Marshmallow is a perennial herb. The stem is erect and tall. Leaves alternate, heart-shaped. Flowers in racemes terminal single or raw petals, purple, pink, red, white and other colors. Flowering period from June to August. Capsule, seeds compressed round, kidney-shaped. Flower language - mild. Prefer full sun, tolerate semi-shade, but avoid waterlogging. Native to Sichuan, China, now widely distributed in China, East, Central and North China.
Marigold , hardy, sun-loving, semi-shade tolerance, avoiding waterlogging. Perennial rooted herbaceous plants, plants up to 2 meters to 3 meters high, stems erect and erect, clustered, unbranched, all stellate hairs and bristles. Leaf blade subcircular-cordate or oblong, 6 cm to 18 cm long, 5 cm to 20 cm wide, basal leaf blade is larger, leaf blade is rough, both surfaces are covered with stellate hairs, petiole is 5 cm to 15 cm long.
Flowers are solitary or nearly clustered in the leaf axils, sometimes arranged in racemes, 6 cm to 12 cm in diameter, with showy colors of pink, red, purple, ink purple, white, yellow, water red, creamy yellow, compound colors, etc., single or double petals. The fruit is a capsule, the fruit is flat and round, and the seeds are kidney-shaped. Marshmallow like light, intolerant of shade, underground hardy, do not choose the soil, but to loose fertile soil is good, flowering period from May to September. The root system is developed, the stem is erect and upright, the lower part is lignified, the height can reach 3 meters, the whole plant is hairy. Leaves alternate, leaf blade rough and wrinkled, rounded heart-shaped, 3 to 7 lobed, margins with untidy obtuse teeth, long-stalked, generally 6 to 25 centimeters long. Stipules 2 to 3, free.
Flowers solitary in leaf axils. Bracteoles 6 to 9, broadly lanceolate, united at base, attached to outside of calyx tube. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla 6 to 13 cm in diameter, with purple, fuchsia, pink, light red, purple-black, yellow, white, and other colors, and there are also compound species with different colored margins. Petals 5 or more, obovate, margin undulate and wrinkled or toothed, simple, semi-double to double. Stamens numerous, anthers united into a tube and enclosing the style, which is linear and protrudes above the stamens. Capsule flat-orbicular, seeds reniform, dorsal margin erect as a corona, lateral oblique lines, seed weight about 9.2 g per thousand.
Habitat
Marshmallow likes sunshine, semi-shade tolerance, but avoid waterlogging. Salt and alkali tolerance is strong, in the soil containing 0.6% salt can still grow. Cold-resistant, in northern China can be safe open-ground overwintering. It grows well in loose, fertile, well-drained, sandy soil rich in organic matter.
This species is native to the southwest region of China, widely cultivated throughout the country for ornamental gardening. The whole herb is used as medicine, has the function of clearing heat and stopping bleeding, eliminating swelling and detoxification, treating vomiting blood, hemorrhage and other diseases. Stem skin containing fiber can be used instead of hemp. Cultivated for ornamental use in all countries of the world
Medicinal parts: flowers, roots and seeds
Medicinal functions: diuretic, laxative,
Medicinal uses: decocting glittering glittering straw, cooling the blood and stopping hemorrhage, diuretic and laxative. It is used for plum nucleus qi, unfavorable diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting blood, leakage, leucorrhoea, carbuncle, swelling, sores and poison, soup and fire injuries.
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Functional classification
Modern medicine
Root (Marshmallow root): sweet, cold. Clearing heat and cooling blood, diuretic and draining pus. Used for urinary gonorrhea, blood in urine, vomiting blood, hematochezia, subluxation, intestinal carbuncle; externally used for sores and swellings, dengtoxin.
Stem and leaves (marshmallow seedling): sweet, slightly cold. Used for feverish dysentery, gonorrhea, gold sores, fire sores.
Flower (marshmallow flower): sweet, cold. Promoting blood circulation and moistening dryness, facilitating bowel movement. Used for dysentery, vomiting blood, hematochezia, subluxation, dyspepsia, malaria, children's rubella; used for carbuncle sores and ulcers.
Seeds (marshmallow seeds): sweet, cold. It is used to relieve oedema, gonorrhea, and promote birth. Used for edema, gonorrhea, diarrhea.
Ethnomedicine
Baiyao Bai that Bi drink, that force thick: flowers for menstrual disorders, excessive leukorrhea; root for urinary tract infections, cervicitis Dian Pharmacopoeia. The forced thick, the forced meet thick: root main treatment of urinary tract infection, cervicitis, leukorrhea; flowers main treatment of menstrual disorders; seeds main treatment of edema, nephritis; leaves main treatment of carbuncle sores and ulcers "Ethnomedicine Record I".
Wa medicine outlaw bi: root treatment of leakage, fetal restlessness, flower treatment of leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, corneal cataract, seed treatment of constipation in the elderly "Dian medicine record". Dai Bi: Roots are used to treat sores and boils in "Ethnopharmacognosy I".
Naxi medicine solid Zanba: root treatment of leakage, fetal restlessness; flower treatment of leucorrhea, menstrual disorders, corneal opacity; seed treatment of constipation in the elderly "Dian medicine record". Solid Zanba: root for women's leakage, fetal restlessness; flowers for leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, corneal opacity; seeds for constipation in the elderly "Ethnomedicine Record I".
Tibetan medicine Jiangba: flowers for spermatorrhea; fruit for urinary obstruction, gonorrhea, edema, thirst, kidney fever, bladder fever "Department of Tibetan standard. Baojin: flowers for excessive menstruation, epistaxis; fruit for urinary incontinence, diarrhea, thirst, etc. "青藏药鉴". HALOMEDO: The flowers, seeds and roots are used to treat kidney failure, spermatorrhea, and febrile urinary incontinence (Zhongguo zangyi zaoyu). 哈洛美多：花治遗精，月经多，衄血，子宫炎，白带过多；种子治疗小便不利，腹泻，肾炎，水肿：根补肾，健胃，肾衰，食欲不振《藏本草》。 Haromedo, shaking Dan: flower main treatment for spermatorrhea, uterine inflammation disease and leucorrhea "Ethnomedicine Journal I".
Mongolian medicine halou a qiqi ge: seeds for urinary stones, urinary closure, gonorrhea, diarrhea, thirst, sores and ulcers ". Eri a Zhanba: flowers used for kidney fever, bladder fever, edema, spermatorrhea, reddish-white leucorrhoea "Mongolian plant medicine. Haloqiqiqi, Eri Zhamba; flowers for urinary incontinence, kidney fever, seminal glide, cystitis, red and white with discharge "Ethnopharmacognosy". Zhamba: fruit for edema, kidney fever, bladder fever, astringent urine, urinary closure, thirst, abscesses [209].
Dong medicine Nugs laemp yav: roots, stems and flowers, leaves main treatment Genglai (lumbago edema), dry cold (edema disease) "Dong medicine".
Tujia medicine a piece of red ( yi pian gong): flower buds to cure menstrual disorders, closure, monthly court consumptions "Tujia medicine".
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Use function
Marshmallow flower,
Marshmallow (4 pictures) is also known as hemp stalk flower, ripe seasonal flower, checkerboard flower. The plant can reach up to 3 meters, so it has the name of one red. It has large flowers and a long flowering period. The flowers have single heavy petals, and the colors are purple, red, white and yellow.
Shukone belongs to the mallow family, perennial large herbaceous flowers. One year planting can bloom year after year, is a good seed source for courtyard, road side, field arrangement of flowers. Can be composed of luxuriant hedges, flower wall, landscaping environment.
The roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds of marshmallow are medicinal herbs, clearing away heat and detoxification, internally for constipation, tetrodotoxin, diuretic, dysentery. External use to treat sores, burns and other conditions. Its flowers, is a food coloring agent.
Marshmallow root contains sugar, alcohol substances. Flowers contain anthocyanin, red pigment, glucose, marshmallow II. Seeds contain fatty oil, oil unsaturated free drunk 34.88%. The stalks can be used as woven fiber material ("Qunfangbiao": "take the skin as a wisp, can weave cloth and rope with") [1].
Species and ornamental
Marshmaelia pictures to appreciate (16) is an herbaceous flower. Flower Mirror" said its "peanuts strange, open like embroidered brocade eye-catching", the Ming Dynasty Jiang Zhong's "ink anemone" said: "dense leaves to protect the complexity of the English, the flowers have been deep in the summer. Do not say that the color is different, or to the heart of the sun. Guo Moruo describes it as "arrow stems shoot straight up, and agar flowers follow each other". Leaves, flowers, colorful, colorful, long flowering period, is the garden cultivated more common flowers. More horticultural varieties, there are a thousand leaves, five hearts, heavy platform, cut velvet, saw mouth and other valuable varieties, foreign countries have also cultivated a number of excellent varieties.
It is suitable for planting in the building, rockery or dotted flower beds, lawns, rows or clusters of planting. Dwarf varieties can be cultivated as potted flowers, displayed in front of the door, should not be placed indoors for a long time. Can also be cut for cut flowers, for bottle insertion or for baskets, bouquets and so on. Young leaves and flowers edible, skin for high-quality brazier, the whole plant is used in medicine, with heat detoxification, cough diuretic effect. Anthocyanin extracted from the flowers, can be a coloring agent for food [2].
Symbolism
Marshmallow Flower Language - Gentle
If you want to send flowers to your lover or girlfriend to praise her gentle personality, virtuous wife and mother. Then, consider sending red marshmallow, which represents the flower language of gentleness. Red marshmallow, also known as red marshmallow, red marshmallow is very beautiful, bright color, give people a fresh feeling, very popular, red marshmallow is especially suitable for planting in the courtyard, road side, site layout flower garden good environment. And also can form a luxuriant hedge, flower wall, beautify the garden environment. Bring a gentle feeling to the owner of the hedge, flower wall.
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Planting Methods
Marshmallow Pictures(17 Pictures)
Growth Law
Marshmallow is a perennial herbaceous plant, with an erect and sturdy stem and alternate, heart-shaped leaves. Flowers are borne in terminal monopetalous or petalous racemes, flowering from June to August. Capsule, seed flat round,. The language of flowers is gentle. Prefer full sun, planting pots, early spring with sowing seedlings on the pot, stay unique flowers. After flowering 15 centimeters from the root neck cut, and can sprout new plants. Marshmallow plants are easy to aging, cultivation about 4 years should be renewed. The fruit is harvested immediately when yellow ripe, so as to avoid seed shedding. Fertilizer seedlings should be applied during the growth period of liquid fertilizer, pay attention to weeding, loosening the soil, and promote the robust growth of plants. After the formation of buds in the leaf axils, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Watering The flowering period should be watered appropriately in order to make the flowering period long and bloom well, all the way to the top of the branch. Disease and insect control leaves appear nearly round spots, diameter 3-1
0 mm, brown, slightly whorled, the edge of the color dark, raw small black spots. Spray 50% carbendazim 600-1000 times in the early stage of disease control. Leaves appear polygonal or irregular spot, diameter 2-6 mm, brown, edge dark brown, bearing small black spots. Later spots often rupture and perforate. Spraying is needed to prevent and control the disease. Leaf blades produce round or polygonal spots, 1-5 mm in diameter. The aphids that harm marshmallow are commonly cotton aphids, peach aphids and other species. Stinging sap of tender tips and tender leaves, must be timely control. Rong, larvae cluster in the back of the leaf sucking sap, resulting in leaf yellowing, wilting, should pay attention to de-killing. The leaves of the diseased plant turn yellow or wither, and there is a powdery pile of gowns on the back of the leaves. Bordeaux liquid should be sprayed onto the plants to control it in spring and summer, and the seeds should be sterilized before sowing. Marshmallow is usually sown to reproduce, but can also be divided or cuttings. The southern region is good for fall sowing, and the northern region is good for spring sowing. Seeds can be sown when ripe, germinate in about 1 week, transplant once when there are 2-3 true leaves, and bloom the following year. Seed germination power can be maintained for 4 years. The root system is well developed, the stem is straight and erect, woody, up to 3 meters high, and the whole plant is hairy. Leaves alternate, leaf blade rough and wrinkled, 3 to 7 lobed, margins with untidy blunt teeth, generally 6 to 25 cm long. Stipules are 2 to 3, free. Sowed seedlings grow 2-3 years to decline, so it can be cultivated as a 2-year-old. In the fall, dig up the plant, the root base of the branches with roots divided down, planted separately that is divided. For some special good heavy varieties, the use of the base of the autumn tiller as a spike, cut into 8 cm long, inserted in the pot, potting soil to sandy loam is good, inserted in a shaded place to be rooted.
Planting Methods
1. Marshmallow reproduction methods: Sichuan anemone is usually used for seed propagation, but also can be divided and cuttings reproduction. Plants and cuttings are mostly used for the propagation of fine varieties.
Spring sowing, fall sowing can be. Depending on how many seeds of marshmallow, can be sown in the open ground seedbed, and then transplanted seedlings, can also be open ground live, no longer transplanted. South often use fall sowing, usually appropriate in September fall sowing in the open seedbed, germination neat. And the north is often spring sowing. Marshmallow seeds can be sown after maturity, under normal circumstances the seeds can sprout in about 7 days. The germination power of marshmallow seeds can be maintained for 4 years, but the growth decline phenomenon occurs after 2 to 3 years of sowing seedlings. Direct sowing in the open ground, if the appropriate combination of rainy days transplanting, both interseeding, but also a time to plant flowers for many years to benefit.
Splitting of marshmallow in the fall, digging out the perennial marshmallow clumps of roots at the right time, cut into several small clumps with a fast knife, so that each small clump has two or three buds, and then planting can be planted. Spring planting slightly strengthen the water management.
Cuttings can be taken after flowering to winter. Take the old stem base sprouting lateral branches of marshmallow as a spike, about 8cm long, inserted dry sand bed or pot can be. After insertion, cover with plastic film to moisturize, and placed in the shade until rooting. Before and after the winter should be laid at the bottom of the bed electric heating line to increase the ground temperature, can accelerate the production of new roots
2. Marshmallow cultivation and management: Sichuan sunflower like cool climate, avoid heat and frost, like light, slightly shade-tolerant; suitable for the soil layer is deep, fertile, well-drained soil.
Shu anemone cultivation management is relatively simple, seedlings grow 2 to 3 true leaves, should be transplanted once, increase the spacing. Transplantation should be watered at the right time, before flowering combined with weeding 1 to 2 times fertilizer, fertilizer to phosphorus, potash fertilizer is good. Seedlings can be planted in November after 1 transplant. Seedling growth period, apply 2-3 times liquid fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, often loosen the soil, weeding, in order to facilitate the growth of robust plants. When the leaf axils of marshmallow form flower buds, apply 1 time of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In order to prolong the flowering period, adequate water should be maintained. After flowering, cut off the above-ground part in time, and new buds can also sprout. When potted plants, they should be potted in early spring, retaining the solitary flowering. Because marshmallow seeds are easy to scatter after maturity, they should be harvested in time. After 3-4 years of planting, the plant is easy to senescence. Therefore, it should be renewed in time. In addition, marshmallow is easy to hybridize, in order to maintain the purity of varieties, different varieties should be maintained at a certain distance from each other. Marshmallow is susceptible to leafrollers, aphids, red spiders and other hazards, old plants and dry weather prone to rust, should be timely prevention and treatment [3-4].
Pest control
Marshmallow
Perennial old plants of marshmallow are susceptible to marshmallow rust, the leaves of susceptible plants turn yellow or die, and tan, powdery spore mounds can be seen on the back of the leaves. Spring or summer on the plant spraying Bordeaux solution or seed disinfection before sowing can play a preventive effect. In the early stage of the disease, you can spray 15% powder rusting wettable powder 1,000 times, or 70% metribuzin wettable powder 1,000 to 1,500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, etc., sprayed every 7 to 10 days, sprayed 2 to 3 times, have a good effect of prevention and control.
When there is red spider infestation during the growth period and the occurrence is serious, use 1.8% abamectin emulsion 7000 to 9000 times to spray evenly to prevent and control the spider; or use 15% pyridaben emulsion 2500 to 3000 times to have good control effect. Do not use dichlorvos to kill mites, dichlorvos has the effect of stimulating the proliferation of mites. Do not use pyrethroid pesticides, it is basically ineffective for mite control.
Sometimes there are cotton leaf borer damage to the leaves of marshmallow, when the occurrence of the content of 16,000 IU / mg of Bt wettable powder 500 to 700 times liquid, or 25% methomyl suspension 1500 to 2000 times liquid, or 20% miman suspension 1500 to 2000 times liquid, etc..