Quail belongs to special economic poultry, which has the advantages of fast growth, early maturity, more eggs, less materials and short production cycle. Quail meat is rich in nutrition, rich in protein, iron, calcium and phosphorus, and is known as the treasure of game. Quail eggs are rich in lecithin and cephalin, and protein molecular particles of quail eggs are smaller than protein molecular particles of eggs, which are easier to digest and absorb, and have special curative effects on allergies and gastrointestinal diseases, and have special nutritional effects on human nervous system; Quail meat, eggs and blood can be used as medicine. Female quails can start laying eggs when they are 45-50 days old. 200-300 eggs a year, weighing 2.4-3 kilograms. The average egg laying rate can reach more than 80%. Each quail only consumes 0.75 kg of feed from hatching to laying eggs, and each quail only consumes 20-25 g of feed every day. The annual feed consumption is 9 kg, and the feed-egg ratio is 2.6-2.7: 65433. The incubation period of quail is only 17 days, and it can breed all year round. The comprehensive benefit of quail breeding is high and the market is stable. At present, domestic quail's egg intake is second only to chickens and ducks. 1. Living habits 1. Quails like warm and dry environment. When the temperature is lower than 15℃ and higher than 30℃, the spawning rate decreases, and the optimum spawning temperature is 20-22℃. Quails are timid and easily frightened, so the feeding room should be quiet. At present, they are kept in cages, the height of which is 15-25 cm, so as to avoid hitting their heads when they are frightened. 3. Quails grow fast and have a short life span, only 78g at the time of hatching, and their sexually mature weight can reach 120g at the age of 45-50 days. Second, cultured quail 1. Selection of breeding quail. Seed quails, whether male or female, should be full-bodied quails that have developed well within three generations, are disease-free and weigh more than120g. The seminal vesicle of the red ball above the anus of male quail is large and bright red; The abdomen of female quail is large, with three fingers wide between the free end of pubic bone and the back end of sternum, and two fingers wide between the left and right pubic bones. Male and female quails are caged at the ratio of 1: 3 and naturally mate. 2. hatch. Select breeding eggs with obvious variegated color, moderate size and normal egg shape within one week after production, and put them in a blunt-headed room for 6-8 hours before hatching. Incubation management is as follows: ① Temperature: The principle of "high in early stage, flat in middle stage and low in late stage" should be implemented in quail egg incubation. At the same time, the temperature should be flexibly controlled according to the incubation season, external temperature and embryo development, and generally kept at 38-39℃. ② Relative humidity: The relative humidity in the incubator is kept at 60%-65%. The humidity can be increased to 80% the day before the shell is taken out. (3) Ventilation: less oxygen is needed in the early stage of embryo and more oxygen is needed in the later stage; Less in winter and more in summer. Open the ventilation vent regularly 8 days before hatching, and breathe frequently 8 days after hatching. (4) turning eggs: turning eggs 4- 12 times a day from the beginning of hatching to 2-3 days before hatching. ⑤ Cold eggs: Open the hatch door to lower the temperature of the eggs. Every time you cool an egg, you can master it flexibly according to the specific situation. You can feel a little coolness by testing the temperature with your eyelids. ⑥ Egg examination: the first irradiation is carried out 5-7 days after hatching, and the eggs without sperm and dead embryos are eliminated; The second irradiation was carried out in the incubation period 12- 13 days to kill dead eggs. ⑦ Hatching: After hatching 15 days, put the eggs into the incubator, raise the humidity of the incubator to 80% until the young quails hatch, and then take out the newborn quails when their hair is dry. Thirdly, the brooding period of quail is 30 days. After the hair of the newborn quail is dry, it can be put into the incubator for feeding, and the feeding management is as follows: 1. Keep warm. The brooding temperature is kept at 37-36℃ at 1-6 days, 36-35℃ at 7- 14 days, and 34℃ at 15-20 days, and it will drop 1℃ every day after 20 days. When it drops to 27℃, it will be moved to 27℃. The thermal insulation equipment for brooding can be used as an umbrella for brooding, as well as an ordinary light bulb, an electric mattress, a warm water bag, etc. 2. drink water. Quails should drink water within 24 hours after hatching. Generally speaking, they can drink water when they are put into the incubator to keep quiet. It is best to drink 0.0 1% potassium permanganate water for boiled water, and then drink cold boiled water. Once you drink water, you can't stop. Feed. Quails can start eating at 1 hour after drinking water, and at 1-3 days old. Corn flour as the starting material was added with 100 yeast powder, and the ingredients containing 27%-28% protein were fed the next day. After 4 days of age, it was gradually changed to quail feed. Quails that can't eat should be trained. The method is to spread the feed on paper or non-toxic plastic film, put the inedible quails on it, and gently pat the paper or plastic film with your hands to induce them to eat. The formula of quail feed is: corn flour 52%, bean cake 27%, bran 5%, fish meal 10%, leaf meal 5%, bone meal10% and vitamin 10g, which are evenly stirred and fed. 1-7 days old, 6-8 times a day, and then gradually reduced to 4 times to ensure continuous feeding and water supply. 4. Density and illumination. Generally, the age can be smaller and denser, or it can be bigger and thinner. The density of flat brooding is 1 week for two weeks, 120- 150 /m2, 80- 100 /m2 for two weeks and 60-80 /m2 for three to four weeks. Ensuring the illumination time of quail is beneficial to feeding, drinking water and production performance. 1 week-old 24-hour illumination, 1 week-old14-16-hour illumination. 5. Careful management. Observe the condition of quail and check whether the temperature, humidity and ventilation are appropriate. Clean the sink and sink regularly, disinfect regularly and keep the environment clean. 3-4 weeks old male and female are divided into groups, and vaccination or deworming at 4 weeks old does not affect egg laying. Four, adult quail management 1. Feeding. Dry powder can be freely fed, and sand tanks and water tanks can be set for free feeding and drinking. The feed formula of quail for eggs is: corn flour 47%, bean cake 33%, fish meal 10%, bran 4%, bone meal 10%, Sophora japonica leaf powder 5%, and zinc sulfate10g and manganese sulfate/kloc-are added to each100kg feed. 2. temperature. The suitable temperature for quail laying eggs is 20-22℃. According to the change and adjustment of temperature, strengthen ventilation in summer, reduce feeding density, do a good job of heatstroke prevention and cooling, pay attention to cold protection and warmth in winter, increase feeding density and build stoves to keep warm. 3. light. During spawning, light is very important. General illumination is16-18 hours. When natural light is insufficient, it is necessary to make up for it early and late. 4. Do a good job in daily management. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the cage, clean the disinfection tank and sink regularly, and pick up eggs in time every morning and evening. Pay attention to the mental state, appetite and feces of quails, isolate and treat sick quails in time, keep the quail house quiet and make daily records.