Or Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.

English name flos chrysanthemum (Florists Chrysanthemum)

Alias chrysanthemum hua, autumn chrysanthemum, day sperm, jiuhua, yellow flower, empress flower, smiling gold, festival flower, bow, golden stamen, chamomile.

Because its flowers bloom in late fall and have a strong fragrance, it has the elegant name of "late color" and "cold fragrance".

Classification Asteraceae, genus Aster

Sometimes also used as a general term for all the flower varieties in the family Asteraceae. Asteraceae is the largest family of seed plants, totaling 25,000 to 30,000 species, and its flowers are also many species, second only to orchids.

There are more than 30 species in the genus Aster, 17 of which are native to China, including wild chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, chamomile, chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, and so on.

FLOWER LANGUAGE

Chrysanthemum: purity, purity, longevity, good luck, I love you, true love

Chrysanthemum (red): joyful love

Chrysanthemum (white): honest gentleman

Chrysanthemum (yellow): lost love

Crested Chrysanthemum: chasing after thoughts, reliable love, please believe in me

Chrysanthemum (spring): divination for love

June chrysanthemum: Farewell

Winter chrysanthemum: Divorce

French chrysanthemum: Endurance

Cucumber: Happiness

Persian chrysanthemum: Wild Beauty

Giant cosmos chrysanthemum: Maiden Innocence, Strength

Marigold: Friendship

Cornflower: Noble, Elegant

Maize chrysanthemum: Everlasting Memory, Engraved in the Heart

Scaled chrysanthemum: eternal love

Edit Origin and Habits

Chrysanthemum, native to China, has been domesticated for thousands of years.

Like cool, hardy, growing temperature 18-21 ℃, underground rhizomes drought-resistant, the most avoid waterlogging, like the terrain is high, deep soil, rich in humus, loose and fertile, well-drained soil. In slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil can grow. Ph6.2-6.7 is the best. It is a short-day plant, and grows nutritiously under 14.5 hours of long sunlight per day, with more than 12 hours of darkness per day and a night temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, which is suitable for the development of flower buds.

Edit Morphological Characteristics

Perennial herb. The height of the plant is 20-200cm, usually 30-90cm. The stems are tender green or brown in color, and except for cliff chrysanthemums, they are mostly erect and branched, and the bases are semi-woody. The single leaf is alternate, ovoid to oblong, and the edge is notched and serrated. Heads terminal or axillary, one or several clusters. Ligulate flowers are female, tubular flowers are bisexual. The ligulate flowers are divided into four categories: lower, spoon, tube, and aberrant, with a variety of colors, including red, yellow, white, ink, purple, green, orange, pink, brown, snowy green, light green, etc. The tubular flowers develop into flowers with a variety of colors. The tubular flowers develop into "togui petals" with a variety of colors, including red, yellow, white, purple, green, pink, mixed colors, inter-colored and other colors.

The size and shape of the inflorescences are different, there are single petals, there are heavy petals; there are flat, there are spherical; there are long flocculent, there are short flocculent, there are flat flocculent and curly flocculent; there are hollow and solid; there are straight and drooping, a wide variety of styles, varieties and complexity. According to the flowering period, there are early chrysanthemums (open in September), autumn chrysanthemums (October to November), late chrysanthemums (December to January), but after the gardeners' hard cultivation, change the sunshine conditions, there are also May chrysanthemums that bloom in May, July chrysanthemums that bloom in July. According to the size of the flower, those with a diameter of 10 centimeters or more are called large chrysanthemums, those with a diameter of 10-6 centimeters are medium chrysanthemums, and those with a diameter of less than 6 centimeters are small chrysanthemums. According to the petal type, it can be divided into three categories of flat petal, tube petal, spoon petal, more than ten types.

The chrysanthemum is a very beautiful plant.

Edit Cultivation

Chrysanthemum prefers cool climate, sunny and well ventilated place. It is resistant to cold and frost, and is afraid of heat and rain. Planted in humus-rich neutral soil is good.

Chrysanthemum adaptable, vigorous growth, easy to cultivate, simple management. Propagation is based on cuttings and grafting. As people say: March plant division, April insertion, May grafting, June pressure, the methods are:

Division method: the plant's roots are all dug out, according to the number of tillers sprouted, according to the need for 1-3 buds as a nest separate, planted in the whole flower beds or pots, watering, shade, 5-10 days can be viable. The plants will be ready in 5-10 days. Seedlings propagated in this way are strong, fast developing and non-variegated.

Cuttings: can be divided into buds, branches, two kinds of cuttings.

Budding: In the chrysanthemum mother plant roots, often sprouting foot buds, when the leaves are not yet unfolded, as a spike for buds, very easy to root and live, and with the same method of dividing the plant, strong vitality, not easy to deteriorate.

Branching: In the April-May period, can be cut on the mother plant with 5-7 leaves, about 10 cm long branch as a plug. The lower part of the leaves will be removed, leaving only a small part of the upper 2-3 pieces, the lower end of the cuttings cut flat, cuttings do not use the cuttings directly down into the cuttings, can be used to fine stick or bamboo stick tied hole, and then carefully inserted the cuttings, so as not to puncture the cuttings of the cuttings or the outer skin. The depth of the plug into the soil, about one-third of the plug, or half. After insertion, compacted soil, sprinkled with water, at a temperature of 15-20 ℃ under humid conditions, 15-20 days can be rooted and live. When the seedling grows to 3-5 leaves, it can be moved to plant in the nursery or pot.

Grafting method: people usually use Artemisia annua, Artemisia alba and Artemisia annua, which have developed root system and strong growth force, as rootstocks, and use the chrysanthemum seedlings that need to be reproduced as scion, and then graft them by splitting method. The method of splitting is: first select the rootstock and scion, and then cut off the rootstock according to the height of the need, the cut surface should be flat, and cut longitudinally in the cut surface; scion lower part of the rootstock into the two sides of the cutting a knife, so that the scion into a wedge, inserted into the rootstock longitudinal incision, but we must pay attention to the scion and the rootstock of the outer layer of the formation of the alignment of the splitting of the success of the key to the move, and then tied can be. Generally a plant can be connected to 1-6 or 8 scion, depending on the thickness of the rootstock to determine. After connecting the appropriate shade to prevent scion wilt and failure. To be scion survival, the incision has all healed well, before you can remove the tie, and at the same time should be wiped on the rootstock growth of small branches and leaves.

Crimping method: to be chrysanthemum branches are more aging, can take the continuous crimping method or choking soil pei pressure approach. First selected from the ground closer to the strong branch, remove the soil pressure parts of the petiole, and here slightly destroyed part of the epidermis to the xylem, so that the scab is easy to root here. After rooting, when new branches grow between the leaf axils in 10-15 centimeters, separate the mother plant, or separate them if they are pressed consecutively, so that they become independent new plants. Wait for some time and then move the plants.

The management of chrysanthemums is relatively simple in general, but it is necessary to cultivate a standard chrysanthemum like the one put forward by Mr. Xue Shouji, a famous Beijing florist, "i.e., full-bodied chrysanthemums with bright flowers, dignified flowers, and bright flowers; medium-sized plants with neat foliage; robust varieties that are plump and healthy; excellent varieties that are dashing and handsome; and delicate varieties that are delicate and charming. "The kind of chrysanthemum to come, also is not easy indeed. So the care of chrysanthemum, pay attention to water, fertilizer, tube three words. Because the chrysanthemum from the end of February or early March that is the beginning of the buds, to October to November flowers Xie Fang stop, the middle of the growing period of ten months, the growth period is very long, need water, fertilizer more, but also because it is a developed root system, the absorption of nutrients strong ability, so both it should be thick and sturdy stalks, flowers and foliage, and pay attention to the cultivation of a certain high and low degree of plant type of the degree of elegance and moderate degree. Therefore, water and fertilizer should not only be more, but also according to the chrysanthemum's growth, development, buds, flowering of different periods and stages, applying reasonable, moderate and appropriate. In the word of management, special attention should also be paid to the top bud, wipe the axillary bud, the whole plant type and protect the leaves. The top bud is to be transplanted after the planting seedlings grow to 15-20 centimeters high, remove the top shoots, so that it is more sprouting, more long right, more buds, more flowers, generally 2-3 times the top. The first of the two top shoots is mostly carried out in May, and the second is mostly carried out in the second half of June. Keep 3 main branches and 9 branches, i.e. 3 branches and 9 rights. For three times topping, it is mostly done in May, June and July. The number of flowering branches is: 3 branches, 9 rights, 27 tops. The distance between the branches can be determined according to plant type, generally 10-15 cm, to 3-5 leaves is good, so that visible flowers, see the leaves, red flowers open, green leaves, otherwise too many flowers without green leaves to accompany, lose the beauty of the red flowers, although good without green leaves to accompany, if the flowers are very few, the leaves are dense, that is, the noise of the main state, both of which are Not good, so how many branches and leaves to stay, can not help but pay attention. Chrysanthemums have a long growing period and vigorous development, so it is easy to seek high and difficult to seek low. Now it can be dwarfed by dwarfin. In order to make the flowers large, mid and late, especially late to wipe the axillary buds and take part of the buds to ensure that the nutritional needs of the buds left. Control plant shape, in addition to trimming branches and buds, but also through the needle, pinch the branch so that the nutrient delivery is blocked, and slow growth. To protect the leaves, especially the lower basal culms on the leaves to protect is not easy, which should pay attention to pests, fertilization, watering should be appropriate, appropriate, careful care.

Thousands of years, chrysanthemum in our country working people, especially in the horticultural florists under the diligent cultivation, has cultivated large, medium and small varieties; single-valve, double-valve varieties; spherical, flat varieties; positive type, turn type, hook turn type, pendant type, pine needle type, dragon's claw type, burr type, Togui type and other varieties, plus not yet been properly categorized, counting more than 3,000 varieties. Chrysanthemum in our country not only has many varieties, but also has a variety of flower styles and patterns, which are very beautiful. Through the horticulturist's art of grafting, can also make a plant more flowers, a flower more colorful, colorful, dashing. Especially according to its growth habit and law, change its environment and conditions, so that chrysanthemums not only open in September, but also ahead of the spring and summer and all seasons of the year can be open.

Chrysanthemums occupy an important position in the production of cut flowers in the world, and the cut flowers require neat flower type, flower diameter of 7-12cm, bright flower color, no pests and diseases, green leaves, straight stems, height of 80cm or more, and a long period of hydroponics. The cut flower chrysanthemum can be planted in the ground, with a plant spacing of 12-13cm and a row spacing of about 15cm. 50 plants per square meter need to be set up to support the net to keep the plants upright.

Chrysanthemums can be facilitated and inhibited cultivation, long sunshine season, every day from 17:00 to 9:00 in the morning shade, 10 hours of sunshine a day, to the buds of the color to stop shading, can be ahead of the flowering. Short sunshine season to 14 hours a day, can control the differentiation of flower buds, delay the time of flower supply.

Edit paragraph chrysanthemum common pests and diseases and control

Chrysanthemum is a famous flower in China, because of its many varieties, bright colors, wide range of uses, in addition to high ornamental value, there are also medicinal and food value, popular among the public. But chrysanthemum planting process more pests and diseases, if the management is not good, the occurrence of pests and diseases, will seriously affect its ornamental value and economic benefits. Common diseases include brown spot disease, black spot disease, powdery mildew, brown rust, black rust, root rot and so on. The main pests are aphids, red spider, inchworm, chrysanthemum tiger, grubs, leaf miner moth larvae, grasshoppers and snails, tigress, chrysanthemum heartworm, green blind toon weevil and so on. The common pests and diseases of chrysanthemums and their control are introduced as follows.

One, rust disease

Rust disease has black rust, white rust, brown rust and so on, all are infected by the spores of the disease germs, and it is easy to develop when the climate is wet. The earliest to appear in early July, and to September the onset of serious.

Rust mainly harms the leaves and stems of chrysanthemums, with leaf damage being the most serious. Black rust is one of the more prevalent rust diseases, the beginning of the surface of the leaf blade appeared pale white spots, gradually expanding slightly rounded protuberances, and soon rupture of the epidermis of the back of the leaf gave birth to heaps of orange-yellow powder, scattered with the wind, a large area of contagion. Subsequently, dark black oval spots on the leaf blade, leaf dorsal epidermis rupture and then produce black powder, serious cases of bottom-up whole plant infection, resulting in leaf drying. White rust leaves surface gray-white round spots, gradually drying reddish-brown, and finally turned into black-brown, and when serious, will lead to chrysanthemum plant withered, than the black rust damage is serious. Brown rust leaf surface densely light brown or orange-yellow tiny spots, resulting in yellow leaves.

Rust is a common disease of chrysanthemums, the pathogen is a subphylum of aspergillus, white rust is caused by the genus Stem rust, while black rust is caused by chrysanthemum stems. The pathogen generally overwinters in the new shoots of the plant, spreads with the propagation of chrysanthemum seedlings, and spreads through wind, rain, insects and so on. Pathogenic bacteria like coolness, do not tolerate high temperature, the earliest appeared in June-July, and more occurred in September-December, below 6 ℃ or above 31 ℃ is not easy to be infested, and warm and humid season is favorable for the disease to occur, in the humidity, light enough, poor ventilation, large temperature difference between day and night, 10-24 ℃ conditions are the most likely to occur to the cold, cloudy and rainy, day and night, the occurrence of humid weather is more serious.

Bad cultivation management, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, low-lying drainage, soil lack of fertilizer or excessive nitrogen fertilizer, air humidity, etc., will promote the occurrence of chrysanthemum rust. Poor ventilation, poor light penetration, soil sloughing, poor drainage, applying too much nitrogen fertilizer, lack of fertilizer, years of continuous cropping, etc. are serious morbidity.

Methods of prevention and control

(1) Choose disease-resistant seeds;

(2) The mother plant should be free of pests and diseases when propagating, and soak the spike with Manganese Zinc Diclofenac solution when taking cuttings to prevent the spread of germs from the spikes;

(3) Strengthen the cultivation management. Soil moisture, high water table, pay attention to open ditch leaching, potted plants should pay attention to dredge drainage holes or holes to prevent flooding. Avoid dense planting, strengthen ventilation and light penetration, control fertilizer and water, do not make the soil too wet. In case of rainy weather, the field should be drained of water to avoid the spread of disease with water splashing. On the basis of reasonable cooperation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately in order to improve the disease resistance of chrysanthemums. Cultivation soil should be sterilized with new soil, and avoid continuous cultivation. Ground planting chrysanthemum in September-November by the disease is more serious, more cloudy rain, air humidity, planted in successive years, very easy to disease. Attention should be paid to strengthen ventilation, drainage and humidity reduction, increase light;

(4) control the spread of disease, once found diseased leaves, diseased branches should be cut in a timely manner, focused on deep treatment or composting, which can eliminate the pathogen above to prevent the spread of the disease. After flowering to thoroughly remove the diseased plant leaves, and centralized burning, to eliminate the source of infection;

(5) early spring before germination, spraying Pomerol 3-4 degrees of rock sulfur. During the onset of spraying 80% Dyson Manganese Zinc 50O times liquid, 25% powder rust Ning wettable powder 1500 times liquid, 20% Chloroxylin emulsion 4O0 times liquid, 25% A Fengying wettable powder 800 times liquid, 5% A Fengyong copper wettable powder 6O0 times liquid or 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid, every 7-10 days spraying, alternating, and sprayed 3-4 times, you can achieve a good The prevention and control effects can be achieved.

Two, powdery mildew is mainly harmful to the leaves and stems, the victimized leaves were white powdery spots, from the point into a piece, as white frost. In severe cases, the leaves are deformed, stop growing, and the plant withers.

The disease is caused by a fungus in a half-knowing bacteria, from August to September to winter by the fungus infection. At the beginning of the disease, small white spots appear, gradually expanding into irregular-shaped spots, white powdery material grows on the spots, resulting in curled leaves, deformed branches, few flowers and small, and even the whole plant withered. The onset of serious, gray-white mycelium can be found on the leaves and buds, like a layer of frost, so that the shoots and flowers and leaves wrinkled deformation, seriously affecting the ornamental effect. Especially in greenhouse cultivation, the disease spreads very rapidly.

This disease is most likely to be infected at higher temperatures, higher humidity, less light, poor ventilation, day and night temperature difference of about 10 ℃.

Methods of prevention and control

(1) Pay attention to ventilation and light penetration, the row spacing should not be too dense, and the soil humidity should not be too high;

(2) Remove the early diseased leaves and burn them;

(3) Before the onset of the disease in July-August, spray carbendazim, 50% wettable toxophenazin 800-1000 times, dinitroxan 200 times, 50% diclofenac ammonium 1000 times or 0.2-0.5% lithosulfur composite, once a week, 4-5 consecutive sprays.

Three, gray mold

Gray mold is mainly harmful to chrysanthemum leaves, stems, flowers and other parts. When the leaf is affected, the edge of the leaf blade is brown spot, the surface is slightly whorled, the petiole and petioles are softened first, and then the outer skin rots. Flower damage affects seed maturity. High temperatures and rain, too much nitrogen fertilizer, planting too densely and the soil texture sticky, etc., are conducive to the occurrence of gray mold.

Prevention methods

(1) guest soil planting. Disease germs mainly overwinter in the soil, therefore, whether it is planted in the garden or potted plants, the soil is required to be new soil without disease germs;

(2) found diseased leaves and heavy plants should be removed in time, and centralized burned or buried to prevent the disease from spreading;

(3) new chrysanthemums can be used to soak the roots with 65% zinc diclofenac 300 times solution for 10-15 minutes before planting;

(4) pay attention to the cultivation management, pay attention to improve the ventilation and ventilation of the plant. Cultivation management, pay attention to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, do not favor nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to open the ditch in the rainy season, and prevent the soil from being flooded;

(5) The early stage of the disease can be sprayed with bactericides, such as stone sulfur compound, zinc diclofenac, carbendazim, and so on at the level of 0.3-0.5 degrees of boehmite.

Edit this paragraph medicinal species

This product is the dried heads of the chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. harvested in batches from September to November when the flowers are in full bloom, and then dried in shade or roasted, or smoked, steamed and then dried in the sun. The herbs are divided into "Boju", "Chuju", "Gongju", and "Hangju" according to their origins and different processing methods.

These are classified as

Traits

Boju: obconical or cylindrical, sometimes slightly compressed and fan-shaped, 1.5-3cm in diameter, discrete. Involucre saucer-shaped; involucral bracts 3-4 layers, ovate or elliptic, herbaceous, yellowish green or brownish green, outside pilose, margin membranous. Receptacle hemispherical, without hypanthium or stipular hairs. Ligules several-layered, female, located peripherally, whitish, straight, uplifted, longitudinally condensed, scattered golden-yellow glandular dots; tubular flowers numerous, bisexual, located centrally, hidden by ligules, yellow, apically 5-dentate. Achenes rudimentary, without crown hairs. Body light, texture soft, crunchy when dry. Aromatic, sweet, slightly bitter flavor.

Chu chrysanthemum: irregularly spherical or oblate, 1.5-2.5cm in diameter; ligulate flower tip white, irregularly twisted, involute, with crumpled edges, sometimes with light brown glandular dots; tubular flowers mostly hidden.

Gongju: oblate or irregularly spherical, 1.5-2.5cm in diameter; ligule white or off-white, obliquely ascending, reflexed at the upper part, slightly involute and crinkled at the edge, usually without glandular dots; tubular flowers are few and exposed.

Hangzhou chrysanthemum: saucer-shaped or oblate, 2.5-4.5cm in diameter, often connected into pieces. The ligulate flowers are white or yellow, spreading or slightly folded, adhering to each other, usually without glandular dots; the tubular flowers are numerous and exserted.

Edited applications

Chrysanthemums are one of the most important flowers for garden applications, widely used in flower beds, ground covers, potted flowers and cut flowers.

Some of them are used for medicinal purposes or as summer cooling drinks such as Chu chrysanthemum and Hangbai chrysanthemum, etc. They have cooling and calming effects, and are used to treat headache, vertigo, hypervigilance, neurological headache and conjunctivitis.

Edit Medical Values

Taste and flavor attributed to the sweet, bitter, slightly cold. Attributed to the lung and liver meridians.

Functions and Indications Disperses wind-heat and clears heat, calms the liver and brightens the eyes. It is used for wind-heat cold, headache and dizziness, eye redness, swelling and pain, and blurred eyes.

Pharmacological effects

1. Effects on cardiovascular system:

Chrysanthemum decoction alcoholic precipitation preparation has significant dilation of coronary arteries in isolated rabbit heart, increase coronary flow. When 1g of the raw drug was injected into the constant-pressure perfusate close to the heart cannula, it increased coronary flow by about 62% within 2 minutes and slowed the heart rate by about 20% on average. Larger doses to the resident canine heart also resulted in an average increase in coronary flow of about 40% and an average increase in myocardial oxygen consumption of about 27%. The ischemic electrocardiographic ST-segment depression caused by electrical stimulation of the central nervous system in rabbits is reduced, and the heart rate is unchanged or slowed down, which is basically consistent with the results of experiments on isolated rabbit hearts. It also increased coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in isolated hearts of rabbits with experimental coronary atherosclerosis. Chrysanthemum hydrotropic alcohol precipitation preparation with ethyl acetate, chloroform extraction into different parts, each part of the increase in coronary flow and other effects. However, they were not as strong as the original preparation, indicating that chrysanthemum contains a variety of cardiac active ingredients, reflecting the synergistic effect on the heart. In the study of the phenolic composition of chrysanthemum, it was found that the phenolic part of chrysanthemum can increase the flow of coronary artery in isolated heart of guinea pig and improve the tolerance of decompression and hypoxia in mice. In conclusion, chrysanthemum preparation can expand coronary artery and thus reduce the ischemic state of myocardium, although there is a role of strengthening the contractility of the heart with the increase of oxygen consumption, it seems that it is still dominated by expanding the coronary artery.

2. Antipathogenic microbial effect:

Chrysanthemum decoction or water infusion, in vitro test on a variety of pathogenic bacteria, as well as influenza virus PR8 and leptospirosis have a certain inhibitory effect, MIC is about 1:10-1:80. In vivo bacteriostatic test in mice showed that the volatile oil obtained from the distillation of the fresh whole grass (aboveground part) with water, has an inhibitory effect on the bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Fusarium dysentery, etc. The volatile oil obtained by distillation of fresh whole herb (above ground part) with water shows that it has strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Fusarium dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is ineffective on S. pneumoniae.

3. Other effects:

The oral administration of chrysanthemum decoction to rats for 3 weeks inhibited the activity of hepatic microsomal hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and activated hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase. Chrysanthemum combined with hyssop, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, and Rhizoma Coptidis prolonged the ageing period of silkworms, and affected the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the content of peroxidized lipids in the blood of mice. Chrysanthemum bulk preparations given to rabbits by gavage had the effect of shortening the clotting time, and the effect of bulk preparations baked into charcoal medicine was enhanced compared with that of raw medicine. Chrysanthemum preparations also inhibited the increase in local capillary permeability caused by intradermal injection of histamine, and its effectiveness of 10 mg was comparable to that of rutin 2.5 mg.

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine

Flowers contain volatile oil, the composition of the main for the lobster brain (borneol), camphor (camphor), chrysanthemum oil ring ketone (chrysanthenone), but also contains luteolin-7-glucoside (luteolin-7-glucoside), chrysanthemum glucoside (cosmosiin), that is, celosia! apigenin-7-O-glucoside[1], acacetin-7-Orhamnoglucoside, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside. acacetin-7-O-glucoside quercetin-3-O-galactoside luteolin-7-O-galactoside luteolin-7-O-glucoside luteolin-7-O-rhamnogside)[2], luteolin, β-elemene, thymol, heneicosane, tricosa-ne, hexacosane hexacosane) [3], as well as sugars and amino acids [4].

Use Dosage 5-9g .

Storage: Keep in a cool and dry place, airtight, mildew-proof, moth-proof.

(1)Chrysanthemum is weak in wind dispersal, good in heat clearing, used for external wind-heat often used with mulberry leaves, also used with scutellaria, gardenia to treat feverish irritability and so on. Chrysanthemum treats eye redness and swelling pain, no matter belongs to liver fire or wind-heat cause person, can apply, because this product can clear liver fire, but also can disperse wind-heat, often with cicadas, tribulus terrestris and so on same use. If the liver yin is insufficient, the eyes are blurred, then more with the raw land, Chinese wolfberry, etc.. Chrysanthemum is very good at clearing heat and detoxification, and is a key drug in surgery, mainly used for feverish sores and ulcers, redness, swelling and hot pain, especially for boils, swelling and pain, especially for the poison with good efficacy, can be taken internally, but also can be pounded and applied externally. Clinically, it is often used in conjunction with dandelion grass, dandelion and other products that clear heat and remove toxins. Chrysanthemum can calm down the liver yang, on the liver yang hyperactivity caused by dizziness, often with mother-of-pearl, kudzu and other applications.

(2) Chrysanthemum, a medicine, is mainly divided into white chrysanthemum, yellow chrysanthemum and wild chrysanthemum. Yellow and white chrysanthemums have the effects of dispersing wind-heat, calming the liver and clearing the eyes, and removing heat and toxins. White chrysanthemum has a sweet flavor, slightly weaker heat-clearing power, and is long for calming the liver and clearing the eyes; yellow chrysanthemum has a bitter flavor, stronger heat-discharging power, and is often used for evacuating wind-heat; and wild chrysanthemum has a bitter flavor, and is strong in clearing away heat and detoxifying the toxins. The stems and leaves of wild chrysanthemum are similar in function to flowers, and are effective in both internal use and external application. Mulberry leaves and chrysanthemum, can evacuate wind-heat, clearing the lungs and liver, so in the external wind-heat, fever and headache and eye redness and swelling and pain, the two drugs are often complementary for use. But the mulberry leaf wind clearing effect is better, so the treatment of lung cough, often with mulberry leaves without chrysanthemum; chrysanthemum is long in the leveling of the liver and Yang, and can clear heat and detoxification.

Chrysanthemum is also known as "festival flower" and "female Hua" in ancient China. And because its flowers bloom in the late fall and have a strong fragrance so there is a "late color", "cold incense" of the elegant name. The chrysanthemum has always been regarded as a symbol of the lonely standard, elegant frost, representing the scholarly and friendly sincerity.

Health value chrysanthemum not only has ornamental value, but also medicine and food, has good health effects.

●Chrysanthemum Wine: made from chrysanthemum flowers, glutinous rice and wine quarts, it is called "longevity wine" in ancient times. Its flavor is cool and sweet, and it has the effects of nourishing the liver, brightening the eyes, strengthening the brain and slowing down the aging process.

●Chrysanthemum porridge: Chrysanthemum and round-grained rice with cooking porridge, moistened glutinous refreshing, can clear the mind, in addition to the annoyance, pleasing to the eye, go dry.

●Chrysanthemum Tea: Chrysanthemum tea has an aromatic odor, which can reduce summer heat, promote the production of body fluid, dispel wind, moisten the throat, nourish the eyes, and relieve alcohol.

●Chrysanthemum cake: mix chrysanthemum in rice milk and steam it into cake, or use mung bean powder and chrysanthemum to make cake, which has the therapeutic effect of cooling and removing fire.

●Chrysanthemum dishes: chrysanthemum and pork, snake meat fried or cooked with fish, chicken "chrysanthemum meat", meat in the vegetarian, complementary but not greasy, refreshing and refreshing, can be used for dizziness and dizziness, wind-heat disturbed by the treatment of the disease.

● chrysanthemum soup: chrysanthemum and silver ear or lotus seed boiled or steamed into a soup to eat, add a little rock sugar, can remove heat, benefit the organs, treatment of dizziness and vertigo and other diseases.

●Chrysanthemum Paste: Fresh chrysanthemums are decocted with water, the juice is filtered and concentrated, and then blended with refined honey to make a paste, which has the effect of clearing wind, clearing heat, and brightening the eyes.

●Chrysanthemum Pillow: Chrysanthemum petals are dried in the shade and put into the pillow, which is good for high blood pressure, dizziness, insomnia and redness of the eyes.

●Chrysanthemum knee pads: Chrysanthemum, Chenmai leaves crushed into coarse powder, put into a gauze bag, made of knee pads, can remove wind and dampness, swelling and pain, treatment of crane knee wind and other arthritis.

● Chrysanthemum aroma: it has the function of dispelling wind and calming the liver, smell it, and it has auxiliary therapeutic effect on colds and headaches.

★Warning:

Chrysanthemum is internationally known as one of the top ten toxic ornamental flowers, inappropriate use may cause diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms, and chrysanthemum, as a plant, its own leaves and other toxicity, direct use of its raw leaf stalks or skin contact may cause itching, swelling, sore throat and other symptoms.

Hypertensive patients according to traditional Chinese medicine identification can have a variety of types of evidence, belonging to the yin deficiency hyperactivity type of people with chrysanthemum is the best. The yin and yang deficiency type should not use cold chrysanthemum, only appropriate to use the cultivation of yang qi, nourishing the kidney yin medicine, the treatment of this type of patients with warm Codonopsis, Astragalus, Cortex Eucommiae, Shuidi, etc., with which the blood pressure returned to normal. If you use chrysanthemum, hookah, stone vitex, etc., the blood pressure will be high but not lower. In addition, chrysanthemum should not be used by patients with phlegm-dampness type or blood stasis type hypertension. Abuse of chrysanthemum to treat hypertension is more common, and attention should be paid to its adverse effects.

Cultural value

Chinese ancient literati praised chrysanthemum, which is known as one of the "Four Gentlemen" (Plum, Orchid, Bamboo and Chrysanthemum), which is a clear proof of the fact that chrysanthemum is the most famous traditional flower in China. Chrysanthemum is a traditional flower in China, has a long history of cultivation. Chrysanthemum is not only for ornamental purposes, decorate the garden, beautify the environment, and a wide range of uses, edible. It can be used for food, brewing, drinking and medicine, and is closely related to the life of the people. Chrysanthemum has its unique ornamental value, people appreciate its flowers in a thousand shapes and sizes, beautiful colors and elegant fragrance, especially in the autumn and winter season, chrysanthemums have withered, chrysanthemums proud of the frost bloom, it is not afraid of frost bullying temperament, but also is the embodiment of the indomitable spirit of the Chinese nation. Today, chrysanthemum is still one of the ten most famous flowers in China, and is loved by the general public. Poets and painters of our country in all ages have made many poems and paintings with chrysanthemums as the theme, and thus a large number of literary and artistic works and art chrysanthemum experiences in the past generations have left us many famous works and will be handed down for a long time.

The chrysanthemum has always been regarded as a symbol of solitude and elegance, representing the elegance and friendship of famous scholars. Chrysanthemum because of its open in late autumn, defying the cold, by the ancient Chinese literati like, many poems to praise, such as the Eastern Jin Dynasty poet Tao Yuanming wrote "picking chrysanthemums under the East Fence, easy to see the South Mountain" of the famous line.