1. Breeding environment: Choose a place with sunny ventilation, quiet environment, abundant water, no pollution, rich bait sources, lush vegetation, sufficient dissolved oxygen, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation and power supply. Selection of water source: water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds can be used as water source, and well water and spring water can also be used. The PH value of water is 6-8.
2. Environment of the shrimp pond: The shrimp pond can be large or small, with a water depth of 0.7m-1.5m. It is best to run east-west, facing the sun, with a slight slope around the pond, a flat bottom and a slight inclination to the drainage side, which is convenient for discharging the pond water. The pond must be surrounded by mud slope protection, mainly for lobsters to dig holes to avoid the wind in winter. The ridge is 40-50 cm above the water surface, and the width of the ridge should reach 60 cm, mainly to prevent lobsters from digging holes to filter water. If the water area of the pond exceeds 3 mu, 1-2 ridges can be built in the pond to form fields, wells and wells. Lobsters are mainly allowed to burrow and live, spawn and breed.
3. Escape prevention measures: Lobsters like to move at night and crawl along the ground. The escape prevention method is: use asbestos tile, silk, plastic film or steel mesh around the pond ridge, use wooden stakes as support, build a 50cm high escape prevention wall, and bury the bottom about 30cm underground to ensure that no lobster escapes.
4. Disinfection of the pool: The commonly used methods are: ① Quicklime, leaving only 5- 10 cm of water in the pool water, breaking the quicklime evenly and sprinkling it into the pool water to melt. The dosage of quicklime is generally 20-40 kg per mu. On the second day after using quicklime, stir the bottom of the tank with an iron rake to fully mix lime slurry and sludge. (2) Bleaching powder: Bleaching powder 0.5- 1 kg per mu accounts for more than 30% of the drained pond water, and bleaching powder 0.5-2.5 kg/m per mu of undrained pond water depth accounts for more than 30%. When in use, the bleaching powder is first put into a wooden basin or iron drum, diluted with water and then sprinkled into the pond. Don't let go of the disinfected water, put it in the pool, and start feeding the next day to reach the water level needed for feeding. Note: When the calcium content of quicklime is above 50% (theoretical value: 7 1.4%), lobster will shell during its growth, so it is necessary to ingest enough calcium. Quicklime is cheap. Tommy Tam experts recommend it.
5. Fertilization in the pond: After reaching the required water level, apply organic fertilizer, such as: 150-250kg/ mu (fermented pig, cow dung, etc.) to make the water depth between 80cm-120cm. After three days, if the pond water is not fertile, a small amount of fermented agricultural fertilizer water can be sprayed several times to gradually transform the pond water into suitable fertilizer.
6. Special note: More aquatic plants (all kinds of aquatic plants) can be cultivated in the pond, which is an auxiliary and natural bait for shrimp survival. It can also be used to domesticate pond water, absorb lobster feces and adjust water quality and fertility. The growth area of aquatic plants should be controlled within a quarter, and they should grow dispersedly. Before aquatic plants enter the pond, they should be soaked in 1 00kg water-soluble1kg quicklime10min. In order to kill harmful substances and pathogens in aquatic plants, auxiliary materials and hidden objects can be set at the bottom of the pond for lobsters to inhabit. If you need escape prevention measures in rice fields, you can add high-altitude straws and put plastic films around them to let shrimps slip in shrimp ditches according to local conditions. When the water temperature is stable above 10℃, shrimp can be released, and it should be placed in sunny morning or evening to avoid excessive temperature difference of pond water.
Site selection:
The first consideration for crayfish culture is the site. If the location is not good, it will bring bad influence to the future culture, even serious influence.
1, water source. No waterlogging, no drought and good water quality. Poor water quality can make lobsters sick and even die. In addition, as aquaculture, water consumption is large and water sources must be sufficient.
2. Traffic and power consumption. Crayfish culture often needs shipping and feeding. Especially for large-scale farmers, traffic problems must be considered and the passage of trucks must be met. In addition, due to frequent water supply and drainage, it is necessary to consider the situation of electricity consumption, to meet a certain load, and the electricity fee should be reasonable.
3. rent. Rent is a major expenditure item for lobster farming. For high-density farming, the rent per mu cannot exceed that of 800 yuan. For low-density farming, ditch, pond, swamp and low-lying land should be abandoned to save input cost.
4, site selection, we consider more of the natural environment. The site should be as far away from villages and traffic arteries as possible to prevent theft and destruction. It is necessary to inspect the local customs and people's feelings, have a good relationship with the local people, and carefully consider the terms of land lease.
5. Breeding conditions. Shrimp culture in ditches, paddy fields, swamps and ponds is more suitable for high-density culture, while large water surfaces such as lakes and reservoirs are not suitable for intensive culture of crayfish. Of course, if there are a large number of aquatic plants in it, it can also be cultivated, but it is not convenient for raising and fishing. Swamp and low-lying land are cheaper and suitable for large-scale farming. The sand is loose, the water retention is poor, every inch of grass is difficult to grow, and the water is thin, which is not suitable for breeding. Crayfish are more likely to make holes in the sand, so it is necessary to build escape prevention measures. Cement ponds can be used for breeding or temporary breeding, but more artificial hidden objects should be put, more aquatic plants should be fed and water should be changed frequently. Because lobsters can't make holes in cement ponds, unless special measures are taken, cement ponds are not suitable for breeding.
Intensive cultivation and common cultivation:
Lobster farming is divided into intensive farming and general farming. Intensive farming refers to high-density farming, and the yield per mu can reach 800- 1000 kg. Generally, the output is 300-500 Jin, and basically no need to feed. Intensive cultivation and general cultivation have different requirements for the site. Intensive cultivation is best carried out in ditches, paddy fields, swamps and ponds. Easy to feed fish, convenient to drain. Generally, fish and shrimp polyculture and rice-shrimp rotation can be carried out in large water surface, large fish ponds and rice fields.
At present, farmers in southern China are mainly intensive and have high technical content; In coastal areas and lake areas, there are many idle fields, which are widely cultivated, basically without feeding and management, and the cost is very low. Intensive cultivation requires higher venues and greater investment. It is necessary to transform the site, build escape prevention facilities, plant aquatic plants and feed them. Labor costs are high. All localities should choose sites according to their own conditions, and decide whether to adopt intensive cultivation or general cultivation according to the site conditions.
Preparation before and after seedling input:
Before the seedlings are put into use, the site should be transformed according to the technical requirements, especially the old ponds and waste ponds should be disinfected. Before planting shrimps in autumn, it is necessary to make escape prevention facilities to prevent shrimps from escaping after entering the pool.
If there are too few aquatic plants in the newly-built pond, peanuts, water hyacinths or other aquatic plants must be put in, and the aquatic plants should account for 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the whole water surface. The water depth of the pond is 30- 150 cm.
In autumn, it is necessary to feed the shrimps quickly to enhance their physique and let the lobsters have enough physical strength to dig holes for the winter.