(A) farmers' income is too low, which restricts the enthusiasm of growing grain and affects food security.

Grain is a product with great social benefits and poor economic benefits, which lags far behind other cash crops. According to the current market price, the net income of planting an acre of grain crops is 500 yuan money, while the income of planting watermelons, cotton, peanuts and vegetables is 2000 yuan, 1500 yuan, 1200 yuan, 1000 yuan respectively, and some cash crops are even higher. In order to respond to the call of the country, farmers and herdsmen must diversify their crops and plant less cash crops in order to ensure national food security, and diversification of crops means sacrificing the interests of some grain farmers, especially those in major grain producing areas. At the same time, the grain output has not got rid of the situation of "depending on the weather", and the income of grain farmers is very unstable due to climate and market factors, which directly restricts the income of grain farmers and affects their enthusiasm for growing grain.

(2) The amount of cultivated land is gradually decreasing, which affects food security.

Cultivated land is one of the basic conditions for developing grain production. In recent years, due to the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, non-agricultural construction occupies cultivated land, and the reserve resources of cultivated land reclamation are limited, which leads to the continuous reduction of cultivated land. Adjustment of industrial structure is a new way for farmers to increase their economic income. Many farmers change cultivated land into cash crops, dig pond culture and develop livestock and poultry breeding. Farmers' income has increased, but the grain production area has been seriously reduced, and the protection of cultivated land and food safety production and farmers' income increase have become new contradictions. At the same time, the progress of non-agricultural construction occupying cultivated land has increased year by year, and the contradiction between land supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. Moreover, due to the influence of environmental soil and other aspects, the wasteland that can be cultivated into cultivated land is extremely limited, and the cultivated land is affected by the soil environment, so it is difficult to achieve the same quality as the occupied cultivated land.

(C) Rural water conservancy infrastructure is weak, affecting food security.

In China, many reservoirs were built before 1970s. Due to the limited technical level at that time, most reservoirs were not equipped with main facilities, and there were hidden dangers in dams. Especially for small reservoirs in counties and urban areas, 70% of the reservoirs are unsafe, so maintenance and reconstruction are imminent. The state has long been responsible for the management of reservoir construction and the maintenance and transformation of facilities, which is also called the division of powers. Generally speaking, it is difficult to get funds for the reinforcement, maintenance and transformation of water conservancy facilities that are beneficial to both counties and cities and localities. At present, the maintenance and reconstruction of some large and medium-sized reservoirs have been included in the national financial plan, and the main canal has been basically hardened with the support of the state finance. However, due to local financial difficulties, small reservoirs are neglected in maintenance, and related branch canals and capillary canals are in disrepair for a long time, silting up, raising the bottom of the canal, slowing down the flow rate and leaking a lot. At the same time, the water utilization rate of canal system is only 40%, which can not guarantee the high and stable yield of grain and affect the food security.

(4) The mechanism of supporting grain production is not perfect, and the implementation of policies is not in place, which affects food security.

For a long time, the state has not given priority to solving farmers' problems, but to solving agricultural problems. When grain and other agricultural products are in short supply, certain policies should be adopted to increase farmers' income from growing grain and arouse their enthusiasm for production. In the short term, farmers' income will increase at a high speed, and grain output will increase, even greatly. When the supply of agricultural products such as grain improves, the policy will change, resulting in a decrease in farmers' income, a decrease in their enthusiasm for growing grain and a decrease in grain output. After China's reform and opening up, several fluctuations in grain output have profoundly explained this problem. Since 2004, due to the reduction and exemption of agricultural taxes, subsidies have been given to grain farmers, and a series of policies have been introduced to promote farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, such as the minimum protective price for grain purchase, subsidies for agricultural machinery and subsidies for improved varieties. The grain output has been greatly improved, but some policies have been discounted in implementation, and farmers have not received due compensation. For example, in some places, farmers only enjoy half of the benefits of agricultural machinery subsidies, and half of them are exploited by agricultural machinery production enterprises, distributors and agricultural machinery authorities. For example, the state subsidizes agricultural production enterprises, but agricultural production enterprises have not lowered their prices, and the prices of agricultural products remain high. This part of the funds has not really played a role in stabilizing the prices of agricultural products, so it is better to directly subsidize farmers. In 2007, farmers who planted an acre of grain received direct grain subsidies, improved seed subsidies and comprehensive subsidies around 40 yuan, but this year, the expenditure on agricultural means of production per acre increased by more than 20 yuan, accounting for 50% of the government's incentive policy.

(E) The local financial subsidies for grain policy suffered serious losses, which affected food security.

In accordance with the requirements of relevant policies, grain enterprises implement financial losses for grain policy. According to the requirements, the principal of the policy loss does not need to be repaid for the time being, but only the interest is needed, but the interest alone makes many counties and cities with financial difficulties overwhelmed. Only part of the interest can be paid from the grain risk fund contracted to the county, and most of it is solved by local finance. These burdens have seriously restricted the development of grain enterprises, the development of local economy and food security.

(6) The facilities of grain storage units are aging, and the detection methods are backward, which affects food security.

The state has invested a lot of money to build many national grain reserves, but this is far from meeting the needs of national grain reserves. A large number of national grain reserves must be stored in the warehouses of local grain enterprises. Due to insufficient maintenance funds, the warehouse facilities are aging, the walls are cracked, tilted and the doors and windows are seriously damaged. At the same time, the local food quality supervision and inspection equipment is aging, and the testing funds are insufficient, so it is impossible to test the food quality, which seriously affects food safety.