelling fish, and its habitat is extremely widely. Therefore, any place where frogs, loaches, crucian carp and various aquatic insects live in groups are places where snakehead fish like to live. Snakehead fish mostly lurk in shallow water with a depth of 1 meter. The survival temperature of snakeheaded fish is 0-41℃, and the optimum temperature is 16-30℃. When the water temperature rises above 8℃ in spring, snakeheaded fish begin to move and swim from deep water to shallow water to look for food. Growth is faster when the water temperature is above 20°C. When it's hot and rainy in summer, they often jump out of the water and crawl on the wetlands on the shore. In autumn, when the water temperature drops to 12°C, they stop feeding; when it drops to 6°C, they move to deep water for activities. When the water temperature is too low in winter, they are buried in the mud to survive the winter. As long as there is water under the ice, they can survive the winter completely. Snakehead fish can tolerate hypoxia. It can also survive in turbid and anoxic water bodies. When there is a lack of oxygen in the water, the fish can lift its head out of the water and use its gill organs to directly absorb oxygen in the air for gas exchange. pH value: Snakehead fish can generally live in acidic and alkaline waters. Blackfish is good at jumping: its jumping ability is very strong and its jump is also high. When there is impact of running water or rainfall, it is more likely to stimulate snakeheaded fish to jump and escape, and often move upstream in the opposite direction with the current.
(2) Food habits
Snakehead fish are ferocious carnivorous fish. Mainly feeds on small fish, shrimps, frogs and tadpoles, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals. The specific types of food consumed vary depending on fish size, season, and water environment. But in any case, it will not change the nature of its carnivorous nutritional type.
(3) Growth
The fish hatched that year are generally about 150 mm long and weigh about 50 grams. The body length of 2-year-old fish is accelerated and the growth is vigorous. After 2 years of age, it shows a decreasing trend with age. Growth is faster when the water temperature is 20-25°C.
(4) Reproduction
(1) Age of sexual maturity. The Yangtze River Basin generally has 2 winters, and locally it usually matures and spawns in the third year. (2) Number of eggs conceived: Generally, the number of eggs conceived by an individual is 10,000-30,000 eggs, with the largest being 50,000-60,000 eggs. Individuals of different ages and sizes and snakeheaded fish in different water bodies have different eggs.
Artificial breeding of financial fish
(1) Selection of broodstock
The quality of broodstock is a key factor in artificial breeding. It is more suitable to choose individuals above 2 years old and weighing 500g-1500g for black fish. Broodstock should be selected that have reached sexual maturity, have no physical disease or injury, are large in size and have good growth performance.
(2) Identification of male and female broodstock
There are no obvious differences in secondary sexual characteristics between male and female snakehead fish, and it is sometimes difficult to identify them in appearance. During the reproductive season: the abdomen of the female fish is enlarged and soft, the genital pore is reddish and slightly protruding, and the abdomen is gray-white; the abdomen of the male fish is smaller, not as soft as the female fish, and the genital pore is slightly concave.
(3) Artificial induction of labor
The broodstock are paired at a ratio of 1:1, and the broodstock are placed directly in the spawning pool to wait for natural spawning. Artificial induction of labor can also be performed. The suitable area of ??the spawning pool is 0.1-3 acres. It is best to have the deep and shallow parts of the pool bottom 1 meter deep and 0.3 meters shallow. It is better to plant grass or throw grass in the pool, and the water is more transparent and thinner. Eggs can also be laid in broodstock breeding ponds. Artificial induction of labor requires selective gland development to the end of stage IV, the water temperature is 25-28°C, and the approximate time is from late May to mid-June. Among the artificial labor-inducing drugs, chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary gland are more effective. Pituitary gland 4-6/kg, chorionic gonadotropin 1600-2400 international units, ♂ halved. For those with poor maturity, two injections can be given with an interval of 24 hours. The injection site is body cavity injection. After 18-25 hours at 23-30℃, the broodstock can automatically lay eggs and become fertilized.
(4) Artificial hatching